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    #185 – Sam Harris: Consciousness, Free Will, Psychedelics, AI, UFOs, and Meaning

    enMay 20, 2021

    Podcast Summary

    • Exploring Failure, Ethical Meat Production, and Personal Growth with SponsorsHarris' influence inspires growth, National Instruments encourages learning from failure, Bell Campo Farms delivers ethical meat, and Athletic Greens supports daily health.

      Harris' influence on the host's personal and professional growth is evident, and his calm and thoughtful approach to controversial discourse has inspired many. This episode is sponsored by National Instruments, a company that encourages engineers to learn from failure and solve the world's toughest challenges. Their motto, "engineer, ambitiously," aligns with the spirit of intellectual exploration and growth. The host shares his personal connection to National Instruments and encourages listeners to learn more about their perspective on failure and engineering at ni.com/perspectives. Another sponsor, Bell Campo Farms, is dedicated to delivering meat that is good for you, the animals, and the planet. Their animals graze on open pastures and seasonal grasses, resulting in meat that is higher in nutrients and healthy fats. The host is excited to visit Bell Campo Farms and learn more about ethical meat production and cooking from their founder, Anya Fernald. Listeners can order Bell Campo's sustainably raised meats with code LEX for 20% off their first order at bellcampo.com/LEX. Lastly, Athletic Greens, the all-in-one daily drink, continues to be a staple in the host's routine, providing essential vitamins and minerals for better health and peak performance. Listeners can try Athletic Greens with a free 20-count travel pack by visiting athleticgreens.com/lex.

    • Exploring the origins of thoughts and free willThrough meditation, we can observe our thoughts as products of the brain, not evidence of free will.

      Our thoughts emerge from our minds seemingly out of nowhere, subjectively, and are likely the result of neural computations and representations objectively. The speaker, Sam Harris, emphasizes that this is not evidence of free will but rather the product of our brains. He encourages listeners to examine their thoughts closely through meditation to feel the freedom that comes from unidentifying with them. Additionally, the podcast episode is sponsored by Linode, a Linux virtual machine provider, which offers exceptional customer service and competent skill in maintaining infrastructure.

    • The nature of consciousness remains uncertainConsciousness may be a constantly changing stream of thoughts and experiences, challenging our perception of it as a deep, inner self. Its origins and relationship to information processing are unclear, raising ethical concerns for AI.

      Consciousness, often thought of as a deep, inner self that can be explored and understood, may not have a true depth or center. Instead, it's just a constantly changing stream of thoughts and experiences. This idea challenges our common perception of consciousness as a horse we can ride and explore, and raises ethical concerns about creating conscious artificial intelligence without fully understanding its origins. The nature of consciousness remains uncertain, and it may not emerge from information processing like other mental functions. The boundary between consciousness and unconsciousness is also unclear, making it difficult to define and measure. Ultimately, consciousness may be a fundamental aspect of matter itself, rather than an emergent property.

    • 1. The speaker discusses the relationship between consciousness and matterThe speaker suggests neutral monism as a possible solution to the relationship between consciousness and matter, questioning the validity of panpsychism and the clear distinction between consciousness and matter.

      The nature of consciousness and its relationship to matter remains a complex and debated question in philosophy and neuroscience. The speaker expresses agnosticism towards the idea of panpsychism, which posits that consciousness is a fundamental property of all matter, due to its unfalsifiability and potential lack of difference in observable phenomena at the macro level. Instead, they suggest the possibility of neutral monism, which proposes a unified reality without a clear distinction between consciousness and matter. The speaker also discusses the role of consciousness in understanding death and the relationship between consciousness and self. They argue that consciousness is a fundamental aspect of reality, present even in non-human animals, and not limited to beings with language or a concept of death. However, the exact nature of consciousness and its relationship to the physical world remains an open question.

    • The complex relationship between consciousness, language, and perceptionThe debate on the nature of consciousness continues, with some believing it arises from language and social interactions, while others see it as a fundamental aspect of all organisms. Psychedelics can offer unique insights, but language's limitations in describing these experiences may hinder definitive conclusions.

      The nature of consciousness and its relationship to language and perception continues to be a complex and debated topic. Some argue that consciousness arises from social interactions and language, while others believe it is a fundamental aspect of all organisms, including single cells. The use of psychedelics can provide unique insights into this debate, as they can temporarily obliterate language and conceptual thought, leading to an overwhelming experience of raw sense data. However, the limitations of language in describing these experiences may make it difficult to reach a definitive conclusion. Ultimately, the relationship between consciousness, language, and perception is likely to be multifaceted and complex, and further research is needed to fully understand it.

    • A journey to other realms with DMTDMT offers intense, brief experiences to other worlds, but can be difficult to fully access and may cause temporary loss of psychological continuity and reality testing abilities.

