complexly

Tangents' annual descent into horror returns with Trick or Treat Month! And this time, we brought some fiendish friends along! Join us for a whole month of spooky themes and special guest stars! 

Trick or Treat Month reaches it's horrific, blood-soaked conclusion! And who better to help us wade through the pools of gore than Dr. Sydnee and Justin McElroy, co-hosts of the medical history podcast Sawbones? No one, that's who!

Want more Sydnee and Justin? Check out https://www.blectar.com to find the whole McElroy family of podcasts, including Sawbones!

Get your extra-scary SciShow Tangents Halloween Decal here! Tell 'em Spooky Sam sent you!

SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! 

Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!

And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!

A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Tom Mosner for helping to make the show possible!

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

[This or That]

Round 1 - Bat tongue

https://www.livescience.com/52305-bat-tongues-move-like-human-bowels.html

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.1500525

Round 2 - Ground finch beak

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/why-some-darwins-finches-evolved-drink-blood-180976814/

https://www.jstor.org/stable/2408396?origin=crossref

https://microbiomejournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40168-018-0555-8

https://gizmodo.com/meet-the-worlds-most-amiable-vampire-the-hood-mockingb-1742955703

Round 3 - Snail proboscis 

https://bmcgenomics.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12864-015-1648-4.pdf

https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=527497

https://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/techniques/fluorescence/gallery/snailradulalarge.html

https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.2307/1541716

Round 4 - Possum tongue

https://www.dcceew.gov.au/sites/default/files/env/pages/a117ced5-9a94-4586-afdb-1f333618e1e3/files/33-ind.pdf

https://www.uwa.edu.au/study/-/media/Faculties/Science/Docs/Features-of-the-honey-possum.pdf

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00360-011-0632-9

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s003600050257

https://www.bushheritage.org.au/species/honey-possum

Round 5 - Egg Substitute

https://nordicfoodlab.wordpress.com/2014/01/07/2013-9-blood-and-egg/#_ftn4

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology/albumin

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/egg-albumen

[Ask the Science Couch]

Blood donation, IVs, & venepuncture

https://www.fi.edu/heart/blood-vessels

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK138671/

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/median-cubital-vein

https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1161/01.res.22.6.737

https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/tests/arterial-stick

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK138661/

https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/clinicalproceduresforsaferpatientcaretrubscn/chapter/8-6-infusing-iv-fluids-by-gravity-or-an-electronic-infusion-device-pump/

[Butt One More Thing]

Snakes and cloacal autohemorrhaging 

https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/florida-snake-id/snake/eastern-hog-nosed-snake/

https://www.sciencedirect.com/sdfe/pdf/download/eid/3-s2.0-B9780323482530001719/first-page-pdf

https://www.cresosnake.com/kingsnakes

Tangents' annual descent into horror returns with Trick or Treat Month! And this time, we brought some fiendish friends along! Join us for a whole month of spooky themes and special guest stars!

From out of the pumpkin patch rises author, YouTuber, and podcaster Jackson Bird, here to thrill us with terrifying tales of the scariest produce of all: gourds! From pumpkins to watermelon, this versatile family of fruits nourishes and terrifies in equal measure!

Get your extra-scary SciShow Tangents Halloween Decal here! Tell 'em Spooky Sam sent you!

Looking for more Jackson Bird? You can buy his book, Sorted, listen to his podcast, Cool Stuff Ride Home, or check him out on YouTube! And if you want to know what this waffle business we were talking about is, check out his series Will It Waffle?!

SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! 

Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!

And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!

A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley and Tom Mosner for helping to make the show possible!

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

[Truth or Fail]

Squash bees and poison pollen

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7033150/

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666515821000147

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33998650/

https://lopezuribelab.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/SquashBeeBooklet-WEB_VERSION_FINAL.pdf

Field mice and cool cucumbers

https://horticulture.oregonstate.edu/oregon-vegetables/cucumbers-slicing-fresh-market

https://fns-prod.azureedge.us/sites/default/files/tn/sfsm_opguide.pdf

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC396419/pdf/plntphys00196-0020.pdf

Crickets and bottle gourd instruments

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00606086

https://www.amentsoc.org/insects/glossary/terms/stridulation/

https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/what-are-cricket-gourds

[Ask the Science Couch]

Gourd cross-pollination

https://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/newsletters/hortupdate/hortupdate_archives/2005/apr05/Melons.html

https://extension.sdstate.edu/saving-seed-pumpkins-squash-cucumbers-melons-and-gourds

https://hortnews.extension.iastate.edu/cross-pollination-between-vine-crops

https://hortnews.extension.iastate.edu/faq/will-cucumbers-cross-pollinate-other-vine-crops

[Butt One More Thing]

Aardvark cucumbers & dung piles

https://ulovane.co.za/2017/03/16/ulovane-update-aardvark-cucumber/

https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA00423203_2648

Carbon gets a pretty bad rap these days, what with global climate change and, but every living thing on Earth owes their very existence to this multitalented little element! And heck, that's not even all it does! Click play to find out more. 

SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! 

Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangentsto find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!

And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!

A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley, Tom Mosner, Daisy Whitfield, and Allison Owen for helping to make the show possible!

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

[Trivia Question] Gigatons of carbon in the atmosphere https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/736161 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/336261451_A_Framework_for_Understanding_Whole-Earth_Carbon_Cycling/link/5d99c82da6fdccfd0e7bd8b6/download [Fact Off] Spider/silkworm silk reinforced by carbon https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1806805115 https://www.digitaltrends.com/cool-tech/spiders-graphene-silk/ https://newatlas.com/bionic-spider-silk-graphene/50908/ https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/09/170915165253.htm https://phys.org/news/2016-10-silkworms-fed-carbon-nanotubes-graphene.html https://futurism.com/graphene-fed-silkworms-produce-a-super-strong-silk-that-conducts-electricity https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b03597 Carbon foam made from burnt (pyrolyzed) bread https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/materials-science/foam-material https://www.acsh.org/news/2016/07/08/burnt-bread-makes-an-excellent-carbon-foam https://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/acsami.6b03985 https://www.fs.usda.gov/features/revolutionary-carbon-foam-wood https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S016523701630256X http://www.cfoam.com/wp-content/uploads/Carbon-Foams-amp16111p029-3.pdf [Ask the Science Couch] Eating carbon (pure forms, organic compounds that are/aren’t toxic) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5307002/ ​​https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002817.htm https://www.livescience.com/34190-what-happens-when-you-swallow-a-diamond.html http://www.nanomedicine.com/NMIIA/15.1.1.htm https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/natural-toxins-in-food https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Anatomy_and_Physiology/Book%3A_Human_Anatomy_and_Physiology_Preparatory_Course_(Liachovitzky)/03%3A_Molecular_Level-_Biomolecules_the_Organic_Compounds_Associated_With_Living_Organisms/3.01%3A_Organic_Compounds https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ershdb/emergencyresponsecard_29750019.html

Cars need it, trains need it, and guess what? People need it, too! Can you deduce the answer to my devious riddle? That's right, it's fuel! Fill up your tank, cause we're going on a trip to learn all about the things that keep other things going, from coal to tuna sandwiches and everything in between!

SciShow Tangents is on YouTube! Go to www.youtube.com/scishowtangents to check out this episode with the added bonus of seeing our faces! 

Head to www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!

And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!

A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Garth Riley, Tom Mosner, Daisy Whitfield, and Allison Owen for helping to make the show possible!

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

[Trivia Question]

New York Times rocket fuel correction

https://www.nasa.gov/feature/95-years-ago-goddard-s-first-liquid-fueled-rocket

https://www.nytimes.com/2001/11/14/news/150th-anniversary-1851-2001-the-facts-that-got-away.html

[Fact Off]

Nuclear cars

https://www.greencarreports.com/news/1066000_txchnologist-thorium-lasers-thoroughly-plausible-for-nuclear-cars

https://www.thedrive.com/news/41103/heres-why-the-nuclear-powered-1958-ford-nucleon-never-entered-production

https://www.autoweek.com/news/a1988761/are-laser-powered-cars-our-future/

Fuel cell breathalyzers 

https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-do-batteries-store-an/

https://www.energy.gov/eere/fuelcells/fuel-cells

https://www.mcgill.ca/oss/article/did-you-know-history/breathalyzer-there-was-drunkometer

https://blog.history.in.gov/tag/breathalyzer/

https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/06/breathalyzers-of-the-future-today/277249/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5857179/

[Ask the Science Couch]

Chlorophyll in photovoltaic cells/solar power

https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_Report.cfm?Lab=NCER&dirEntryId=187266

http://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/motm/chlorophyll/chlorophyll_h.htm

https://opentextbc.ca/biology/chapter/5-2-the-light-dependent-reactions-of-photosynthesis/

https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-01673-w

https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/plants-versus-photovoltaics-at-capturing-sunlight/

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/762519

[Butt One More Thing]

Human waste converted into biomethane fuel

https://www.npr.org/2016/01/01/461692939/from-poop-to-power-colorado-explores-new-sources-of-renewable-energy

https://www.cnet.com/roadshow/news/fart-powered-vw-beetle-tested-in-uk/

Turns out we needed a week off to recuperate from all the Halloween festivities, so please enjoy this very old episode about Flightless Birds in the meantime! Thanks for listening, and we'll see you next week!

