anishnaabe

References

1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Saginaw
2. Quebec Act 1774
3. https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/quebec-act
4. Sosin, J.M., ed. (1969). The Opening of the West. Harper & Row, New York. 
5. https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/pontiacs-war-feature
6. https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/treaty-of-ghent
7. https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/north-west-company
8. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hudsons-Bay-Company
9. Hallowell, A.I. (1992). The Ojibwa of Berens River, Manitoba: Ethnography into History. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publishers, Toronto. 
10. https://freesound.org/people/B0N3ZII/sounds/719121/
11. https://freesound.org/people/derplayer/sounds/587171/

Who was involved in the creation of the Canada-USA International Border? 
References

1. Treaty of 1818 - Wikipedia
2. Albert Gallatin - Wikipedia
3. United States House Committee on Ways and Means - Wikipedia
4. Richard Rush - Wikipedia
5. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rush–Bagot_Treaty
6. F. J. Robinson, 1st Viscount Goderich - Wikipedia
7. Henry Goulburn - Wikipedia
8. Secretary of State for War and the Colonies - Wikipedia
9. Secretary of State for the Colonies - Wikipedia
10. Border Crossing Issues and the Jay Treaty
11. Report on First Nation border crossing issues
12. The Borderline: Indigenous Communities on the International Frontier
13. Blackfoot Confederacy | The Canadian Encyclopedia
14. The British Columbia Triangle: Part 3/6 – Indian Legends of the Interior Plateau | Canada History and Mystery
15. Balkanize Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
16. https://web.archive.org/web/20090411212640/http://www.lexum.umontreal.ca/ca_us/en/cus.1818.15.en.html
17. Chippewa Travellers - round dance

Why do we discuss treaties so much? It's because knowing the treaties helps us  to understand what was happening at the time and how it relates to modern boundaries and politics.

References

1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:1814_treaties
2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Greenville_(1814)
3. http://treatiesmatter.org/treaties/land/1825-1830-Multinational
4. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Simcoe–Lake_Huron_Purchase
5. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaties_of_Portage_des_Sioux
6. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_St._Louis
7. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_St._Louis_(1816)
8. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Treaty_of_Prairie_du_Chien
9. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Treaty_of_Prairie_du_Chien
10. Waiser, B. (2005). Saskatchewan: A New History. Fifth House, Ltd. Calgary. 

YouTube

1. A push for roadside signs to mark treaty boundaries | APTN News
2. Dakota Exile | Full Documentary

Why do we have "Truth and Reconciliation Day"?


Sol Mamakwa -> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7vIIzjOkQdk&t=310s
Local News Radio -> https://www.rock94.com

Why is there a claim and why is it worth $95 Billion?



References

1. https://www.snnewswatch.com/local-news/group-of-treaty-9-communities-to-launch-legal-actions-against-feds-province-6909684
2. 2023-04-26_NH0426_Clip01_Treaty9Suit
3. Canadian PM Justin Trudeau on Banks, Climate, China, Russia
4. https://rcaanc-cirnac.gc.ca/eng/1100100028863/1581293189896
5. https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs/declaration-transcript
6. Long, John S. (2010). Treaty No.9: Making the Agreement to Share the Land in Far Northern Ontario in 1905. McGill-Queen’s University Press.

Seneca legend from the book "Star Songs and Water Spirits: a Great Lakes Reader," edited by Victoria Brehm (2011, p120, Ladyslipper Press, Michigan). The legend was documented in 1923 and told by Gawasowaneh (Big Snowflake, Arthur C. Parker, b1881-d1955).

From "Sacred Legends of the Sandy Lake Cree," by James Stevens, 1971, (McLelland and Stewart Ltd, Toronto, p.82).

Excerpt from "Sacred Legends of the Sandy Lake Cree," by James Stevens, 1971, p.83. (McClelland and Stewart, Ltd.)

Dene Legend

From "American Indian Myths and Legends," by Richard Erdoes and Alfonso Ortiz (Pantheon Books, 1984).

An overview of what Medicine Wheels are and how they can be used.