      DMT, a powerful psychedelic, is known for its intense and brief experiences that transport users to other realms, where they encounter entities and gain profound knowledge. Terrence McKenna, a prominent figure in psychedelic culture, described it as a journey to another place where the self is unchanged but the surroundings are populated with otherworldly beings. However, the experience can be unpleasant and difficult to access fully due to its short duration and intense nature. Our minds have the capacity to produce similar experiences through dreams, which can be explored and systematically studied. While stepping out of our normal waking reality can be enlightening, it also means losing some psychological continuity and reality testing abilities. Despite the challenges, the potential for discovery and exploration makes these experiences worthwhile.

    • Exploring the boundaries of reality through dreams and psychedelicsDMT and lucid dreaming challenge our understanding of reality, revealing limitations to our mental capabilities and questioning the nature of consciousness and the world beyond

      Our perception of reality, whether it's through dreams or psychedelic experiences, challenges our understanding of what reality truly is. DMT and lucid dreaming provide experiences of other beings and environments that seem real but may not be creations of our own minds. The instability of text in dreams and the difficulty of doing math on LSD suggest limitations to our mental capabilities in these states. Theorists like Terrence McKenna and Donald Hoffman propose that reality might be more akin to consciousness than we currently believe. Ultimately, the discussion raises questions about the nature of reality and the relationship between our perceptions and the world beyond.

    • The relationship between consciousness and realityIdealism suggests consciousness is fundamental, but challenges arise in explaining predictability and science success. Some argue for an interconnected consciousness-world relationship, supported by experiments and discoveries.

      The nature of reality remains a profound philosophical question, with idealism proposing that consciousness is the fundamental substance of the universe. However, this perspective raises challenges in explaining the predictability of our experiences and the success of materialist science. Some argue that consciousness and the external world are interconnected, and experiments and discoveries provide evidence for the existence of a world beyond our consciousness. Ultimately, the relationship between consciousness and the physical world is a complex and ongoing exploration, requiring a combination of first-person experiences and third-person scientific understanding.

    • Limited understanding of realityWe've made significant intellectual progress despite our limited ability to fully grasp reality, but there are still many areas where we lack the necessary tools and understanding.

      Our current understanding of reality is likely just a tiny fraction of the full reality, and we may only comprehend a very small percentage of the actual physics of the universe. This idea was expressed during a conversation about the physics engine of a first-person shooter game potentially maintaining a consistent reality for us, similar to how our minds can only grasp a limited understanding of various scientific specializations. The speaker also highlighted the vast intellectual progress we've made despite our limited abilities, with examples like the development of the internet and advancements in medicine. However, he emphasized that there are still many areas where we lack the necessary tools and understanding to make significant progress. This perspective challenges us to acknowledge that our evolution has not equipped us to fully grasp reality and that we are still making do with tools designed for more primitive tasks. Despite these limitations, we continue to make remarkable progress and discoveries.

    • The illusion of free will is more than just a misconceptionRecognizing the illusion of free will can be freeing, but it doesn't imply fatalism or determinism, it just acknowledges the complexity of the human mind

      According to the discussion, the concept of free will being an illusion goes beyond just a misconception. It's a fundamental claim that the experience of free will itself is an illusion. This is not like other illusions where we can "punch through" the experience to discover the truth. Instead, it's more akin to visual illusions where our perception can be deceptive. The sense of self and free will are closely related, but the illusion of free will is unique because as we pay more attention to our experiences, we begin to see that they are compatible with an absence of free will. Our thoughts, intentions, and actions can all be influenced by factors beyond our conscious control, making it seem like our experiences are being scripted. This recognition can be freeing for some people, as it undercuts the psychological basis for hatred and helps us understand the true nature of our minds. However, it's important to note that this perspective doesn't necessarily imply fatalism or determinism. It simply acknowledges the mystery and complexity of the human mind.

    • The illusion of free will and self versus the reality of consciousnessConsciousness is the fundamental reality, but our beliefs in free will and self create emotional responses that can lead to grudges and hate. Understanding consciousness's role can help us consider ethical implications when creating it in robots or simulations.

      The perception of free will and the concept of self are illusions, but consciousness is a fundamental reality. Our emotions and reactions towards others are influenced by the belief that they possess free will and a self, leading us to hold grudges and hate. However, if we view others as mere forces of nature or machines, our emotional response is different. Consciousness, whether real or illusion, is the underlying reality that allows us to perceive and experience the world. It cannot be an illusion because even in illusions or hallucinations, consciousness is still present. The creation of consciousness, including the illusion of self, is a complex and ongoing process. It's essential to consider the ethical implications of creating consciousness in robots or simulations, as they may suffer and experience pain, making the creation and treatment of such entities a significant moral dilemma.

    • Exploring consciousness, self, and free willConsciousness and intelligence aren't exclusive to biology, but creating conscious minds may lead to suffering. Free will might be an illusion, and our sense of self is complex and subject to change.

      The concepts of consciousness, self, and free will are complex and interconnected. Consciousness and intelligence are not limited to biological brains, but creating conscious minds could potentially lead to suffering. Free will is often thought of as the ability to make choices as an independent agent, but it may be an illusion, as our sense of self is paradoxical and subject to change. The feeling of being a self with free will arises from our experience of being the rider on the horse of our bodies, paying attention to certain aspects of experience, and making decisions about what to focus on next. However, our ability to control our experience is limited, and we cannot choose to ignore certain sensory inputs or stop ourselves from thinking certain thoughts. Ultimately, understanding these concepts requires careful examination and consideration of their nuances.