Don't forget to pick up a few hundred thousand new SciShow Tangents stickers, featuring our new logo!

Head to https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!

A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Eclectic Bunny and Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

Time to take a big ol’ sip of science knowledge as we dive deep on that good, wet stuff we call water! 

Head to https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to see some great pictures from Ceri’s Fact Off fact, and to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!

A big thank you to Patreon subscribers Eclectic Bunny and Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreen

[Fact Off]

Wet water (to fight fires)

https://www.biolinscientific.com/blog/what-is-a-wetting-agent-and-where-are-they-used

https://www.fireengineering.com/leadership/fighting-fires-with-wet-water/#gref

https://childrensmuseumatlanta.org/blog/how-does-water-put-out-a-fire/

http://fcfsd.com/wetting-agents.html

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10694-016-0640-0

Water to air communication

https://news.mit.edu/2018/wireless-communication-through-water-air-0822

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/489210

[Ask the Science Couch]

Water conducting electricity

https://www.usgs.gov/special-topic/water-science-school/science/conductivity-electrical-conductance-and-water

https://www.usgs.gov/special-topic/water-science-school/science/water-universal-solvent

https://www.sciencealert.com/after-centuries-scientists-have-finally-figured-out-how-water-conducts-electricity

https://science.sciencemag.org/content/354/6316/1131

[Butt One More Thing]

Hippo poop water

https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/05/hippos-poop-so-much-that-sometimes-all-the-fish-die/560486/

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-04391-6

This week, the Science Couch is more like the Science Operating Table. Get ready to have 33 minutes of pure, surgery-inspired science implanted directly into your brain, stat!

A note about this week’s episode: Ceri is moving, and the room she normally records in is completely empty. That’s why she sounds like she’s lost in space. Sorry about that!

Head to the link below to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents

A big thank you to Patreon subscriber Eclectic Bunny for helping to make the show possible!

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreen

Sources:

[Fact Off]

Burn healing surgeries

https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/burns

https://www.jstor.org/stable/3408118

https://www.americanjournalofsurgery.com/article/S0002-9610(35)90119-2/fulltext

https://www.nature.com/articles/125058a0.pdf

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/003591574003400104

https://parjournal.net/article/view/1881/1348

https://nzhistory.govt.nz/people/sir-archibald-mcindoe

Video Game Surgeons 

https://www.medtechdive.com/news/robotic-surgeries-surge-to-15-of-all-procedures-despite-limited-evidence/570370/

https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2021-04/uoo-hfa040121.php

[Ask the Science Couch]

Organ transplant DNA

https://www.sciencefocus.com/the-human-body/does-the-dna-of-a-transplanted-organ-change-to-that-of-the-recipient/

https://www.genome.gov/27544325/using-dna-sequencing-to-detect-early-organ-transplant-rejection

https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Cyclosporin-A

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18290564/

https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/organ-transplants-without-life-long-drugs

[Butt One More Thing]

Louis XIV’s anal fistula 

https://tidsskriftet.no/2016/08/sun-kings-anal-fistula

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1043148914000566

This week, we’re joined by scientist and podcaster Amanda Wacker to talk about DNA, the building blocks of life! A blueprint for building a living thing, even!

Webster’s dictionary defines DNA as “any of various nucleic acids that are usually the molecular basis of heredity, are constructed of a double helix held together by hydrogen bonds.” I define it as the little wiggly guys inside us that make our cells and stuff. We’re both right, in our own way.

If you want more Amanda Wacker, check out her podcast, Triplicates! And check her out on Twitter: @AstroAma!

Head to the link below to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents

A big thank you to Patreon subscriber Eclectic Bunny for helping to make the show possible!

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreen

If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:

[Ask the Science Couch]

Gene expression & cell type

https://www.cirm.ca.gov/our-progress/advanced-how-does-stem-cell-%E2%80%9Cknow%E2%80%9D-what-become

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK26885/

https://www.cell.com/trends/cell-biology/fulltext/S0962-8924(20)30059-3

https://www.discovermagazine.com/health/our-cells-are-filled-with-junk-dna-heres-why-we-need-it

https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-05462-w

[Butt One More Thing]

Pooprints

https://www.cnbc.com/2018/12/19/pooprints-brings-in-millions-testing-dog-poop-dna-to-snag-non-scoopers.html

Sticky seems easy, right? You step on gum, it sticks to your shoe, You put glue on paper, it sticks to other paper. It just works! But it turns out stickiness is one of those sneaky, impossible-to-explain science things that involves physics and atoms and stuff!

Head to the link below to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents

A big thank you to Patreon subscriber Eclectic Bunny for helping to make the show possible!

