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    Episode 111 - Dr. Uma Mahadevan: Inflammatory Bowel Disease

    enMarch 02, 2021

    Podcast Summary

    • Companies prioritize customer needs and valueBurrows Furniture focuses on easy assembly, requested colors, and durable modular seating. Mint Mobile defies industry norms by lowering prices. PlushCare offers online access to doctors for weight loss consultations and medications.

      Companies are focusing on customer needs and value in their offerings. Burrows Furniture prioritizes easy assembly, requested colors, and durable modular seating, while Mint Mobile defies industry norms by lowering prices. PlushCare provides online access to board-certified physicians for weight loss consultations and medications. Regarding Ishan Panchal's listener mail, the validity of medical students sharing knowledge on social media is a valid concern, but their efforts can be appreciated as they may possess up-to-date information. The respect for doctors comes from their expertise and ability to provide reliable, accurate information, and anyone, including students, can contribute to the dissemination of such knowledge.

    • Medical Students' Perspectives on USMLE and TransparencyMedical students face significant challenges, including high-stakes tests and mental health concerns. Transparency about expertise is crucial in any educational context.

      While the experiences and perspectives of medical students are valuable, it's essential for them to be transparent about their educational background and level of expertise. A medical student's dedication and hard work towards their studies are commendable, but the impact of high-stakes tests like Step 1 USMLE on their mental health is a significant concern. The NBME, the organization responsible for the test, has been prioritizing residency directors' wishes over students' well-being for years, leading to frustration and negative feelings towards the organization. While it's important to acknowledge the challenges faced by medical students, it's also crucial to remember that not everyone needs to be an MD to be knowledgeable about various topics. Overall, transparency and acknowledgement of one's expertise are vital in any educational or informational context.

    • IBD and IBS are distinct conditionsIBD involves visible lesions or ulcers, IBS symptoms do not show up in scans, and causes of IBD are multifactorial, not due to anything the person did.

      Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are two distinct conditions. IBD involves visible lesions or ulcers in the colon, while IBS symptoms do not show up in scans. IBD can manifest as Crohn's disease, which can affect any part of the digestive tract and cause fistulas, or ulcerative colitis, which is limited to the colon. The causes of IBD are multifactorial, and it's important to note that getting IBD is not a result of anything the person did. Genetics and environmental factors play a role, and it's crucial for people to understand that they are not to blame. If you have any questions about IBD or would like to share your experiences, feel free to email us at hopquestions@gmail.com. Our guest, Dr. Uma Mahadevan, is a world-renowned expert in IBD and a professor of medicine at UCSF. Tune in to learn more about IBD and its causes from this esteemed gastroenterologist.

    • Living with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Limits or Opportunities?Despite the challenges of living with IBD, effective management and new treatments offer opportunities for a good quality of life. Surgery may be required, but it doesn't guarantee a cure.

      Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a complex condition caused by a combination of genetics, immune system dysfunction, environmental triggers, and imbalances in the gut microbiome. This can be particularly challenging for young patients who may feel that their illness is limiting. However, it's important to reassure them that having IBD does not mean there are limitations to what they can achieve in life. While there is currently no cure for IBD, there are effective ways to manage the condition and maintain a good quality of life. Some people may require surgery to remove the affected parts of the digestive tract, but this does not guarantee a cure as some may develop a different type of IBD afterwards. Crohn's disease, in particular, is a heterogeneous condition, meaning it presents differently in each person, making it harder to cure. Researchers are working on better understanding the underlying causes and developing new treatments to improve outcomes for those living with IBD.

    • Revolutionizing Crohn's and Colitis TreatmentsAdvancements in medicine offer various treatments beyond heavy steroid use, frequent hospitalizations, and surgeries for Crohn's and Colitis patients. Doctors guide patients through life-altering decisions, with personalized approaches being the future.

      The advancements in medicine over the past few decades have revolutionized the treatment of conditions like Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Whereas before, treatments involved heavy steroid use, frequent hospitalizations, and surgeries leading to ostomies, today's options include a range of medications and precision medicine approaches. However, for some patients, a cure may still mean undergoing surgery to remove the colon, which can be a daunting prospect for those concerned about their quality of life, particularly regarding family planning and intimacy. Doctors play a crucial role in coaching patients through these decisions, offering reassurance and practical solutions to help them navigate the challenges. The future of medicine lies in personalized approaches, tailoring treatments to each individual's unique needs.

    • Connecting with others who have had an ostomy for Crohn's diseaseEmpowering connections, debunking misconceptions about IBD treatments, and understanding the role of medicine and diet are essential for Crohn's patients with ostomies.

      For patients with Crohn's disease who require an ostomy, connecting them with others who have gone through the same experience can be incredibly empowering and helpful. Misinformation about IBD treatments, particularly regarding the use of medicine and restrictive diets, is a major issue that can hinder patients from getting better. While diet can be an important part of managing inflammatory bowel disease, it is not a cure-all, and overly restrictive diets can limit socialization and lead to malnutrition. It's crucial for patients to understand the role of medicine in their treatment and to use diet as a complement rather than a replacement for medical intervention. The internet can be a valuable resource for connecting patients, but it also presents a challenge with the abundance of misinformation that exists. Doctors and healthcare professionals play a vital role in educating patients and debunking common misconceptions about IBD and its treatment.