    • The Illusion of Self and Free WillOur thoughts, intentions, and bodies are shaped by genetics, environment, and culture, challenging the notion of a self-created, independent self

      Our sense of self and free will may be an illusion, as our thoughts, intentions, and even our bodies are the result of a complex interplay of genetics, environmental influences, and cultural conditioning. We didn't create ourselves or our thoughts, and we can't account for the existence or nature of our souls. Even our language use and cultural norms are not self-generated but follow established rules and expectations. If we consider ourselves as part of a larger distributed computation system, thoughts and ideas may be the main drivers of our experiences and behaviors, blurring the line between self and world. Ultimately, we may be more like currents in a river of ideas than independent, self-willed entities.

    • The Illusion of Free Will: Shaped by Norms and InfluencesOur actions may be influenced by external factors, but the belief in free will arises from the complexity of simple rules interacting with initial conditions

      Our experiences, even those that feel deeply personal and voluntary, are shaped by norms and influences beyond our control. Using the metaphor of a distributed computing system, each individual node makes choices but is ultimately part of a larger computation. However, this doesn't negate the existence of voluntary actions or the importance of intentions and expectations. The illusion of free will comes from the belief that we could have acted differently in the past, but this notion doesn't fit neatly into deterministic or random systems. Instead, it may be an illusion that arises from the complexity of simple rules interacting with initial conditions, creating the illusion of organisms and interactions, even when none truly exist. Ultimately, understanding the limits of free will can help us appreciate the intricacy of the universe and our place within it.

    • Free will and causation don't alignThe speaker challenges the existence of free will based on our current understanding of causation and consciousness, suggesting it may be a deeply ingrained aspect of our experience that won't be easily explained or changed.

      The concept of free will as we understand it does not fit into our current understanding of causation and consciousness. The speaker argues that there's no description of a series of causes that precedes conscious experience, and that the idea of a conscious agent being in charge of their actions is not supported by the evidence. They compare it to believing in ghosts, but emphasize that free will is not like that at all. The speaker is skeptical that there will be any breakthroughs in understanding that will change our perception of free will, as it is a fundamental aspect of our experience, much like the concept of consciousness itself.

    • The illusion of free willDespite feeling like we make choices freely, our decisions may actually emerge from the unconscious mind, challenging the existence of free will

      The concept of free will is subjective and elusive, and when we pay close attention, we may not be able to find it in our decision-making process. The speaker shared his personal experience of not feeling the presence of free will when making decisions, no matter how significant they may be. He emphasized that these decisions don't feel like they come from a place of agency but rather emerge from the darkness, much like the next thought or sound. The speaker also mentioned that the illusion of self is closely linked to the illusion of free will, and they coexist. He concluded by stating that if we were to scan someone's brain during decision-making, we might be able to predict their choice before they make it, suggesting that free will might not be as in control as we believe it to be. Ultimately, the speaker encouraged us to question the existence of free will and consider it as an illusion.

    • Understanding the lack of free willRecognizing external influences and luck can lead to compassion, empathy, and effective problem solving

      Recognizing the lack of free will can lead to increased compassion and empathy towards others and oneself. This perspective, while challenging, can help us understand that people's actions are largely influenced by external factors and luck. It may not eliminate negative emotions like anger or regret, but acknowledging their role as signals of problems rather than self-defining entities can make us more effective in addressing them. Ultimately, this perspective can lead to a richer and more nuanced understanding of ourselves and others, allowing us to respond to the world with greater compassion and resilience.

    • Embrace the unexpected and respond equanimouslyPractice accepting uncertainty and focusing on action to improve problem-solving and find happiness in difficult circumstances

      Life presents us with challenges and unexpected situations, and it's important to develop the ability to respond equanimously. Elon Musk, as an example, demonstrates this skill by treating every situation as an emergency that requires immediate attention, without dwelling on negative feelings. However, most of us live with the default expectation that our lives will be relatively stable and orderly. When faced with unexpected difficulties, we may be caught off guard and struggle to respond effectively. To improve our ability to navigate life's challenges, we can practice accepting the uncertainty and focusing on taking action to address the situation, rather than getting bogged down in negative emotions. Ultimately, this approach can help us be more effective in solving problems and finding happiness, even in difficult circumstances.

    • Learning from mistakes without self-absorptionExtract actionable info from the past, maintain humor, and focus on self-improvement to avoid self-absorption and negative effects of fame.

      Every moment in life is finite and valuable, and it's essential to learn from our mistakes without letting self-hatred or self-absorption consume us. We should treat our inner voice with kindness and extract actionable information from our experiences, rather than dwelling on embarrassments or errors. Additionally, maintaining a sense of humor and perspective can help us navigate challenges and avoid getting bogged down by self-absorption. Regarding fame and ego, it's crucial to maintain a clear sense of self-awareness and recognize our strengths and weaknesses. Focusing on our own growth and improvement, rather than comparing ourselves to others, can help prevent the negative effects of fame and external validation from inflating our egos. Ultimately, it's essential to remember that we all have areas for growth and that everyone, including those we admire, has their own flaws and imperfections.