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreen

If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:

[Fact Off]

Exploding ant butts with toxic goo

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1A_nAQosWmC5o_jepXNJ0oc3RacjLK5qe1groWg34bL4/edit?usp=sharing

https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/animals-ants-borneo-exploding-defense?loggedin=true

https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/23/science/exploding-ants.html

https://zookeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=22661

Sticky rice mortar

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar9001944

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11431-008-0317-0

https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/pressroom/newsreleases/2010/may/revealing-the-ancient-chinese-secret-of-sticky-rice-mortar.html

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemistry/amylopectin

[Ask the Science Couch]

Frog tongues

https://www.theguardian.com/science/2017/feb/01/special-spit-is-the-secret-of-uniquely-sticky-frog-tongues-study-reveals

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5332565/

Picture of finger: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5332565/figure/RSIF20160764F1/

[Butt One More Thing]

Sucker-bum squid

https://australian.museum/blog-archive/science/sucker-bum-squid-and-other-intriguing-molluscs

G'day, mate! This week, we’re taking a trip Down Under (and to South, Central, and North America) to meet our weird mammalian cousins with built-in cargo pockets, the marsupials! 

Head to the link below to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter! https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents

A big thank you to Patreon subscriber Eclectic Bunny for helping to make the show possible!

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreen

If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:

Antechinus mating

https://www.wired.com/story/antechinus-climate-change/

https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/why-a-little-mammal-has-so-much-sex-that-it-disintegrates

https://www.livescience.com/51083-photos-antechinus-new-species.html

https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-08-17/search-for-endangered-antechinus-after-bushfires-on-gold-coast/12564958

Alaskan marsupial fossil

https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2019-02/uoaf-ndm021819.php

https://phys.org/news/2019-02-ancient-night-marsupial-months-winter.html

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14772019.2018.1560369

https://www.app.pan.pl/article/item/app52-217.html  

https://www.blm.gov/sites/blm.gov/files/documents/files/PublicRoom_AK_Dinosaurs-on-NorthSlope_booklet_2018.pdf

https://www.npca.org/articles/1822-the-only-marsupial-in-u-s-national-parks

[Ask the Science Couch]

Pouch cleaning 

https://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/14/science/how-do-female-kangaroos-keep-their-pouches-clean.html

https://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2004/08/05/1168902.htm

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5339227/

[Butt One More Thing]

Opossums and smelling dead

https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/544902/facts-about-opossums

https://animals.howstuffworks.com/mammals/opossums-so-darn-ugly-theyre-adorable.htm

It’s our 100th episode! And to celebrate our migration from double- to triple-digits, we’re talking about… animal migration... Ok, we forgot it was our 100th episode. But this is still a great episode!

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Stefan: @itsmestefanchin Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreen

If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:

[Truth or Fail]

Arrow Stork

https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/76208/how-stork-solved-scientific-mystery

https://www.realclearscience.com/blog/2018/02/19/the_weirdest_ideas_about_bird_migration.html

https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/zoological-collection-of-the-university-of-rostock

https://labandfield.wordpress.com/2013/11/03/bird_migration/

[Fact Off]

American and European eel migration

https://www.jstor.org/stable/2449503?seq=3#metadata_info_tab_contents

https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-37563100

https://jeb.biologists.org/content/208/7/1329

https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms9705

https://www.discovermagazine.com/planet-earth/mystery-of-the-vanishing-eels

https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/2/10/e1501694

https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/sargassosea.html

Army ant bivouac 

[Ask the Science Couch]

Forest migration

https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/BorealMigration

https://www.npr.org/2020/07/28/896030567/believe-it-or-not-forests-migrate-but-not-fast-enough-for-climate-change

https://daily.jstor.org/the-incredible-moving-forest/

[Butt One More Thing]

Starling poop 

https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-01-05/rome-is-drowning-in-the-droppings-of-a-million-migrating-starlings

Monster Month bursts from the grave with one last shocking surprise! Enjoy this audio adventure through a haunted house, as Scary Ceri guides you through some of the spookiest sounds around! Be sure to wear your… deadphones! Ha ha ha ha ha!

