#24 - Empanadas | April 8, 2020

1. The word Jeans comes from Italy
   1. Town in Italy named Genes
2. Most common type of jeans are indigo dyed jeans 
   1. Blue on outside
   2. White on inside 
3. Jeans got popular because of the gold rush
   1. Thousands of migrants went west looking for gold 
   2. Denim jeans were strong, rugged, durable, and able to withstand the harsh conditions of gold prospecting.
4. You Shouldn’t Wash Jeans After Each Use
   1. most experts advise against such frequent washing.
   2. Recommend spot cleaning a washing after 2-3 wears. 
5. Jeans that aren’t blue are probably dyed with sulfur. 
   1. black, red, pink, purple, grey, mustard and green.
   2. More time consuming and usually more expensive.  
6. Dry Denim is Made of 100% Cotton
   1. people assume that denim is a unique fabric
   2. actually a manufactured form of cotton.
   3. Cotton isn’t strong but once it’s turned into denim it’s soft and strong. 
7. Stretchy jeans only have 3% spandex. 
   1. Little bit makes them 10-15% more stretchy 
8. Raw Denim is denim that hasn’t been washed
   1. That’s really the only difference
   2. Other denim is washed during production
   3. Some people like it because it lets the material look more lived-in
9. The first Jeans were called “XX”
   1. They were made after the denim they were made from
   2. Eventually they changed the name to 501 which was the lot number they were in
   3. THat was by Jacob davis and Levi Strauss
10. The original Levis headquarters was destroyed
    1. The 1906 San Francisco Earthquake
    2. It also destroyed 2 factories
    3. It cause a fire that destroyed most of its early company records

1. The Hulk was originally Grey
   1. Green looked better in print so they switched his color
2. Bruce Wayne has an IQ of 193
   1. Stephen Hawking and Albert Einstein both had 160
3. Superman doesn’t have an “S” on his chest
   1. Its actually his family crest
   2. Its the symbol for The House of El (L)
   3. Its just a coincidence that it looks like an ‘S’
4. Joker was supposed to die after his second appearance
   1. The comics editor pushed to save him
   2. She saw Joker as a perfect arch-nemesis for batman
   3. Good thing she saved him
      1. We could have missed out on Jarred Leto
5. One of Thor’s powers is “All-Tongue”
   1. He has the ability to speak to anyone and have them understand him
   2. No language barriers for the Son of Odon
6. Superman was supposed to be bald character
7. Superman was supposed to be a bad guy
   1. Obsessed with world domination
8. Superman is a vegetarian
   1. They writers only started thinking about this in 2005
   2. Since he’s so aware of when a life aura ends
9. Marvel has a superhero whose only power is being immortal
   1. Mr. Immortal
   2. Hes like kenny from south park
   3. He tries to end his life but cant
   4. No other super powers, so hes not like deadpool or wolverine
10. Michael Jackson almost bought Marvel
    1. He did that because he wanted to play Spiderman in a movie
    2. Luckily we got Tom Holland

1.  His real name was George Herman Ruth
   1. He’s the only person in professional baseball history to have the last name “Ruth”
2. No one knows exactly when he was born
   1. He didn’t really know either
   2. He thought it was Feb 7th, 1894
   3. Now its accepted as Feb 6th, 1895
   4. What his family thinks is his birth certificate says 1894 but its for an unnamed male in his family
   5. His parents lost 6 kids in infancy and no one is sure which birth certificate is actually his
3. He started chewing and drinking before 8 years old
   1. He tried chewing tobacco and whiskey really young
   2. He ended up going to a cathlic reform school where the nuns said he was “incorrigible”
4. He got the nickname “Babe” his first year playing baseball in the International League
   1. No one knows who gave it to him
   2. No one called him Babe before that
   3. Soon after he went to the Red Sox
5. When he was presumed to be 19 he married a 16 year old
   1. He met her his first day in Boston
   2. She worked at a local coffee shop
6. He was a star left-handed pitcher for the Red Sox
   1. Now he’s obviously more known for being one of the best sluggers on the Yankees
7. In the 6 years he was with the Red Sox, they won 3 world series
   1. When he was traded to New York it started a long streak of loses in the World Series for the Red Sox
   2. Its known as the curse of Bambino
8. In 1919 he hit 29 home runs, which set the new “single-season home run” record
   1. He beat the record again in 1920 and then 1921 again
9. In 1919 only five teams hit more home runs than Ruth did by himself
   1. With the exception of the RedSox
10. The company that made the Babe Ruth Candy bar claim that its not named after the baseball player
    1. The Curtiss Candy Company officially claimed that it was named after President Grover Cleveland’s daughter, Ruth
    2. People think that their claim is just a way to get around legal issues 