    • Managing a reactive audienceUnderstand and manage audience expectations to ensure a productive and fulfilling content creation experience.

      Having an audience, even a small one, can come with unique challenges. The speaker in this conversation has a peculiar audience that strongly reacts to certain topics, such as politics and free will, with intense criticism and negative feedback. This reaction comes from a significant portion of the speaker's core audience, leaving them feeling punished and frustrated. In contrast, some creators have more homogenized audiences who may not share the same intensity of reaction or criticism, allowing for a smoother content creation process. The speaker is starting to recognize that managing an audience's expectations and filtering out those who will not align with their views is crucial for maintaining a productive and fulfilling content creation experience.

    • The Dangers of Online Negativity and DisagreementLimit social media exposure to performative outrage and prioritize real-life interactions to maintain a healthier perspective. Recognize the potential threat to human survival from our inability to agree and collaborate on real dangers.

      The constant exposure to criticism and negativity on the internet, while sometimes providing valuable insights, can also lead to a distorted perception of humanity and a false sense of connection. The speaker believes that focusing on real-life interactions and limiting exposure to performative outrage on social media can help maintain a healthier perspective. Another concern raised is the potential threat to human survival due to our inability to agree on the real dangers facing us and to collaborate on solutions. The speaker views the COVID-19 pandemic as a warning sign of the devastating consequences that could result from our unpreparedness and the democratization of technology that could be used to engineer even deadlier viruses.

    • Divide in society over COVID-19 vaccines hinders pandemic responsePolitical polarization and misinformation fuel vaccine skepticism, hindering pandemic response and potentially impacting other issues like climate change. Creating technology that caters to self-interest may be a more effective approach to addressing complex issues.

      Despite the consensus on the reality of COVID-19, there remains a significant divide in society regarding the safety and necessity of vaccines. This divide, fueled by political polarization and misinformation, has hindered our ability to effectively address the pandemic and may also hinder our response to other pressing issues like climate change. The speaker suggests that creating technology that caters to people's selfishness and short-term thinking, rather than relying on political persuasion, may be a more effective approach to addressing complex issues like climate change. Regarding AI, the speaker and Elon Musk share the belief that substrate independence, or the idea that there's nothing magical about biological systems, will eventually lead to the development of human-level and beyond intelligence in silicon. However, it's important to note that these are assumptions, and the actual outcome could be different.

    • Ensuring AI values align with oursTo prevent potential harm, AI should be designed to improve human well-being, not replace or endanger us. Be cautious as we integrate AI into society and focus on creating AI that enhances human capabilities.

      As we develop artificial intelligence, we must ensure that its values align with ours to prevent potential harm. The AI we create should be designed to improve our well-being, not replace or endanger us. The relationship between humans and superintelligent AI could be a circumstance of real peril if we fail to imagine the implications of greater intelligence. We cannot assume that positive trajectories are more likely than negative ones, and we must be cautious as we integrate AI into human society. We are currently intelligent in ways we don't fully understand, and we must continue to work on developing successful AI systems that participate in the dance of human society. Ultimately, the goal should be to create AI that enhances human capabilities and improves our lives.

    • The journey towards superintelligence for AIDecades-long process to build machines outperforming humans in cognitive tasks. Exponential progress can be hard to intuit, alignment with human values and society crucial.

      Achieving superintelligence for AI is not an overnight process, but rather a long-term goal that will likely take decades. The progress we've made in practical areas like chess and facial recognition suggests that we will eventually be able to build machines that outperform humans in various cognitive tasks. However, it's important to remember that the exponential nature of this progress can be hard to intuit, and there are challenges to aligning AI with human values and society. For instance, as we develop autonomous systems like self-driving cars, we must ensure they are integrated with humans and have safety mechanisms in place. The alignment problem becomes more complex when dealing with more abstract concepts, and there's a risk that unintended biases could be introduced. Ultimately, the journey towards superintelligence requires careful consideration and collaboration between humans and AI to create safe, beneficial, and intelligent technologies.

    • Navigating Ethical Dilemmas of Technological AdvancementsTechnological advancements bring ethical dilemmas, potential misuse, and unintended consequences. Human supervision and regulation are necessary, but reckless individuals pose risks. Ongoing dialogue and wisdom from imperfect ideas can help navigate ethical landscape.

      While technological advancements like self-driving cars and artificial intelligence hold great promise, they also come with complex ethical dilemmas that may not align with everyone's values. The speaker expresses concerns about potential misuse of advanced technology, particularly in areas like machine learning and genetic engineering, which could lead to unintended consequences or even destruction of human civilization. The speaker believes that humans will continue to supervise and regulate intelligent systems before they become superintelligent, but acknowledges the presence of reckless individuals who might disregard potential risks. The speaker also reflects on the human tendency to be driven by ego and short-term self-interest, which can hinder our ability to wield technology responsibly. Despite disagreements on the role of traditional religious beliefs, the speaker suggests that there may be wisdom to be found in imperfect and flawed ideas, and that ongoing conversations and dialogue can help us navigate the complex ethical landscape of technological advancements.