References

1. https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/medicine-wheels
2. Bell, N. (2014). Education Canada. “Teaching the Medicine Wheel.” Retrieved from https://www.edcan.ca/articles/teaching-by-the-medicine-wheel/
3. Bender, Herman. (2008). Medicine Wheels or "Calendar Sites": Indian Time or the Space/Time Continuum. Time and Mind. 1. 195-206. 10.2752/175169708X309806. 
4. Brown, Lionel. (1963). The Fort Smith Medicine Wheel, Montana. Plains Anthropologist. 8. 225-230. 10.1080/2052546.1963.11908351. 
5. Brumley, J. (1988). Medicine Wheels on the Northern Plain: a Summary and Appraisal. Ethos Consultuants, Ltd. Retrieved from https://open.alberta.ca/publications/medicine-wheels-on-the-northern-plains-a-summary-and-appraisal
6. Cookson, C. (2020). The 9 types of Medicine Wheels in Alberta. Webpage. Retrieved from https://emberarchaeology.ca/the-9-types-of-medicine-wheels-in-alberta/
7. https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/shaking-tent 
8. https://news.umanitoba.ca/look-to-the-medicine-wheel-for-mental-health-elders-advise-in-first-nations-study/ 
9. Marsh, Teresa Naseba, Diana Coholic, Sheila Cote-Meek, and Lisa M Najavits. (2015). “Blending Aboriginal and Western healing methods to treat intergenerational trauma with substance use disorder in Aboriginal peoples who live in Northeastern Ontario, Canada.” Harm Reduction Journal 12 (1): 14. doi:10.1186/s12954-015-0046-1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12954-015-0046-1.
10. https://www.nlm.nih.gov/nativevoices/exhibition/healing-ways/medicine-ways/medicine-wheel.html
11. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326016844_Twin_Peaks_Medicine_Wheel_EcOp-51_on_Canadian_Forces_Base_Suffield
12. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235197042_Archeology_and_Native_American_Religion_at_the_Leon_River_Medicine_Wheel
13. Saskatchewanderer. Pheasant Rump First Nation -Medicine Wheel
14. https://americanindian.si.edu/collections-search/objects/NMAI_24751?destination=edan_searchtab%3Fpage%3D6%26edan_q%3Dsun 
15. https://www.treasurenet.com/threads/medicine-wheel-in-wisconsin.330454/ 
16. Wanuskewin Heritage Park https://wanuskewin.com/our-story/archaeological/
17. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuwipi
18. Medicine Teachings with Elder Francis Whiskeyjack

An overview of the Bear Clan Patrol, and some info about Totems. 

1. About - Bear Clan
2. ​​Anishinaabe clan system - Wikipedia
3. The Mishomis Book, Chapter 10 - The Clan System
4. Bear Clan volunteers find hundreds of needles, mountains of garbage on inner-city Winnipeg patrols | CBC News
5. Bear Clan's youth patrol shows kids 'a better way of life,' organizer says | CBC News
6. City taps fire hydrants, Bear Clan Patrol handing out water amid extreme heat | CTV News
7. Bear Clan Group in Edmonton upset with treatment by mall security - CFWE
8. Bear Clan board has 'made a huge mess,' ousted executive director James Favel says | CBC News

Sound Effects from Freesound.Org:
https://freesound.org/people/hedonfire/sounds/647450/
https://freesound.org/people/Krishmeister/sounds/413241/

YouTube:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ASzFs4_4kvk
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eXoA7ZjyRJI&t=31s

Skills development takes time.  And life is a meandering river. 

The pen is mightier than the sword! Hear the words written that "surrendered" large swathes of the northern shores of Lake Superior. This treaty was the prototype for later "numbered treaties" of the late 1800s and early 1900s.

https://www.rcaanc-cirnac.gc.ca/eng/1100100028978/1581293296351

I've been thinking about this for a while. 

Some of my thoughts on a couple of recent news articles. 

Why is copper important?

Holidays can be a struggle. Sometimes everyday is. But we can heal. Happy solstice!

Thank you for listening!

From the Stone Age to the Space Age, land use has shaped human behaviour. We say we've evolved, and yet...

The Treaties are controversial. Why? And how have the treaties, plus other legislation, been used to keep First Nations impoverished?

Alcohol hasn't been good for Anishnaabe people. Its effects can hit people hard.