 Here are 10 tree-riffic facts about trees that you didn’t know, that you didn’t need to know:

1. Some states celebrate arbor day on a different date
   1. They do that because the last friday in April isnt an ideal time to plant everywhere
   2. Hawaii celebrates the first friday of November
   3. Alaska celebrates the third monday in May
2.  In 2019 2 youtuber teamed up and got 20,000,000 trees planted
   1. Mr. Beast and Mark Rober
   2. Mr. Beast posts random videos of himself giving away money, houses, and cars
      1. Sometimes as prizes for weird competitions
      2. Sometimes just because
      3. He gives away 10’s and 100’s of thousands in almost every video
   3. Mark Rober does science experiments the occasional prank and sometimes both
      1. He will test interesting theories, like “will people return a lost wallet”
      2. Why do pools smell like chlorine (its because of pee)
      3. And he even made a glitter bomb that pranked package thieves
   4. You can still donate and plant more trees at teamtrees.org
   5. They are up to almost 22,000,000 as of today
3.  Global forests remove about ⅓ of fossil fuels from the atmosphere
   1. These numbers come from tests done between 1990 and 2007
   2. Probably much less now since all the deforestation and wild fires going on
4.  One large tree can provide enough oxygen for 4 humans
   1. Thats daily
   2. Thats crazy
5. Trees help reduce the effects of climate change
   1. They store and convert carbon dioxide into oxygen
   2. In a year an acre of trees offsets about 26,000 miles driven in an average car
      1. That's about 2 average driver’s worth of carbon dioxide thats offset 
6. The first Arbor Day took place on April 10, 1872, in Nebraska. 
   1. More than 1 Million Trees planted.
   2. Since then, the foundation has planted at least 250 million new trees.
7. There are about three trillion trees on Earth? 
   1. About 422 trees for every 1 person.
8.  There are two main types of trees, Deciduous and Evergreen.
   1. Deciduous trees include 
      1. maple trees, 
      2. elm trees, 
      3. oak trees
   2. Evergreen trees have small needles
9.  America’s national tree is the Oak tree. 
   1. 750 species of tree present in the US.
   2. 100,000 tree types in the world
10.  Staring at trees helps reduce stress. 
    1. Visual exposure to settings with trees have been found to produce significant recovery from stress within five minutes. 
    2. indicated by changes in blood pressure and muscle tension.

Here are 10 page-turning facts about books that you didn’t know, that you didn’t need to know:

1. Lord of the Ring author, J.R.R Tolkien typed the whole trilogy with just two fingers!
   1. Exhausting
   2. Over 1200 Pages
   3. Only way he knew how to type
2.  “Old book smell” is produced by the breakdown of two chemical components in paper, cellulose and lignin.  
   1.  byproducts of this process produce pleasant and familiar scents
   2. Vanilla, Flowers, Almonds
   3. It can even work like carbon dating and determine the age of old books
3.  In January 2017, Amazon Sold Out of Physical Copies of 1984.
   1. Book by George Orwell
   2. biggest trending topics in the media were “fake news” and “alternative facts”
   3. inspired consumers to buy every physical copy of 1984 from Amazon, worlds largest online retailer, before the end of the month. 
4.  Books used to have curses in the beginning and end of books.
   1. Transcribing a book could take years. Most people were illiterate so it fell on Clergy. 
   2. Medieval book curses involved punishments such as:
      1.  being mutilated by demonic swords, 
      2. the gouging of eyes, 
      3. bookworms eating away at the entrails of thieves. 
      4. book turn into a serpent in the hands of those who borrow and do punctually not return them.
      5. Most curses  involved excommunication
5.  There is at least 1 book at the Harvard University Library that is bound with human skin.
   1. Anthropodermic bibliopegy
   2. Title translates to Destinies of the Soul
   3. From the 1880’s
6.  Winnie the Pooh and The Hobbit have something in common
   1. They were both written as bedtime stories
   2. Their respective authors wrote them to read to their children as they went to sleep
   3. The Hobbit seems a little intense to put kids to bed
7.  The original manuscript of Of Mice and Men was destroyed
   1. It was eaten by John Steinbeck’s puppy
   2. It was 2 months worth of work that he had to do over
   3. He was quoted saying "I was pretty mad, but the poor little fellow may have been acting critically."
   4. Maybe that’s why Lennie kills the puppy
8.  The Harry Potter books are the most banned books in America
   1. Its said to be because of religious beliefs
   2. A bunch of Protestant, Catholic, Christians, and Muslims have argued against the books
   3. Most of the fight comes from devout evangelical christian groups because witchcraft is dangerous for children to read about
   4. Some people claim that it should be banned it schools because witchcraft is a recognised religion in the US
9.  The Cat in the Hat only used 236 unique words
   1. Which was surprisingly low for Dr. Seuss’ editor 
   2. As a joke, his publisher bet him he couldn’t write a book with fewer words
10. Green Eggs and Ham was written as a joke
    1. It was purposefully written to have fewer words than the cat in the hat
    2. One of the most repeated words is “I” which is written 84 times its tied with “not”

April 22, 2020 - 10 Facts About Earth

Today is Earth Day. 

1.  The largest living thing on earth is a fungus
   1. Armillaria or honey mushroom
   2. There is 2,200 acres of this mushroom in Oregon
2.  Earth Used to have 2 moons
   1. It was about 750 miles wide, so it was very small
   2. It eventually crashed into our current moon
3.  The Earth is overdue for a pole-flip
   1. For the past 20 million years the poles have pretty consistently flipped every 200-300,000 years
   2. They occur over hundreds or thousands of years
4. 70 percent of Earth’s freshwater is on Antarctica
   1. Its in the ice cap
   2. 90% is ice
5. Earth’s moon gets “moonquakes”
   1. Similar to earthquakes but not as common
   2. They are caused by the tidal stresses associated with the varying distance between earth and the moon 
6. NASA planted a special seed to honor earth day in 2009. 
   1. Called the Moon Tree
   2. Apollo 14, 1971
   3. astronaut Stuart Roosa 
   4. Curious whether or not exposure to the microgravity of space would impact the growth of these seeds. 
7.  A single popular song can consume more electricity than entire countries. 
   1. Remember, “Despacito”
   2. Streamed more than 4.6 billion times worldwide
   3. “used as much electricity as the combined annual electricity consumption of Chad, Guinea-Bissau, Somalia, Sierra Leone and the Central African Republic,”
8. According to the EPA, the first Earth Day in 1970 inspired the passage of the Clean Air, Clean Water and Endangered Species Acts. 
9. Twenty of the warmest years on record worldwide have occurred in the past 22 years. 
10. Using a dishwasher is more eco-friendly than hand-washing dishes, according to a recent study from the University of Michigan.

April 21, 2020 - 10 Facts About Kindergarten  

Today is National Kindergarten Day. 