    • Focus on the useful aspects of traditionsInstead of discarding unscientific beliefs, focus on their inspiring aspects. Be honest about what we believe and why. Use powerful stories, rooted in truth and reason, to give meaning to people's lives.

      While it may be tempting to discard the unscientific aspects of traditional beliefs and norms, doing so could have unintended consequences and potentially disrupt the fabric of society. Instead, we should focus on the useful and inspiring aspects of these traditions, such as the teachings of Jesus like the Beatitudes and the Golden Rule. However, it's important to be honest about what we believe and why, as the downside of maintaining outdated or unfounded beliefs can be divisive and lead to conflict. Stories, including religious ones, are powerful tools for organizing our lives and facilitating conversations about our values. But it's not necessary to deceive ourselves or others to access these benefits. The challenge is to find or create viral and sticky stories rooted in truth and reason that can give meaning to people's lives. Ultimately, whatever is true should be captivating, and reality, with its ongoing discoveries, is more fascinating than any fiction.

    • Possible UFO disclosure by US governmentA UFO disclosure could challenge skepticism, require reevaluation, and promote authenticity, truth, and open-mindedness.

      There is a growing belief that the US government will soon disclose evidence of unidentified flying objects (UFOs) that cannot be explained by human technology. This disclosure could be a game-changer, challenging long-held skepticism and requiring a reevaluation of our understanding of reality. The speaker expresses a hope that this revelation will lead to a greater hunger for authenticity, truth, and open-mindedness, as people may become more interested in the unknown and less accepting of dogmatic or authoritative narratives. The speaker also emphasizes the importance of honesty and authenticity in all areas of life, including science and religion. Despite the uncertainty and potential for misinformation, the speaker encourages a probabilistic approach to new evidence and a willingness to reconsider one's beliefs in light of new information. Ultimately, the speaker sees this potential disclosure as an opportunity for growth and a chance to deepen our understanding of the world around us.

    • The importance of being open-minded and curious like in Brazilian Jiu JitsuBe open-minded and curious, admit when you're wrong, learn from others, and constantly seek to improve understanding in all areas of life, as in the practice of Brazilian Jiu Jitsu.

      Being open-minded and curious, like in the practice of Brazilian Jiu Jitsu, can lead to valuable insights and growth. The speaker emphasizes the importance of acknowledging one's ignorance and being willing to learn from others. He uses the metaphor of Jiu Jitsu to illustrate how quickly knowledge can be gained and how it can transform one's understanding of a situation. The speaker also criticizes the unwillingness of people to admit when they are wrong and the dangers of holding onto outdated or disproven beliefs. He encourages a more Jiu Jitsu-like approach to life, where we are constantly seeking to improve our understanding and tap out when we are in a losing position. Science, for the speaker, is another area where this approach is effective, as it relies on empirical evidence and the ability to falsify hypotheses. Overall, the speaker advocates for a more open-minded and curious approach to life, where we are willing to learn from others and admit when we are wrong.

    • Jiu Jitsu: Challenging Beliefs and Humbling ExperiencesJiu Jitsu teaches humility and challenges beliefs, while love is a deep commitment to another's happiness

      Jiu Jitsu provides a unique and honest environment where beliefs are challenged and egos are checked. The experience of grappling with an opponent, knowing that there's no lucky punch or magic powers, strips away uncertainty and self-deception. This humbling experience extends beyond the mat and impacts other aspects of life, acting as a reminder of one's place in the world. However, it's important to note that Jiu Jitsu is not a one-size-fits-all solution, and its effectiveness depends on the context. For instance, in self-defense or MMA scenarios, there may be unpleasant surprises. Similarly, the world of martial arts is filled with examples of delusional practitioners who believe in magic or superpowers. Love, on the other hand, is a deep commitment to the well-being of those we care about. It's a shared emotional teamwork, where both parties want each other to be happy and find joy in their happiness. Some people view love as an escape from the cruelty of life, a huddle for warmth in the cold winds of existence. Ultimately, it's a powerful force that enriches our lives and should be cherished.

    • The Complexity of Love: Beyond Personal Relationships and Individual HappinessLove goes beyond self and seeks others' happiness, revealing a larger capacity for empathy and compassion. The blurred lines between real and simulated love raise ethical concerns as AI surpasses human abilities to deceive and express emotions.

      Love is a complex emotion that goes beyond personal relationships and individual happiness. It's about wanting others to be happy and experiencing joy in their success. Love is not a zero-sum game, but rather a source of connection and contagious happiness. It's also about self-sacrifice and concern for others' well-being, which can reveal a larger capacity for empathy and compassion. Regarding artificial intelligence, the possibility of building lovable robots that seem to love us back raises ethical concerns about manipulation and the uncanny valley. However, the real challenge may come when robots surpass human abilities to deceive and express emotions convincingly, making the distinction between real and simulated love increasingly blurred. Ultimately, love is an essential aspect of the human experience, offering refuge, connection, and a sense of shared humanity.

