cognitive dissonance

After we make a decision, we often tell ourselves a story about why our choice was the right one to make. It's a mental process that psychologist Elliot Aronson calls self-justification. These rationalizations can sometimes lead us to excuse bad behavior or talk ourselves out of a poor choice. But are there also times when self-justification can be used for good? 

This is the second part of our series on cognitive dissonance. Listen to the first episode: How We Live with Contradictions.

Think about the last time you did something you knew was wrong. How did you explain your actions to yourself? All of us tell stories about why we do the things we do. We justify our failures, and come up with plausible explanations for our actions. This week, Elliot Aronson explains the mental processes behind this type of self-justification, and shares how he helped develop one of the most widely-known concepts in psychology: cognitive dissonance.

If you're interested in learning more about the origins of cognitive dissonance, listen to our episode When You Need It To Be True. 

Do you like the ideas and insights we feature on Hidden Brain? Then please consider supporting our work by joining our new podcast subscription, Hidden Brain+. You can find it in the Apple Podcasts app, or by going to apple.co/hiddenbrain. Thanks! 

In Episode 114,  The ADHD Adults discuss cognitive dissonance, or holding conflicting beliefs, thoughts and actions.  As usual, Alex the Psycho.......education Monkey drones on about the 'evidence' on the subject, all three  ADHD adults give their personal reflections on the theme and provide 'top tips' on the topic.  'What has James lost, forgotten or mislaid this week?" returns with Alex annoyingly still in the lead, and Alex reads the usual 'definitely real' correspondence. Mrs ADHD has no idea what is going on, James Googles a Zimbabwean woodpecker and Alex recognises jizz...

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When we want something very badly, it can be hard to see warning signs that might be obvious to other people. This week, we revisit a favorite episode from 2021, bringing you two stories about how easy it can be to believe in a false reality — even when the facts don’t back us up. 

If you missed it, make sure to listen to last week's episode on how to turn a "no" into a "yes." And if you enjoy the show and would like to help us make more episodes of Hidden Brain, please consider supporting our work. Thanks! 

Compartmentalization is like a home electrical panel that separates power into different zones. It allows us to separate the charge carried by ideas, feelings, and actions without risking system overload. Compartmentalization lets us express concern about climate change yet fly overseas for a family vacation or care about animal rights and ignore factory farming. Such incompatible values and incongruent reasoning usually bypass the zone wired for emotional activation, allowing many daily activities and attitudes to operate smoothly. At the other end of the spectrum, compartmentalization can become denial, hypocrisy, or pathology, as when someone professing religious dedication engages in immoral or illegal practices. Our psychic wiring operates automatically much of the time in the interest of waking life governance, protecting us from the circuitry overload of indecision, doubt, and disorder. We also have the capacity to reflect on our values and activities, bringing them to consciousness and choice. 

Here’s the dream we analyzed:

“I am seeing this scene from the sky. There is a city in a desert. This city looks like a Mihrab or a prayer rug. It is like a niche, and it has a circle in its center. In my dream, at the top of this niche, there is a hidden or a secret door. Only some can go through this door, which opens to an exclusive world/chambers. I see a Monk in black robes going through the city and through this door. Then I hear, “the name of this city is Minoo.”

 [In all of the ancient world, including South Asia, when they spoke of “City,” they meant Minoo. Cities in dreams are also Minoo, an old Farsi word that means the heavens or realm of spirit. Mihrabs in ancient Persia were the birthplace of the Sun. They were caves where the goddess Anahita, the great water deity, gave birth to her son Mithra. Anahita was the original virgin mother, some scholars believe. These Mihrabs were often caves with water running through them and were temples of worship of Mithra and his mother.]

REFERENCES:

Carl Jung. Memories, Dreams, Reflections. https://www.amazon.com/dp/B004FYZK52/ref=cm_sw_em_r_mt_dp_RP4X5WF6HJTZXKNS280D

Mihrab: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mihrab

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It’s obvious that our preferences guide our choices, but do our choices also determine our preferences? In this classic episode, join Robert and Joe as they explore this question with the help of a half-century of psychological research and reminiscences concerning Sonic the Hedgehog and Metallica. (originally published 12/24/2020)

See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

When we want something very badly, it can be hard to see warning signs that might be obvious to other people. This week, we bring you two stories about how easy it can be to believe in a false reality — even when the facts don’t back us up.

