RARECast

Earlier this year the Innovative Genomics Institute and the life sciences tools conglomerate Danaher launched a collaborative center to develop genome-editing therapies for rare and other diseases. The Danaher-IGI Beacon for CRISPR Cures seeks to address hundreds of diseases with a unified research, development, and regulatory approach. Their goal is to create a new model for the development of genomic medicines. We spoke to Fyodor Urnov, IGI’s director of technology and translation and director of the new Beacon center, about the evolution of gene editing technology, the challenges of a platform approach, and how the organization plans to share what it learns.

A serious adverse event in the first patient treated with an experimental genome editing therapy for sickle cell disease marked the beginning of the end for Graphite Bio. The company discontinued development of the treatment and eventually entered into a reverse merger with Lenz Therapeutics with a focus on improving vision. At the end of 2023, Kamau Therapeutics emerged from stealth following a strategic transaction with Graphite Bio that provided the new company with all of Graphite’s genome editing assets including next-generation platform technology and its lead program, a hematopoietic stem cell therapy engineered to restore adult hemoglobin by correcting a genetic mutation in people with sickle cell disease. We spoke to Matthew Porteus, co-founder of Graphite Bio and co-founder and CEO of Kamau Therapeutics, about the company’s genome editing technology, what’s now understood about the adverse event that occurred in the Graphite Bio clinical trial, and the development path forward for the therapy.

“Most Likely Not to…,” a musical comedy written and performed by people with the rare, neuromuscular condition spinal muscular atrophy, will make its world debut in New York City on World Rare Disease Day and be streamed live online. The show, part of Genentech’s SMA My Way awareness campaign, highlights the absurdities that people with disabilities often experience. We spoke to the show’s lead actress Shannon DeVido, and the show’s creative director Adam Pryor, about the play, living with SMA, and DeVido’s pursuit of a career as a performing artist despite having the condition.

Because of the rarity of childhood cancers, biopharmaceutical companies often don’t pursue therapies to treat these conditions. The problem is that precision therapies developed to treat adult patients often don’t easily translate into treatments for pediatric patients. Day One Biopharmaceuticals is developing targeted therapies to address childhood cancers and then seeks to partner with larger pharmaceutical companies who may be interested in developing them for adult indications. We spoke to Samuel Blackman, head of research and development for Day One Biopharmaceuticals, about childhood cancers, the need for precisions therapies, and Day One’s business model that makes targeting childhood cancers a priority.

RNA editing provides a way to address disease-causing mutations and modulate protein function. Korro Bio has developed platform technology that it says solves many of the challenges facing current gene therapy and gene editing approaches by harnessing the body’s natural RNA editing machinery to make precise, single-base RNA edits. We spoke to Ram Aiyar, president and CEO of Korro Bio, about the company’s RNA editing platform technology, how it works, and its initial focus on applying its approach to treat a rare liver disease.

Friedreich’s ataxia is a rare, genetic, degenerative disorder that affects multiple systems in the body. As the disease progresses, patients typically experience various heart conditions. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, fibrosis, heart failure, and arrhythmias are the cause of death in approximately two-thirds of Friedreich’s ataxia patients. Lexeo Therapeutics is developing a gene therapy to treat FA cardiomyopathy. We spoke to R. Nolan Townsend, CEO of Lexeo Therapeutics, about Friedreich’s ataxia, the company’s gene therapy in development, and its pursuit of gene therapies for both rare and common diseases.

Primary ciliary dyskinesia is a rare, genetic disease that arises from structural defects or the absence of the cilia lining of respiratory tract. This leads to mucus littered with trapped microbes, dust, and other debris getting caught in the airways, which can lead to permanent lung damage. Ethris is developing an inhaled mRNA therapy to get the body to produce a needed structural protein to restore normal cilia structure and function. We spoke to Thomas Langenickel, chief medical officer of Ethris, about how the company’s technology overcomes existing challenges for the therapeutic use of mRNA, its ability to deliver treatments directly to the lung, and its pipeline of therapies in development. 

Genome editing technologies are rapidly evolving, but existing approaches have limited capabilities. Tome Biosciences, which emerged from stealth in December 2023, said its programmable genomic integration technology enables the insertion of any genetic sequence of any size at any location in the genome with precision. The technology overcomes barriers in existing approaches and can enable the development of a single therapy for a monogenic disease across a wide range of variants. We spoke to Rahul Kakkar, president and CEO of Tome, about the company’s genome editing technology, how it works, and its potential to change what is possible with gene and cell therapies.

Despite existing laws and regulations intended to protect the rights of people with disabilities to fly on airlines, travelers with wheelchairs and medical equipment face obstacles to enjoying the freedom of movement others take for granted. Neglectful handling of equipment, lack of training, and failure to adequately accommodate these travelers have led to a public call for airlines to do more to recognize the rights of people with disabilities. We spoke to Global Genes’ Director of Community Engagement Daniel DeFabio and Founder and President of The Jansen’s Foundation Neena Nizar, about the challenges disabled airline passengers face, what the law says, and why this is a civil rights issue.

Key opinion leader and digital opinion leaders, terms the bioharmaceutical industry uses to identify influencers, play a critical communications role. They not only can help raise awareness and drive acceptance of innovative products, but also serve as a conduit to help inform companies about what matters to patients and doctors, give insights on clinical trial design and site selection, and help recruit patients for studies. Adnexi identifies and scores KOLs and DOLs in specific areas to help biopharmaceutical companies identify the critical influencers they need to seek out. We spoke to Sandra Shpilberg, co-founder and CEO of Adnexi, about the role KOLs and DOLs play, how Adnexi identifies and measures their influence, and what companies need to consider when engaging them.