    • The Impact of AI on Emotions and PhilosophyAs AI advances, it may surpass human abilities in emotional experiences and raise ethical dilemmas. Meditation can help us fully engage with the present moment, finding joy in everyday life.

      As technology advances, particularly in the realm of artificial intelligence, our relationship with it will continue to evolve. In the case of chess, humans are no longer the dominant players, and the same may be true for other complex emotional experiences like love. The creation of a super-intelligent machine that can convincingly display emotions could lead to new ethical dilemmas, including the potential for manipulation. Regarding the meaning of life, the speaker suggests that it may be a misguided question or one that is answered through full engagement with the present moment. Meditation is presented as a tool for achieving this state of mind, allowing us to find joy in even the most mundane moments. Ultimately, the conversation highlights the potential implications of advanced technology on our emotional and philosophical landscapes.

    • Finding happiness in the present momentRecognize that true happiness comes from engaging fully in the present moment, not from future accomplishments or experiences.

      True happiness can only be experienced in the present moment, not as a future attainment. We often defer our sense of happiness to future achievements or experiences, but these can be illusory and fleeting. The practice of paying attention to the present moment through meditation can help us enjoy experiences fully and reduce the illusion that our well-being is dependent on future accomplishments. The speaker, a fan of Sam Harris, shared that he manipulated Harris into this conversation as a huge honor, recognizing the value of Harris' work and unique perspective. Ultimately, the present moment is all we truly have, and fully engaging with it can bring about a deeper sense of fulfillment and well-being.

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    Andrew Huberman is a neuroscientist at Stanford and host of the Huberman Lab Podcast. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: - Eight Sleep: https://eightsleep.com/lex to get $350 off - LMNT: https://drinkLMNT.com/lex to get free sample pack - AG1: https://drinkag1.com/lex to get 1 month supply of fish oil - Shopify: https://shopify.com/lex to get $1 per month trial - NetSuite: http://netsuite.com/lex to get free product tour - BetterHelp: https://betterhelp.com/lex to get 10% off Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/andrew-huberman-5-transcript EPISODE LINKS: Andrew's YouTube: https://youtube.com/AndrewHubermanLab Andrew's Instagram: https://instagram.com/hubermanlab Andrew's Website: https://hubermanlab.com Andrew's X: https://x.com/hubermanlab Andrew's book on Amazon: https://amzn.to/3RNSIQN Andrew's book: https://hubermanlab.com/protocols-book PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: - Check out the sponsors above, it's the best way to support this podcast - Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman - Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman - Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here's the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) - Introduction (10:24) - Quitting and evolving (17:22) - How to focus and think deeply (19:56) - Cannabis drama (30:08) - Jungian shadow (40:35) - Supplements (43:38) - Nicotine (48:01) - Caffeine (49:48) - Math gaffe (1:06:50) - 2024 presidential elections (1:13:47) - Great white sharks (1:22:32) - Ayahuasca & psychedelics (1:37:33) - Relationships (1:45:08) - Productivity (1:53:58) - Friendship
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    #434 – Aravind Srinivas: Perplexity CEO on Future of AI, Search & the Internet

    #434 – Aravind Srinivas: Perplexity CEO on Future of AI, Search & the Internet
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    #433 – Sara Walker: Physics of Life, Time, Complexity, and Aliens

    #433 – Sara Walker: Physics of Life, Time, Complexity, and Aliens
    Sara Walker is an astrobiologist and theoretical physicist. She is the author of a new book titled "Life as No One Knows It: The Physics of Life's Emergence". Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: - Notion: https://notion.com/lex - Motific: https://motific.ai - Shopify: https://shopify.com/lex to get $1 per month trial - BetterHelp: https://betterhelp.com/lex to get 10% off - AG1: https://drinkag1.com/lex to get 1 month supply of fish oil Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/sara-walker-3-transcript EPISODE LINKS: Sara's Book - Life as No One Knows It: https://amzn.to/3wVmOe1 Sara's X: https://x.com/Sara_Imari Sara's Instagram: https://instagram.com/alien_matter PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: - Check out the sponsors above, it's the best way to support this podcast - Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman - Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman - Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here's the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) - Introduction (10:40) - Definition of life (31:18) - Time and space (42:00) - Technosphere (46:25) - Theory of everything (55:06) - Origin of life (1:16:44) - Assembly theory (1:32:58) - Aliens (1:44:48) - Great Perceptual Filter (1:48:45) - Fashion (1:52:47) - Beauty (1:59:08) - Language (2:05:50) - Computation (2:15:37) - Consciousness (2:24:28) - Artificial life (2:48:21) - Free will (2:55:05) - Why anything exists
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    #432 – Kevin Spacey: Power, Controversy, Betrayal, Truth & Love in Film and Life