In this episode we learned:

1.   Kindergarten means Garden of Children
2. The first Kindergarten in the US opened in 1856
3. One of the first Kindergarten schools was a “Play and Activity” Institute

Here are 10 educational facts about Kindergarten that you didn’t know, that you didn’t need to know:

1.  Kindergarten dates way back to 1779. 
   1. a couple of citizens in Strasbourg 
   2. provide learning and enrichment to the young children of workers. 
   3. The idea soon spread world-wide as cities and countries realized the importance of caring for the youngest members of their population.
2. There are about 3.5 million Kindergarten students each year. 
   1. Eleven of those states require districts to provide full-day kindergarten.
3. Full Day Kindergarten is a thing
   1. Kids see both academic and social-emotional gains, 
      1. especially when they are in low-income districts.
4. Ages in Kindergarten can range as much as 18 months. 
   1. four to six years old
   2. This holds true for developmental differences too, where the developmental age range can vary between three and eight years old mentally.
5. The behaviors of students in kindergarten has shown to indicate the learning outcomes of 1st and 2nd grade. 
   1. If they aren’t doing well, this is the time to address it. 
6.  Kindergarten means Garden of Children
   1. It comes from the german words:
      1. Kinder- children
      2. Garten- Garden
   2. It was coined by Friedrich Froebel
   3. Because kids are like tiny flowers and they are varied and need care 
7.  One of the first Kindergarten schools was a “Play and Activity” Institute
   1. It was opened by Friedrich Froebel
   2. It was supposed to be an experimental social experience for kids entering school
8.  The first Kindergarten in the US opened in 1856
   1. Almost 80 years after kindergarten started in Europe
   2. It opened in Wisconsin
9.  Kindergarten became publicly-funded in the late 1970s
   1. This is for 96% of the US
10. It wasn’t until the 1980s that kindergarten became universal in the US
    1. The main activities they teach and participate in are addition, subtraction, and recess 

April 20, 2020 - 10 Facts About Cold Brew

Today is National Cold Brew Coffee Day. 

Here are 10 energizing facts about cold brew that you didn’t know, that you didn’t need to know:

1.  Cold Brew tastes sweeter than regular coffee
   1. This is because it has only ⅓ the acidity than a hot brew.
   2. It can still be as “full-bodied” and smooth as regular coffee but without bitter aftertaste
2.  It can make a great pre-workout
   1. Since a lot of cold brew is high in caffeine it helps release endorphins
   2. This can helps you get through workouts with less fatigue and muscle pain
3.  Cold Brew is better for dieting
   1. Since its tastes sweeter and is smoother, its easier to drink with less sugar and cream
   2. There are also ways to drink it with all the benefits of adding cream with none of the extra calories and fat
4.  You can make ice cream out of it
   1. If you add a whipped cream or whipped coconut cream and whisk it you can make a frothy eatable coffee
   2. Then you can freeze it to make a coffee ice cream
   3. You can also add it in browning mix for coffee brownies
5.  It can make you live longer
   1. **WE ARE NOT DOCTORS OR SCIENTISTS**
   2. New research claims that drinking a cup of cold brew everyday can be good for your heath*
   3. It even suggests that it may lengthen your life*
   4. It burns fat, increases insulin sensitivity and decreases the risk of dementia* 
   5. *https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-study-finds-coffee-drinkers-have-lower-risk-death
6. Cold brew is better for sensitive stomachs
   1. When you brew coffee cold, you extract different acids form the coffee
   2. They tend to be easier on your stomach
7.  Coarse grounds make all the difference 
   1. When brewing cold, coarse ground coffee is recommended. 
   2. Better filtering
   3. Cleaner result
8.  There are multiple ways to cold brew coffee
   1. Immersion
   2. Kyoto Style
9.  Cold brew has more and less caffeine than regular coffee
   1. I’ve seen many people claim that cold-brew has more caffeine. 
   2. I’ve also seen many people say it has less caffeine
   3. Truth is, it depends on multiple factors.
10. You can infuse cold brew with nitrogen and serve it on draft
    1. Like a Guinness
    2. Creamy without cream
    3. Does not mean more caffeine.

