2022-05-27

Jamie Hartmann-Boyce and Nicola Lindson discuss emerging evidence in e-cigarette research and interview Neal Benowitz. In this episode Associate Professor Jamie Hartmann-Boyce and Dr Nicola Lindson discuss the emerging evidence in e-cigarette research and interview Professor Neal Benowitz. This podcast is a companion to the electronic cigarettes Cochrane living systematic review and shares the evidence from the monthly searches. Long description In the May episode Jamie Hartmann-Boyce talks with Neal Benowitz, Emeritus Professor at the University of California San Francisco, Professor Benowitz practices medicine, cardiology and clinical pharmacology and has a particular interest in tobacco as a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Professor Neal Benowitz talks to Associate Professor Jamie Hartmann-Boyce about the toxicological data from studies of e-cigarettes. He stresses the importance of comparing e-cigarette use to combustible cigarette use, as the exposure to biomarkers that we can measure is much lower in people who vape than in people who use combustible cigarettes. Professor Benowitz points out that many e-cigarette users have been long-term combustible cigarette users so it is difficult to separate out the effects of each. He highlights the need for longitudinal studies among people who have only used e-cigarettes and have not used combustible cigarettes. Professor Benowitz also discusses the need to look at the different types of e-cigarettes, there are many different products and toxicity will vary between the different e-cigarette devices. Jamie and Nicola discuss recent work comparing biomarkers of harm. Exclusive e-cigarette use was associated with lower levels of biomarkers of harm than exclusive use of combustible tobacco, or use of a combination of combustible tobacco. This work was funded by the Oxford University Public Policy Challenge Fund and Cancer Research UK. Jamie and Nicola also bring us up to date with the literature search conducted on May 1st 2022. The May search found 2 new studies, 3 new ongoing studies and 2 records linked to previously identified studies. We will include the studies we have found in future updates of the Cochrane review. For more information on the full Cochrane review updated in September 2021 see: https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD010216.pub6 or our webpage https://www.cebm.ox.ac.uk/research/electronic-cigarettes-for-smoking-cessation-cochrane-living-systematic-review-1

Dr Greg Walton and Dr Kate Orkin discuss 'wise interventions', and how social science can use this psychologically approach to understand the major problems in social life - poverty, social exclusion, child abuse, and discrimination. One of the key goals of social science is to understand and address the major problems in social life –poverty, social exclusion, child abuse, and discrimination. Different lenses offer different tools. In this podcast, Dr Greg Walton and Dr Kate Orkin discuss a distinctly social-psychological approach, called psychologically “wise” interventions. These interventions precisely address how people make sense of themselves, other people, and social situations. Greg talks about his work synthesizing this field and developing the theory underlying wise interventions. Kate talks about her work as a development economist applying these ideas to low-income settings in Ethiopia and Kenya. Greg and Kate have demonstrated that even brief interventions can have long lasting effects on educational and economic success, as well as on wellbeing, job satisfaction, and community involvement. References by speakers: • World Development Report 2015: Mind, Society, and Behavior (https://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/wdr2015) • Wise interventions database (https://www.wiseinterventions.org/), handbook (Walton, G. M., & Crum, A. J. (Eds.). (2020). Handbook of wise interventions. Guilford Publications), and Greg Walton’s work (http://gregorywalton-stanford.weebly.com/) • Ethiopia Aspirations study (https://mbrg.bsg.ox.ac.uk/mind-and-behaviour-projects/aspirations-and-forward-looking-behaviour-rural-ethiopia), Kenya Aspirations study (https://mbrg.bsg.ox.ac.uk/mind-and-behaviour-projects/cash-transfers-and-aspirational-videos-kenya) and Kate Orkin’s other work (https://sites.google.com/site/kateorkin/home) • Bugental, D. B., Ellerson, P. C., Lin, E. K., Rainey, B., Kokotovic, A., & O'Hara, N. (2002). A cognitive approach to child abuse prevention. Journal of Family Psychology, 16(3), 243. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12238408/ • Dr Greg Walton in conversation with Professor Anandi Mani at the Blavatnik School of Government https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=phu1yH42jn0&ab_channel=BlavatnikSchoolofGovernment • Bossuroy, T., Goldstein, M., Karimou, B., Karlan, D., Kazianga, H., Parienté, W., ... & Wright, K. A. (2022). Tackling psychosocial and capital constraints to alleviate poverty. Nature, 1-7. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-04647-8 • Digital Green, Ethiopia https://www.digitalgreen.org/ethiopia/ • Paluck, E. L. (2009). Reducing intergroup prejudice and conflict using the media: a field experiment in Rwanda. Journal of personality and social psychology, 96(3), 574. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19254104/ • Elizabeth Tipton, generalizability research https://www.bethtipton.com/ and the National Study of Learning Mindsets (https://studentexperiencenetwork.org/national-mindset-study/)

• Харьков опять подвергся ракетному обстрелу со стороны российских войск. Есть погибшие и раненые.

• Ожесточенные бои на востоке Украины.

• "Геноцид на Донбасе" - обвинение, которое обычно Путин озвучивает в отношении Украины. Но теперь Владимир Зеленский обвинил в том же самом Россию.

• Россия упростила процедуру получения российского гражданства на оккупированных украинских территориях, в Херсонской и Запорожской областях.

• Россия готова предоставить гуманитарные коридоры в Черном море, для украинских кораблей c зерном. В обмен на послабление санкций против России.

• Владимир Зеленский. Президент Украины. Бывший сатирик, а теперь – один из самых известных политиков в мире. Кто он и какую роль он играет в сегодняшней Украине, Европе, мире и в этой войне.

Ведущая программы: Нина Старцева
Репортёр: Виктория Ринкус