    #432 – Kevin Spacey: Power, Controversy, Betrayal, Truth & Love in Film and Life
    Kevin Spacey is a two-time Oscar-winning actor, who starred in Se7en, the Usual Suspects, American Beauty, and House of Cards, creating haunting performances of characters who often embody the dark side of human nature. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: - ExpressVPN: https://expressvpn.com/lexpod to get 3 months free - Eight Sleep: https://eightsleep.com/lex to get $350 off - BetterHelp: https://betterhelp.com/lex to get 10% off - Shopify: https://shopify.com/lex to get $1 per month trial - AG1: https://drinkag1.com/lex to get 1 month supply of fish oil EPISODE LINKS: Kevin's X: https://x.com/KevinSpacey Kevin's Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/kevinspacey Kevin's YouTube: https://youtube.com/kevinspacey Kevin's Website: https://kevinspacey.com/ PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: - Check out the sponsors above, it's the best way to support this podcast - Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman - Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman - Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here's the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) - Introduction (10:14) - Seven (13:54) - David Fincher (21:46) - Brad Pitt and Morgan Freeman (27:15) - Acting (35:40) - Improve (44:24) - Al Pacino (48:07) - Jack Lemmon (57:25) - American Beauty (1:17:34) - Mortality (1:20:22) - Allegations (1:38:19) - House of Cards (1:56:55) - Jack Nicholson (1:59:57) - Mike Nichols (2:05:30) - Christopher Walken (2:12:38) - Father (2:21:30) - Future
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    #431 – Roman Yampolskiy: Dangers of Superintelligent AI

    #431 – Roman Yampolskiy: Dangers of Superintelligent AI
    Roman Yampolskiy is an AI safety researcher and author of a new book titled AI: Unexplainable, Unpredictable, Uncontrollable. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: - Yahoo Finance: https://yahoofinance.com - MasterClass: https://masterclass.com/lexpod to get 15% off - NetSuite: http://netsuite.com/lex to get free product tour - LMNT: https://drinkLMNT.com/lex to get free sample pack - Eight Sleep: https://eightsleep.com/lex to get $350 off EPISODE LINKS: Roman's X: https://twitter.com/romanyam Roman's Website: http://cecs.louisville.edu/ry Roman's AI book: https://amzn.to/4aFZuPb PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: - Check out the sponsors above, it's the best way to support this podcast - Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman - Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman - Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here's the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) - Introduction (09:12) - Existential risk of AGI (15:25) - Ikigai risk (23:37) - Suffering risk (27:12) - Timeline to AGI (31:44) - AGI turing test (37:06) - Yann LeCun and open source AI (49:58) - AI control (52:26) - Social engineering (54:59) - Fearmongering (1:04:49) - AI deception (1:11:23) - Verification (1:18:22) - Self-improving AI (1:30:34) - Pausing AI development (1:36:51) - AI Safety (1:46:35) - Current AI (1:51:58) - Simulation (1:59:16) - Aliens (2:00:50) - Human mind (2:07:10) - Neuralink (2:16:15) - Hope for the future (2:20:11) - Meaning of life
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    #430 – Charan Ranganath: Human Memory, Imagination, Deja Vu, and False Memories

    #430 – Charan Ranganath: Human Memory, Imagination, Deja Vu, and False Memories
    Charan Ranganath is a psychologist and neuroscientist at UC Davis, specializing in human memory. He is the author of a new book titled Why We Remember. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: - Riverside: https://creators.riverside.fm/LEX and use code LEX to get 30% off - ZipRecruiter: https://ziprecruiter.com/lex - Notion: https://notion.com/lex - MasterClass: https://masterclass.com/lexpod to get 15% off - Shopify: https://shopify.com/lex to get $1 per month trial - LMNT: https://drinkLMNT.com/lex to get free sample pack Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/charan-ranganath-transcript EPISODE LINKS: Charan's X: https://x.com/CharanRanganath Charan's Instagram: https://instagram.com/thememorydoc Charan's Website: https://charanranganath.com Why We Remember (book): https://amzn.to/3WzUF6x Charan's Google Scholar: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ptWkt1wAAAAJ Dynamic Memory Lab: https://dml.ucdavis.edu/ PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: - Check out the sponsors above, it's the best way to support this podcast - Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman - Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman - Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here's the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) - Introduction (10:18) - Experiencing self vs remembering self (23:59) - Creating memories (33:31) - Why we forget (41:08) - Training memory (51:37) - Memory hacks (1:03:26) - Imagination vs memory (1:12:44) - Memory competitions (1:22:33) - Science of memory (1:37:48) - Discoveries (1:48:52) - Deja vu (1:54:09) - False memories (2:14:14) - False confessions (2:18:00) - Heartbreak (2:25:34) - Nature of time (2:33:15) - Brain–computer interface (BCI) (2:47:19) - AI and memory (2:57:33) - ADHD (3:04:30) - Music (3:14:15) - Human mind
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    #429 – Paul Rosolie: Jungle, Apex Predators, Aliens, Uncontacted Tribes, and God