Important Links:

https://www.drinkcandid.com/

https://www.instagram.com/candidcoffeeco/

Here are 10 worldy facts about Ellis Island that you didn’t know, that you didn’t need to know:

1. Ellis island was was originally privately owned. 
   1. Samuel Ellis
   2. Tried to sell in 1785, but no bites
   3. City leased it in 1794
   4. City bought it when he died 
2. Ellis island was mostly man-made?
   1. The original island was smaller than the immigration inspection building that stands on it today. 
   2. Land that was elevated during the construction of the subways was used to increase the size of Ellis island by 6 acres. 
3. Only half of Ellis Island is in New York.
   1. The other half is in New Jersey. 
   2. The side that is man-made is considered New Jersey. 
   3. In reality though, its a federal island so the government pays to maintain it. 
4. Ellis Island used to have a hospital on it that was considered to be the best in the world at the time. 
   1. All its corners are rounded corners because, at the time,  corners were thought to harbor disease. 
5. In the 1950’s the government tried to sell Ellis Island. The winning bid was a company that pitched a “completely self-contained city of the future”. 
   1. Hire famed Architect Frank Lloyd Wright
   2. Last commission that was accepted before his death. 
6. Ellis Island use be where pirates would go to die
   1. It was an executioner island
   2. Pirates would get hanged 
   3. The bodies would actually be displayed from posts or “gibbets”
7. The first people to immigrate through ellis island were 3 kids
   1. They weren’t accompanied by parents or any family members
   2. It was Annie Moore and her 11-7year old brothers
   3. They were from County Cork, Ireland
   4. There is a statue still there commemorating them
8. The Transatlantic ships carrying immigrants didn’t ever stop at Ellis Island
   1. They would stop in Manhattan, let off travelers, and then ferries would take the immigrants to Ellis Island to be inspected
9. During WWII it was used as a prison for suspected nazi-sypathisers
   1. They did almost the same thing during WWI since immigration started to taper off
   2. They held around 1,500 potential enemies of state there
10. Immigrants didn’t change their names at Ellis Island
    1. Some people say that when traveling through Ellis island, people with very ethnic sounding names would change them at Ellis island, but that's not true
    2. When being processed the Ellis Island crew would just use the names on the ships manifests
    3. Names changes either happened in the travelers home country or after being processed through ellis island

Here are 10 germinated facts about orchids that you didn’t know, that you didn’t need to know:

1. Orchids have the tiniest seeds in the world.
   1. Challenge to grow and cultivate. 
   2. Long time to turn into a plant! 
   3. Growing orchids from seeds is only for the patient and very green-thumbed.
   4. only visible under a microscope. 
2. There can be up to 3 million seeds in a single orchid seedpod.
   1.  lack an endosperm and have no nutrients within. 
   2. Underdeveloped embryo
   3. require contact with a particular fungus to germinate It takes patience to grow an orchid.
3. Some Orchid's first flowers won’t appear until 5 to 7 years after germination. 
   1. The houseplants you find in stores are often a decade old.  
4.  Orchids are Bilateral Symmetric
   1. They can be divided into 2 perfectly equal sides
   2. 99% of animals have this
   3. Most plants have radial symmetry
      1. Think sunflowers
5.  Some orchids can live to be 100 years old
   1. That’s when they are in nature, not cut
   2. But cut orchids still outlive most other cut plants
      1. Up to 3 weeks
6.  The flavor Vanilla is extracted from a species of Orchid.
   1. Vanilla planifolia
   2. Extracted from its pod. 
   3. Only commercially grown orchid. 
7.  Orchids are the largest and oldest known family of flowering plant. 
   1. They are found on every continent. 
   2. Suggests they were in existence before the continents split apart. 
8.  There are 25000 different species of orchids. 
   1. 4 times the different species of birds 
   2. 4 times the different species of mammals 
9.  The smallest orchid is the size of a dime. 
10.  Mature orchid plants always grow upside down. 
    1. The weight of the blooming flower causes it to hang down.