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Stefan: @itsmestefanchin Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreen

If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:

[Definition]

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3181681/

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00761/full

[Natural Sounds]

https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/out-the-ooze/201511/what-makes-house-feel-haunted

https://www.businessinsider.com/why-horror-films-scary-fear-neuroscience-psychology-2016-10

https://www.quora.com/Why-is-the-wolf-howling-effect-used-in-horror-movies

https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2015/07/why-screams-are-so-scary

https://www.nyu.edu/about/news-publications/news/2015/july/researchers-find-the-acoustic-signature-of-screams.html

https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(15)00737-X

[Music]

https://slate.com/culture/2012/06/in-scientific-studies-of-music-whats-missing-is-the-culture.html

https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full/10.1098/rsbl.2012.0374

https://arstechnica.com/science/2016/07/the-jaws-theme-might-not-be-scary-for-tsimane-people/

https://mcgovern.mit.edu/2020/06/16/universal-musical-harmony/

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-16448-6

https://qz.com/quartzy/1429949/devils-interval-what-makes-music-sound-scary/

[Extreme Highs & Lows]

https://www.newscientist.com/article/2123018-the-feeling-you-get-when-nails-scratch-a-blackboard-has-a-name/

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00131/full

https://scienceline.org/2011/10/why-do-we-hate-the-sound-of-nails-on-a-chalkboard/

http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Sound/infrasound.html

http://www.nbcnews.com/id/3077192#.X2kUu5NKhxw

http://www.richardwiseman.com/resources/ghost-in-machine.pdf

https://web.archive.org/web/20110929142806/http://www.psy.herts.ac.uk/ghost/Something-in-the-Cellar.pdf

[Butt One More Thing]

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11031-018-9673-7#Sec14

https://www.livescience.com/62165-how-to-overcome-embarrassment-fart-study.html  

Monster Month meets its ghoulish end, and we’re throwing it a swinging wake! This week, all the monsters we didn’t talk about during the rest of October come together for a great big Monster Mash!

Halloween is my favorite time of year, and this one has been more than a little weird. But working on Monster Month helped make up for some of the creepy fun I'm missing out on, and I hope it did the same for you!

RIP Monster Month! For now...

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Stefan: @itsmestefanchin Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreen

If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:

[Truth or Fail]

King Kong suit experiments

https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(15)00946-X

https://www.livescience.com/52209-apes-remember-ancitipate-scary-movie-scenes.html

Thieving puppet experiment

https://www.manchester.ac.uk/discover/news/research-with-thieving-puppets-demonstrates-toddlers-caring-sides/

Parrots wasting food

https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/02/science/why-parrots-waste-food.html

Social interaction puppet experiment

https://munewsarchives.missouri.edu/news-releases/2015/0210-babies-can-identify-complex-social-situations-and-react-accordingly-2/

[Fact Off]

Birdcatcher tree

https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-tropical-ecology/article/dispersal-and-germination-of-seeds-of-pisonia-grandis-an-indopacific-tropical-tree-associated-with-insular-seabird-colonies/60178D05BB8FFDED4565F2EB72E9061D

https://www.sciencealert.com/this-tree-seems-to-kill-birds-just-for-the-heck-of-it

https://www.academia.edu/16969627/_Birdlime_Sticky_Entrapments_in_Renaissance_Literature_

https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/this-tree-lures-birds-with-a-free-lunch-and-then-kills-them/2017/03/31/27aa04c0-1309-11e7-9e4f-09aa75d3ec57_story.html

https://www.theargus.co.uk/news/16882829.birds-killed-illegal-glue-traps-horsham-nature-reserve/

Bloodsucking (Capri Son) ant

https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-12/uoia-dap120618.php

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v9dsINb64Q0&feature=youtu.be&ab_channel=AntLab

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/dracula-ants-snapping-jaws-are-fastest-known-appendage-any-animal-180971061/#:~:text=According%20to%20Hannah%20Devlin%20of,them%20%E2%80%9Cfull%20of%20holes.%E2%80%9D

https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/running-ponies/shadow-labyrinth-mirror-new-species-of-child-eating-dracula-ants-get-cool-ninja-names/

https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2014-03/pp-snd032814.php

[Ask the Science Couch]

Organ transplants

https://www.cedars-sinai.org/programs/transplant-center/programs/kidney-pancreas/abo-incompatibility.html

https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/transplant/programs/reconstructive_transplant/hand_transplant.html

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41423-019-0215-3

https://jbioleng.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13036-017-0089-9

Blood compatibility 

https://www.rch.org.au/bloodtrans/about_blood_products/Blood_Groups_and_Compatibilities/

https://www.cedars-sinai.org/programs/transplant-center/programs/kidney-pancreas/abo-incompatibility.html

[Butt One More Thing]

Yeti poop actually bears

https://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2017/11/yeti-legends-real-animals-dna-bears-himalaya-science/

Monster Month turns up the spooky sex appeal as we talk about the hunkiest monster in Monster Town: vampires! 

What monster do you think is the hunkiest? Or how about least-hunkiest (sort of tricky! They can all be hunks in their own way)? Send us a tweet and let us know! 