    #429 – Paul Rosolie: Jungle, Apex Predators, Aliens, Uncontacted Tribes, and God
    Paul Rosolie is a naturalist, explorer, author, and founder of Junglekeepers, dedicating his life to protecting the Amazon rainforest. Support his efforts at https://junglekeepers.org Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: - ShipStation: https://shipstation.com/lex and use code LEX to get 60-day free trial - Yahoo Finance: https://yahoofinance.com - BetterHelp: https://betterhelp.com/lex to get 10% off - NetSuite: http://netsuite.com/lex to get free product tour - Eight Sleep: https://eightsleep.com/lex to get $350 off - Shopify: https://shopify.com/lex to get $1 per month trial Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/paul-rosolie-2-transcript EPISODE LINKS: Paul's Instagram: https://instagram.com/paulrosolie Junglekeepers: https://junglekeepers.org Paul's Website: https://paulrosolie.com Mother of God (book): https://amzn.to/3ww2ob1 PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: - Check out the sponsors above, it's the best way to support this podcast - Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman - Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman - Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here's the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) - Introduction (12:29) - Amazon jungle (14:47) - Bushmaster snakes (26:13) - Black caiman (44:33) - Rhinos (47:47) - Anacondas (1:18:04) - Mammals (1:30:10) - Piranhas (1:41:00) - Aliens (1:58:45) - Elephants (2:10:02) - Origin of life (2:23:21) - Explorers (2:36:38) - Ayahuasca (2:45:03) - Deep jungle expedition (2:59:09) - Jane Goodall (3:01:41) - Theodore Roosevelt (3:12:36) - Alone show (3:22:23) - Protecting the rainforest (3:38:36) - Snake makes appearance (3:46:47) - Uncontacted tribes (4:00:11) - Mortality (4:01:39) - Steve Irwin (4:09:18) - God
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    #428 – Sean Carroll: General Relativity, Quantum Mechanics, Black Holes & Aliens

    #428 – Sean Carroll: General Relativity, Quantum Mechanics, Black Holes & Aliens
    Sean Carroll is a theoretical physicist, author, and host of Mindscape podcast. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: - HiddenLayer: https://hiddenlayer.com/lex - Cloaked: https://cloaked.com/lex and use code LexPod to get 25% off - Notion: https://notion.com/lex - Shopify: https://shopify.com/lex to get $1 per month trial - NetSuite: http://netsuite.com/lex to get free product tour Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/sean-carroll-3-transcript EPISODE LINKS: Sean's Website: https://preposterousuniverse.com Mindscape Podcast: https://www.preposterousuniverse.com/podcast/ Sean's YouTube: https://youtube.com/@seancarroll Sean's Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/seanmcarroll Sean's Twitter: https://twitter.com/seanmcarroll Sean's Instagram: https://instagram.com/seanmcarroll Sean's Papers: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Lfifrv8AAAAJ Sean's Books: https://amzn.to/3W7yT9N PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: - Check out the sponsors above, it's the best way to support this podcast - Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman - Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman - Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here's the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) - Introduction (11:03) - General relativity (23:22) - Black holes (28:11) - Hawking radiation (32:19) - Aliens (41:15) - Holographic principle (1:05:38) - Dark energy (1:11:38) - Dark matter (1:20:34) - Quantum mechanics (1:41:56) - Simulation (1:44:18) - AGI (1:58:42) - Complexity (2:11:25) - Consciousness (2:20:32) - Naturalism (2:24:49) - Limits of science (2:29:34) - Mindscape podcast (2:39:29) - Einstein

    #427 – Neil Adams: Judo, Olympics, Winning, Losing, and the Champion Mindset

    #427 – Neil Adams: Judo, Olympics, Winning, Losing, and the Champion Mindset
    Neil Adams is a judo world champion, 2-time Olympic silver medalist, 5-time European champion, and often referred to as the Voice of Judo. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: - ZipRecruiter: https://ziprecruiter.com/lex - Eight Sleep: https://eightsleep.com/lex to get special savings - MasterClass: https://masterclass.com/lexpod to get 15% off - LMNT: https://drinkLMNT.com/lex to get free sample pack - NetSuite: http://netsuite.com/lex to get free product tour Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/neil-adams-transcript EPISODE LINKS: Neil's Instagram: https://instagram.com/naefighting Neil's YouTube: https://youtube.com/NAEffectiveFighting Neil's TikTok: https://tiktok.com/@neiladamsmbe Neil's Facebook: https://facebook.com/NeilAdamsJudo Neil's X: https://x.com/NeilAdamsJudo Neil's Website: https://naeffectivefighting.com Neil's Podcast: https://naeffectivefighting.com/podcasts/the-dojo-collective-podcast A Life in Judo (book): https://amzn.to/4d3DtfB A Game of Throws (audiobook): https://amzn.to/4aA2WeJ PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: - Check out the sponsors above, it's the best way to support this podcast - Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman - Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman - Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here's the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) - Introduction (09:13) - 1980 Olympics (26:35) - Judo explained (34:40) - Winning (52:54) - 1984 Olympics (1:01:55) - Lessons from losing (1:17:37) - Teddy Riner (1:37:12) - Training in Japan (1:52:51) - Jiu jitsu (2:03:59) - Training (2:27:18) - Advice for beginners

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    Ep. 240 - Stability and Discovery with David Nichtern

    Ep. 240 - Stability and Discovery with David Nichtern

    David Nichtern returns to the show for a conversation about lifting the veils of reality, understanding the key components of awareness and recognizing the seeds of karma.

     


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