Despite the prevalence of cancer, the vast majority of known cancers are rare and face the same type of treatment challenges as other rare diseases. David Hysong was diagnosed at the age of 27 with adenoid cystic carcinoma, a rare head and neck cancer, and that set him on the path to address the needs he saw in patients with these diseases. Hysong, founder and CEO of Shepherd Therapeutics, discusses his company’s use of AI to analyze individual patient’s tumor RNA, its efforts to match rare cancer patients to their best therapeutic options, and how it is using data captured from the transcriptome to develop new therapies for people with rare cancers. 

Hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn is a rare autoantibody condition for which there is no approved therapy. It causes the mother’s immune system to attack and breakdown the red blood cells in her fetus or newborn. It is one of more than 10 immunological and neurological indications for which Johnson & Johnson is developing its experimental monoclonal antibody nipocalimab. We spoke to Katie Abouzahr, vice president of the autoantibody portfolio and maternal fetal disease area leader for Johnson and Johnson, about hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn, the challenges of developing a therapy for a rare condition in pregnant women, and why nipocalimab has the potential to be a pipeline in a product.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a rare, genetic heart condition that has a disproportionate impact on people in the Black community because of socio-economic and access issues. Cytonkinetics' experimental therapy aficamten is in late-stage development to treat the condition, but it also reflects a long-term focus of the company to address health inequities. We spoke to Robert Blum, CEO of Cytokinetics, about hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, how the company has worked to build relationships in the black community to expand participation in clinical trials, and how it is thinking ahead to issues of access and affordability as it advances the drug towards the market.

The advent of genetic medicines is enabling the development of therapies that can repair or replace a faulty genetic sequence underlying a disease. WhiteLab Genomics has developed an AI-based platform to enable target discovery and design of DNA and RNA therapies in silico and shorten development times. We spoke to David Del Bourgo, CEO of WhiteLab Genomics, about its AI-platform technology, the data it uses, and its role in a consortium to develop highly specific vectors for genetic medicines.

Though many drug developers today are applying artificial intelligence and machine learning to accelerate and improve drug discovery, the results they produce, in part, may be limited to the quality of the data they are able to use. Nobias Therapeutics is not only using public and private data, but it boasts unique and proprietary access to one of the world’s largest and most diverse pediatric genomic data sets to drive insights into human biology. The company’s lead experimental therapy is a treatment for the rare condition 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, which is associated with a range of neuropsychiatric conditions. We spoke to Neil Inala, CEO of Nobias Therapeutics, about how AI is transforming drug discovery, the data Nobias is able to use to fuel its drug discovery, and the company’s experimental therapy for the neuropsychiatric conditions associated with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. 

Alex Nemiroff took an unusual path to becoming the general counsel at Praxis Precision Medicines. Nemiroff’s son was diagnosed with a rare genetic epilepsy, and he co-founded the biotechnology company RogCon to develop an antisense oligonucleotide to treat it. Praxis licensed the project and hired Nemiroff as its general counsel. Now, the company has released encouraging data from the first four evaluable patients in a clinical study of the experimental therapy. We spoke to Nemiroff, general counsel at Praxis Precision Medicines, about his journey as a parent of a child with a rare, genetic disease; how he came to launch a biotechnology company to develop a treatment for his son, and what other patient families looking to advance a therapy can learn from his experience.

Pazopanib, a targeted therapy marketed as Votrient, is used to treat certain cancers. The drug has shown promise as a potential treatment for the rare genetic blood vessel disorder hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), but when a change in ownership of the drug took place, efforts to develop the drug for HHT ended. That led the patient advocacy organization Cure HHT to step in and sponsor a phase 2/3 trial on its own. We spoke to Marianne Clancy, executive director and senior director of strategic partnerships for Cure HHT about the organization’s decision to sponsor a clinical trial, why it felt it was necessary to do, and what other patient organizations can learn from its experience.

The economic impact of a delayed diagnosis of a rare disease can result in up to $517,000 in avoidable costs per patient, according to a recent analysis from the Everylife Foundation for Rare Diseases and the Lewin Group. On average, the report found, it takes more than six years and nearly 17 doctor visits, hospitalizations, and other health-related trips, to receive a rare disease diagnosis after symptoms begin. Shortening the diagnostic odyssey saves money for individuals, caregivers, and the healthcare system, while improving health outcomes. We spoke to Annie Kennedy, chief of policy, advocacy, and patient engagement for the Everylife Foundation, about the diagnostic odyssey, the economic toll it takes, and what can be done to shorten the time to a diagnosis.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a rare neuromuscular disease that causes muscle degeneration and premature death. As the condition progresses, heart muscle cells die and are replaced with scar tissue. This leads to heart failure, which is currently the leading cause of death among people with Duchenne. Capricor Therapeutics is developing a therapy that uses caridosphere-derived cells from healthy human hearts to slow progression of the condition though their anti-inflammatory effects. We spoke to Linda Marban, CEO of Capricor Therapeutics, about Duchenne muscular dystrophy, the damage the condition does to the heart, and how the company’s experimental cell therapy modulates the immune system to control chronic inflammation caused by the disease.

While there have been significant advances in the treatment of the rare, neuromuscular condition spinal muscular atrophy, existing therapies that slow or halt progression of it don’t regenerate muscle that has been lost. Biohaven is developing a therapy designed to inhibit myostatin, a protein that regulates the growth of skeletal muscle growth. We spoke to Lindsey Lee Lair, Biohaven’s vice president of clinical development, about SMA, the progress we’ve seen in treating the condition, and the company’s efforts to develop a therapy to stimulate the growth of muscle mass and strength in people with the disease.