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Stefan: @itsmestefanchin Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreen

If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:

[Truth or Fail]

Wireworms

https://extension.entm.purdue.edu/fieldcropsipm/insects/corn-wireworms.php

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1119566-overview

Vampire Ground Finch

http://blog.discoveringgalapagos.org.uk/vampire-finch/

Japanese Wild Boars

https://www.nal.usda.gov/fsrio/research-projects/silver-nanoparticles-pesticide-agricultural-applications#:~:text=Silver%20nanoparticles%20have%20received%20significant,resistance%20to%20existing%20chemical%20pesticides.

https://www.scmp.com/news/asia/east-asia/article/2136652/wild-boars-are-taking-over-japans-small-towns-and-residents-are

[Fact Off]

Blood battery

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/04/160429095849.htm

https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/science/Scientists-create-bio-batteries-which-can-be-charged-with-human-sweat/articleshow/40198217.cms

https://futurism.com/blood-is-helping-us-make-the-next-generation-of-batteries

Tick traumatic insemination 

https://www.pnas.org/content/116/29/14682

https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2011/08/immune-system-protects-female-bedbugs-traumatic-sex

https://phys.org/news/2019-07-female-bed-bugs-immune-stis.html

[Ask the Science Couch]

Teeth/beak/etc puncture

https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/c/common-vampire-bat/

https://www.dec.ny.gov/animals/7242.html

https://academic.oup.com/beheco/article/11/2/154/204658

https://zslpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1469-7998.2000.tb00583.x

Specialized mouthpiece straw

https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/06/07/480653821/watch-mosquitoes-use-6-needles-to-suck-your-blood

https://web.natur.cuni.cz/parasitology/vyuka/LekEnt_CV/The%20Biology%20of%20Blood-Sucking%20in%20Insects.pdf

[Butt One More Thing]

Vampire bat poop

https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/22/science/vampire-bats-blood.html

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-018-0476-8

Monster Month shambles on! This week: the living dead! We’re talking zombies, we’re talking Frankensteins, we’re talking skeletons. And by the end, things get downright poignant!

Also in this episode, an all time Hank hot take about ghosts. I’d love to hash that one out more, so be sure to hit him up on Twitter so we can all figure out why he thinks ghosts are alive… 

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Stefan: @itsmestefanchin Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreen

If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:

[Truth or Fail]

Brazilian Treehoppers

https://io9.gizmodo.com/the-brazilian-treehopper-may-be-the-strangest-creature-5975761

https://www.sciencefocus.com/nature/what-is-a-brazilian-treehopper/

Cicada Wing Flicking

https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-02/uoc-iot022218.php

Protective Ant Fungus

https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-05/ps-tzf050212.php

[Fact Off]

Neochromosomes (Frankenstein’s monster chromosomes) & cancer

https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2014-11/giom-ssm110514.php

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4905327/

https://www.nature.com/articles/515314b

https://www.cell.com/cancer-cell/fulltext/S1535-6108(14)00373-0

https://www.nature.com/articles/nature14493

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1383574218300322

https://www.nature.com/articles/4401161

Glass knifefish brain transplant

https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2020-03/njio-sb032420.php

https://news.njit.edu/simulated-frankenfish-brain-swaps-reveal-senses-control-body-movement

[Ask the Science Couch]

Trying to reanimate animal corpses

https://www.livescience.com/65542-zombies-real-resurrection-experiments.html

https://io9.gizmodo.com/real-life-scientists-who-meddled-with-life-and-death-5949176

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15595271/

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0003497500010912

Animal brains

https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-01216-4

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0006899374904788

https://science.sciencemag.org/content/168/3929/375

[Butt One More Thing]

Dead butt syndrome

https://www.healthline.com/health/dead-butt-syndrome

It’s ba-ack! Fear Month is back from the dead in a hideous new form: Monster Month! This week we’re busting out the Ouija board and summoning forth some Ghostly science knowledge from beyond this earthly plane! 

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Stefan: @itsmestefanchin Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreen

If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:

[Truth or Fail]

Bioluminescent/reflective animals

https://www.owlpages.com/owls/articles.php?a=18

https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsta.2014.0206

https://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2015/07/150724-fireflies-glow-bugs-summer-nation-science/

Marsh gases

https://cen.acs.org/articles/92/i38/George-Washington-Scientist.html

https://www.popsci.com/jack-o-lanterns-marsh-lights/

https://discovernjhistory.org/magical-mud-microbes-and-methane/

https://www.nj.gov/state/historical/it-happened-here/ihhnj-er-first-science-ex.pdf

https://www.mountvernon.org/library/digitalhistory/digital-encyclopedia/article/rocky-hill-experiment/