If you like our work, please consider supporting it! See how you can help at support.hiddenbrain.org. And to learn more about human behavior and ideas that can improve your life, subscribe to our newsletter at news.hiddenbrain.org.

Your brain is outsmarting you every single day. In this episode, I will explain how to regain control over your brain so you can be the best version of yourself.

Follow me on IG for more inspiration: https://instagram.com/robdialjr

Personal responsibility, the ability to own up to one's mistakes, is a foundational element of character. It's also the only way we can grow and get better. But as anyone with any experience being human well understands, dang, it sure can be hard to do.

My guest today explains why, and how you can yet rise to meet this important challenge. His name is Elliot Aronson, and he's a social psychologist and the co-author of Mistakes Were Made (But Not By Me): Why We Justify Foolish Beliefs, Bad Decisions, and Hurtful Acts. Elliot first explains how and why we engage in self-justification to avoid facing our mistakes, and how this process is driven by the phenomenon of cognitive dissonance. We then discuss how once you make a decision in a certain direction, good or bad, you become more entrenched in your attitude about it and more likely to continue down that same path, and how this phenomenon represents what Elliot calls "the pyramid of choice." We end our conversation with how we can learn to approach the mistakes of others with more generosity, and our own mistakes with more honesty.

Get the show notes at aom.is/mistakes.

It’s obvious that our preferences guide our choices, but do our choices also determine our preferences? Join Robert and Joe as they explore this question with the help of a half-century of psychological research and reminiscences concerning Sonic the Hedgehog and Metallica.

See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Renowned social psychologists Carol Tavris and Elliot Aronson are the co-authors of Mistakes Were Made (But Not By Me), a book which explores the science of cognitive biases and discusses how the human brain is wired for self-justification. In this episode, Carol and Elliot discuss how our desire to reconcile mental conflicts adversely affects many aspects of society. The two give real-world examples to demonstrate the pitfalls in attempts to reduce mental conflict, or dissonance. The examples reveal that no one is immune to dissonance reduction behavior, how intellectual honesty can be trained and lastly, how to think critically in order to avoid engaging in harmful dissonant behaviors.

We discuss:

• Carol and Elliot’s respective background, collaboration history, and their decision to write Mistakes Were Made (But Not By Me) [4:00];
• The theory of cognitive dissonance, and real examples of dissonance reduction in action [11:15];
• How Elliot advanced the theory of cognitive dissonance [23:00];
• The evolutionary reason for dissonance reduction, and cultural differences in what causes cognitive dissonance [30:30];
• The great danger of smart, powerful people engaging in dissonance reduction [35:15];
• Two case studies of cognitive dissonance in criminal justice [39:30];
• The McMartin preschool case study—The danger in making judgements before knowing all the information [43:30];
• How ideology distorts science and public opinion [56:30];
• How time distorts memories [58:30];
• The downside of certainty [1:05:30];
• Are we all doomed to cognitive dissonance?—How two people with similar beliefs can diverge [1:09:00];
• Cognitive dissonance in the police force [1:21:00];
• A toolkit for overcoming cognitive dissonance [1:27:30];
• Importance of separating identity from beliefs, thinking critically, & and the difficulty posed by political polarity [1:30:30];
• How to impart the lessons from their work into future generations [1:48:00]; and
• More.

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Show notes page for this episode: https://peterattiamd.com/caroltavris-elliotaronson/ 

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"Don't ever tell yourself you can't do anything because you can't do everything." - Matthew Hussey
If you enjoyed this episode, check out show notes and more at http://lewishowes.com/512

Apocalyptic Love Affair: Human beings are in love with the end. Ruined cities fill our dreams, and fears steers our thoughts through landscapes of bones and zombie hordes. In this episode, Robert and Julie examine the cognitive science behind our apocalyptic love affair. Image: From Bruegel the Elder's "The Triumph of Death." (Imagno/Getty Images)

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The human brain strives to organize and classify sensory information. But what happens when new information conflicts with pre-existing data? Tune in as Julie and guest host Ben explore the fascinating phenomenon known as cognitive dissonance.

See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.