    • Balancing Intellect and Hands-On Experience in GastroenterologyGI and cardiology offer a balance of intellectual challenge and hands-on experience, influencing the decision to specialize in GI or cardiology based on personal interests, academic performance, and career goals.

      Going into Gastroenterology (GI) as a medical specialty is often a choice made by individuals who enjoy both the intellectual challenge and the hands-on experience of the field. This is because GI and cardiology are two areas in medicine that cater to this balance. The decision to specialize in GI rather than cardiology can be influenced by various factors, including personal interests and academic performance. Some individuals may be drawn to the cerebral and procedural aspects of GI, making it an appealing choice. The speaker's personal experience includes interviewing for residency at Mount Sinai, where they were exposed to renowned IBD experts and eventually focused on this area of study. Ultimately, the choice to specialize in GI or any other medical field is a personal one, influenced by various factors, including personal interests, academic performance, and career goals.

    • From Clinical Researcher to Senior Figure in Academia: Finding Joy and Navigating Challenges in Medical AcademiaStay curious, build resources, and find joy in medical academia despite the competitive nature and challenges. Find support networks and embrace various paths in academic medicine.

      Pursuing a career in medical academia can be an incredibly rewarding experience, but it comes with its own unique challenges. The speaker shares her personal journey from being a clinical researcher in digestive diseases to her current role as a senior figure in academia. She emphasizes the importance of finding joy in what you do and the many different paths available in academic medicine today, from clinical education to narrative medicine. However, she also acknowledges the competitive nature of academia and the pressure to declare a niche early on. She advises young people entering the field to be prepared for the challenges and to find support networks. The speaker also touches on the drama and competition inherent in research, comparing it to the race for the COVID-19 vaccine. Overall, she encourages those considering a career in medical academia to stay curious, build resources, and find joy in their work.

    • IBD Patients in California Can Now Register for Vaccine Based on Additional Health ConditionsIBD patients in California, along with those with cancer, kidney disease, pulmonary disease, organ transplant, pregnancy, obesity, diabetes, and severe disabilities, can now register for the COVID-19 vaccine. The process for confirmation of these conditions is not clear, but patients are encouraged to check the MyTurn California website for updates.

      For individuals with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) seeking vaccine approval due to preexisting conditions, the guidelines are still in flux. Currently, healthcare workers, long-term care residents, those over 65, and certain high-risk groups are being prioritized. However, starting March 15th in California, cancer, kidney disease, pulmonary disease, organ transplant, pregnancy, obesity, diabetes, and severe disabilities will also be considered. The process for confirmation of these conditions outside of a doctor's office is not clear, as some institutions were planning on self-attestation but the state is taking over control. Patients are encouraged to register on the MyTurn California website and check weekly for updates on their eligibility. When discussing the side effects of IBD medications with patients, doctors emphasize the importance of considering the risk-benefit ratio. The risks of untreated IBD include surgery, steroids, cancer, disability, and even death. The choice to take medication should be weighed against these risks, and the majority of patients with mild disease can be effectively treated with low-risk agents.

    • Managing Crohn's disease with proper treatment reduces surgery needsVedalizumab, a safe and effective first-choice biologic for Crohn's disease, is associated with a lower need for surgery and no increased risk compared to a placebo. Biologics can be safely continued during pregnancy without increased harm to the infant, but more research is needed on the potential risks for children born via cesarean section.

      Crohn's disease patients have a high likelihood of needing surgery in their lifetime, but with proper management, the need for surgery can be reduced. Vedalizumab, a low-risk biologic, is a good first choice for treatment and has no increased risk compared to a placebo. Regarding pregnancy and inflammatory bowel disease, biologics can be safely continued throughout pregnancy without increased harm to the infant, and therapeutic drug monitoring is unnecessary for mothers in remission. However, there is a debate about the potential increased risk of immune-mediated diseases, including IBD, in children born via cesarean section. This risk is not significant for healthy mothers undergoing the procedure, but more research is needed to fully understand the connection.

    • Birth method's impact on long-term gut healthStudy suggests babies born vaginally may receive beneficial bacterial exposure, impacting long-term gut health. More research needed to understand mechanism and C-section's role in IBD development.

      The way a baby enters the world, through the birth canal or via C-section, may impact their long-term gut health. A study suggested that babies born vaginally may receive beneficial bacterial exposure that those born via C-section might not. However, the mechanism behind this is not entirely clear, and more research is needed. Additionally, the reason for the C-section and if it's related to the development of IBD is also a topic of ongoing investigation. Researchers, like Uma Mahadevan, encourage following their work on Twitter or by searching for UCSF IBD online. It's important to note that while this discussion sheds light on potential health implications, it does not replace professional medical advice. Always consult a healthcare provider for specific health concerns. The study also highlights the significance of gut microbiome diversity in overall health, starting from birth. This discovery emphasizes the importance of early exposure to beneficial bacteria for a healthy gut and, consequently, a healthy life. If you're interested in learning more about gut health, following researchers like Uma Mahadevan is a great start. You can find her on Twitter at Uma Mahadevan IBD, or visit UCSF IBD's website for ongoing research. Remember, maintaining a healthy gut starts from day one, and every little step towards better health matters.

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