Pepper's ghost illusion

https://cosmosmagazine.com/physics/the-science-behind-the-pepper-s-ghost-illusion/

http://www.theatrecrafts.com/pages/home/glossary-of-technical-theatre-terms/more-about-peppers-ghost/

https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/aekye5/the-science-behind-the-worlds-most-convincing-ghost-effect

[Fact Off]

Feeling of presence ghost robot

https://www.wired.com/2014/11/robot-ghost/

https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/this-robot-messes-with-your-brain-until-you-feel-a-ghostly-presence/

Ghost fleas and mercury

https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/07/ghost-fleas-bring-toxic-mercury-depths-prairie-lakes

https://www.sciencetimes.com/articles/26294/20200701/ghost-fleas-act-mercury-elevators-bring-toxin-up-depths-lake.htm

[Ask the Science Couch]

EMF readers

https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2016/11/the-broken-technology-of-ghost-hunting/506627/

https://www.livescience.com/4261-shady-science-ghost-hunting.html

https://io9.gizmodo.com/meet-the-emf-meter-the-little-tool-that-ghost-hunters-5875212

We're taking a short dirt nap this week in preparation for October's frightening festivities! Enjoy this classic, slightly spooky episode and join us next week as we kick off Monster Month!

It'll be worth the wait, I promise!

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Stefan: @itsmestefanchin Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreen

If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:

[Poem]

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/these-pitcher-plants-call-bats-get-their-poo-180956014/

https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full/10.1098/rsbl.2010.1141

[Truth or Fail]

Bats that spend time on the ground:

http://news.cornell.edu/stories/2005/03/vampire-bats-keep-out-trouble-running-study-shows

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16621953

https://www.australiangeographic.com.au/blogs/creatura-blog/2018/01/why-fly-when-you-can-shuffle-the-lesser-short-tailed-bat-prefers-the-ground/

Diurnal bats:

https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/2018/11/daytime-bats-help-explain-nocturnal-evolution/

https://blogs.plos.org/ecology/2017/06/29/bat-species-found-only-on-islands-in-trouble-worldwide/

https://www.degruyter.com/view/j/mamm.ahead-of-print/mammalia-2017-0128/mammalia-2017-0128.xml

Suction cup bats:

https://www.wired.com/2010/04/how-sucker-winged-bats-hang-on/

[Fact Off]

Bat & dolphin echolocation:

https://evolutionnews.org/2012/05/tangling_the_tr/

https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2010/01/hear-bats-and-whales-share-sonar-protein

https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(09)02073-9

https://www.nature.com/articles/nature12511

https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/tetrapod-zoology/refined-fine-tuned-placental-mammal-family-tree/

Moth echolocation blocker:

https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2009/07/moths-block-bats-sonar

http://science.sciencemag.org/content/325/5938/325?keytype=ref&siteid=sci&ijkey=GbDjRlkoHfRnY

https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/phenomena/2009/07/17/tiger-moths-jam-the-sonar-of-bats/

http://jeb.biologists.org/content/214/14/2416

[Ask the Science Couch]

White-nose syndrome:

https://www.biologicaldiversity.org/campaigns/bat_crisis_white-nose_syndrome/Q_and_A.html

https://www.whitenosesyndrome.org/static-page/what-is-white-nose-syndrome

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/how-bats-could-bounce-back-devastating-white-nose-syndrome-180969378/

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-017-02441-z

https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/4/2/48

[Butt One More Thing]

Bat guano gunpowder:

https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/dkc09  

What would a podcast be without language? Perhaps a series of soothing tones? Maybe frog sounds? Wait… that sounds nice… 

Need more sweet language knowledge? 

Crash Course Linguistics: https://youtu.be/eDop3FDoUzk

Want more Deboki? 

Journey to the Microcosmos: https://youtu.be/17tug6T-4jc

Crash Course Organic Chemistry: https://youtu.be/bSMx0NS0XfY

And follow her on Twitter: https://twitter.com/okidoki_boki

And every other Tangents episode! She does a ton of behind the scenes work and we’d, frankly, be screwed without her! Thank you, Deboki!

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Stefan: @itsmestefanchin Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreen

If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:

[Truth or Fail]

Mustached bat sounds and syntax

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7962992/
 

Heaps Law

https://www.johndcook.com/blog/2019/08/27/heaps-law/

Jackass penguin honks

https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsbl.2019.0589
https://www.livescience.com/jackass-penguin-linguistic-rules.html
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/jackass-penguin-calls-follow-similar-rules-human-speech-180974139/
https://youtu.be/oTOcJj_NNUg
 

Speed dating communication

https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2012/04/30/151550273/to-predict-dating-success-the-secrets-in-the-pronouns

Prairie dog chatter
https://www.prairiedoghoogland.com/vocalizations
https://academic.oup.com/jmammal/article/79/3/887/859259

[Fact Off]

Facebook machine learning of language 

https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2020-03/uops-fuc030620.php

Hypothetical spaceship language

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/07/200706145433.htm

https://zenodo.org/record/3747353#.X1j66nlKiJc

[Ask the Science Couch]

Human language efficiency 

https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2016/06/complex-languages/489389/

https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/5/9/eaaw2594

http://www.ithkuil.net/00_intro.html

Computer languages 

https://thenewstack.io/which-programming-languages-use-the-least-electricity/

https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/compiled-versus-interpreted-languages/

[Butt One More Thing]

Pumpernickel

https://www.visualthesaurus.com/cm/wordroutes/the-devilish-origins-of-pumpernickel/

Jeepers creepers, today we’re talking about peepers! 

I can't come up with anything that would really add to the above description of the episode, but I also feel like I owe you guys more than that... so hey, what's up? Excited for Halloween? Watching any good shows? I'm sort of out of shows... 

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Stefan: @itsmestefanchin Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreen

If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:

[Truth or Fail]

Bat Eyes

https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/78kwdz/bats-crash-into-each-other-all-the-time-high-speed-cameras-reveal

Guitarfish Eyes

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/instead-eyelids-fish-has-special-muscles-retract-its-eyeball-180957005/

https://ocean.si.edu/ocean-life/sharks-rays/sharks#:~:text=Sharks%20have%20eyelids%2C%20but%20they,damage%20when%20fighting%20or%20feeding.&text=In%20addition%2C%20some%20species%20have,the%20eye%20in%20dicey%20situations.

Goat Eyes

https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/08/07/430149677/eye-shapes-of-the-animal-world-hint-at-differences-in-our-lifestyles

[Fact Off]

Glowing Contacts

https://www.caltech.edu/about/news/glowing-contact-lens-could-prevent-leading-cause-blindness-82050

https://orionvisiongroup.com/blog/glow-in-the-dark-contact-treatment-diabetic-retinopathy/#:~:text=Diabetic%20Retinopathy%20%E2%80%93%20The%20Facts,the%20precursor%20to%20nerve%20death.

Cockeyed squids

https://today.duke.edu/2017/02/mismatched-eyes-help-squid-survive-ocean%E2%80%99s-twilight-zone

https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rstb.2016.0069

https://www.discovermagazine.com/planet-earth/this-squid-gives-better-side-eye-than-you

https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-does-someone-get-two/

[Ask the Science Couch]

Eye shapes

https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/90509/13-furry-facts-about-pallass-cat

https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/1/7/e1500391

https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/08/07/430149677/eye-shapes-of-the-animal-world-hint-at-differences-in-our-lifestyles

[Butt One More Thing]

Cow butt eye

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/painting-eyes-cow-butts-could-save-cow-and-lion-lives-180975601/

https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/627983/save-cow-from-predators-paint-eyes-on-its-butt

Beep beep, toot toot, etc. 

Cars are definitely one of the more common-place things we’ve talked about on Tangents… yet to some, including many on our panel, they are even more mysterious and confusing than the human body or the fundamental forces of nature! 

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Stefan: @itsmestefanchin Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @slamschultz Hank: @hankgreen

If you want to learn more about any of our main topics, check out these links:

[Truth or Fail]

Freeze-drying

https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2020-03/nuos-nit031820.php

Replacing human tissues

https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2020-03/cuot-nrm031320.php

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsnano.9b01924

Batteries

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/08/140827151654.htm

https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2014/RA/C4RA03888F#!divAbstract

[Fact Off]

Added engine noise

https://www.caranddriver.com/features/a15117726/faking-it-engine-sound-enhancement-explained-tech-dept/

https://www.carthrottle.com/post/5-ways-that-manufacturers-enhance-the-sound-of-their-cars/

https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/americas-best-selling-cars-and-trucks-are-built-on-lies-the-rise-of-fake-engine-noise/2015/01/21/6db09a10-a0ba-11e4-b146-577832eafcb4_story.html

https://www.popularmechanics.com/cars/a7923/the-rise-of-the-fake-engine-roar-11291754/

https://www.caranddriver.com/features/a15107374/this-is-why-various-engine-types-sound-so-different-feature/

[Ask the Science Couch]

Wheels vs. tracks

https://litetrax.com/wheels-vs-tracks-advantages-disadvantages/

https://www.macallisterrentals.com/track-vs-wheeled-equipment-type-machine-rent/

3 vs. 4 wheels

https://thenewswheel.com/why-do-cars-have-four-wheels/

https://jalopnik.com/why-three-wheels-are-better-than-four-5950307

[Butt One More Thing]

https://www.fertstert.org/article/S0015-0282(07)01404-5/pdf