manned spaceflight

We review all that we've covered in season 2 before diving into the final phase of the moon race in season 3. 

Music: "Crossing the Universe" by Ester Garcia

Pete Conrad and Richard Gordon take flight on Gemini 11 in hopes of finally mastering the spacewalk enigma while also undertaking a curious and risky experiment. 

Instagram: @foispacecast

Music: "Crossing the Universe" by Ester Garcia

Sources and Further Research:
Books-
"Project Gemini" by Eugen Reichl
"Failure is Not an Option" by Gene Kranz

Web Sources-
NASA - NSSDCA - Spacecraft - Details
Remembering Dick Gordon | NASA

Michael Collins and John Young take to space aboard Gemini 10!

instagram: @foispacecast

music: "Crossing the Universe" by Ester Garcia

Sources and Further Research:
Books-
"Project Gemini" by Eugen Reichl
"Failure is Not an Option" by Gene Kranz

Web Sources-
Michael Collins - New Mexico Museum of Space History (nmspacemuseum.org)

Gene Cernan undertakes a harrowing space walk shortly after NASA loses its first astronauts. 

Instagram: @foispacecast

Music: "Crossing the Universe" by Ester Garcia

Sources and Further Research:
Books-
"Project Gemini" by Eugen Reichl
"Failure is not an Option" by Gene Kranz

Web Sources-
Remembering NASA Astronauts Elliot See and Charles Bassett | NASA
The Test Pilot: Neil Armstrong And GE’s Elliot See Were First Civilian Astronauts | GE News
NASA - NSSDCA - Spacecraft - Details

Dave Scott and Neil Armstrong take to space aboard Gemini 8, hoping to carry out the first orbital docking maneuver. But their journey will turn dangerous when a malfunction threatens to kill them both and destroy their spacecraft. 

Instagram: @foispacecast

Music: "Crossing the Universe" by Ester Garcia

Sources and Further Research:
Books-
"Project Gemini" by Eugen Reichl
"Failure is not an Option" by Gene Kranz

Web Sources-
Biography of Neil Armstrong | NASA
David R. Scott - New Mexico Museum of Space History (nmspacemuseum.org)

One of the most complex and daring missions to be undertaken up to that time flies as part of Project Gemini as NASA attempts to finally succeed in pulling off an orbital rendezvous. 

Instagram: @foispacecast

Music: "Crossing the Universe" by Ester Garcia

Sources and Further Research:
Books-
"Failure is not an Option" by Gene Kranz
"Project Gemini" by Eugen Reichl

Web Sources-
James A. Lovell Jr. - New Mexico Museum of Space History (nmspacemuseum.org)
Gemini 6, 7 & 6A - Rendezvous and Long Duration Missions - Crew Comments and Historical Footage - YouTube
How Did Gemini 6A Survive a Launch Abort? - YouTube

Gordon Cooper and Charles "Pete" Conrad take flight on Gemini 5 hoping to further NASA's plans for an eventual moon landing. 

Twitter: @FOISpacecast
Instagram: @foispacecast

Music: "Crossing the Universe" by Ester Garcia

Sources and Further Research:
Books-
"Project Gemini" by Eugen Reichl
"Space Race: The Epic Battle Between America and the Soviet Union for Dominion of Space" by Deborah Cadbury
"Failure is Not an Option" by Gene Kranz

Web Sources-
Fuel Cell, Gemini, Cutaway | National Air and Space Museum (si.edu)
BRIGADIER GENERAL JAMES A. MCDIVITT > Air Force > Biography Display (af.mil)
Meet the Gemini Radar Evaluation Pod | Popular Science (popsci.com)
NASA - NSSDCA - Spacecraft - Details

Edward White and Jim McDivitt take to space aboard Gemini 4 to carry out the first American spacewalk. 

Instagram: @foispacecast
Twitter: @FOISpacecast

Music: "Crossing the Universe" by Ester Garcia

Sources and Further Research:
Books-
"Project Gemini" by Eugen Reichl
"Soviets in Space" by Colin Burgess

Web Sources-
Edward H. White II - New Mexico Museum of Space History (nmspacemuseum.org)
Frank Borman - New Mexico Museum of Space History (nmspacemuseum.org)

We cover the first crewed flight of the Gemini Program with Gemini 3, during which Gus Grissom and John Young achieved some historic firsts, and even enjoyed an unorthodox lunch.

Twitter: @FOISpacecast
Instagram: @foispacecast

Music: "Crossing the Universe" by Ester Garcia

Sources and Further Research:
Books-
"Failure is not an Option" by Gene Kranz
"Project Gemini" by Eugen Reichl

Web Sources-
Thomas P. Stafford - New Mexico Museum of Space History (nmspacemuseum.org)
NASA Mourns the Passing of Astronaut John Young | NASA

We cover the entire Voskhod Program in one go, from its initial conception, engineering phases, and flights. This program saw more incredible firsts as well as one of the most hair-raising spaceflights ever conducted. 

Twitter: @FOISpacecast
Instagram: @foispacecast

Music: "Crossing the Universe" by Ester Garcia

Sources and Further Research:
Books-
"Korolev: How One Man Masterminded the Soviet Drive to Beat America to the Moon" by James Harford
"Soviets in Space" by Colin Burgess
"The Soviet Manned Space Program" by Philip Clark

Web Sources:
 Boris B. Yegorov, 57, First Physician in Space - The New York Times (nytimes.com)
“You Don't Know Khrushchev Well” | Journal of Cold War Studies | MIT Press
Wilson Center Digital Archive
The Nightmare of Voskhod 2 | Air & Space Magazine| Smithsonian Magazine
PAVEL BELYAYEV, ASTRONAUT, DEAD - The New York Times (nytimes.com)
Alexei Leonov: Spacewalk Pioneer | Space

We trace the history of the Gemini Project from its original conception through to its late testing phase.

Instagram: @foispacecast
Twitter: @FOISpacecast

Music: "Crossing the Universe" by Ester Garcia

Sources and Further Research:
Books-
"Project Gemini" by Eugen Reichl
"Failure is Not an Option: Mission Control from Mercury through Apollo 13 and Beyond" by Gene Kranz

Web Sources-
Parasev 1-A | NASA
 

The Vostok Program comes to an end with a record-setting dual flight that also carries the first woman in history to reach space.

I misspoke and said this was episode eighteen in the episode. It is indeedn episode nineteen. Sorry about that. 

Twitter: @FOISpacecast
Instagram: @foispacecast

Music: "Crossing the Universe" by Ester Garcia

Sources and Further Research:
Books-
"The Soviet Manned Space Program" by Phillip Clark
"Space Race: The Epic Battle between America and the Soviet Union for Dominion of Space" by Deborah Cadbury

Web Sources-
Valentina Tereshkova: First Woman in Space | Space
Valentina Tereshkova | National Air and Space Museum (si.edu)
ESA - First woman in space: Valentina
Russian space pioneer Valery Bykovsky dies aged 84 - BBC News

This week, we cover the final flight of Project Mercury. Gordon Cooper is slated to fly the most ambitious mission of the program so far, spending more than a full day in orbit.  It will be the longest American manned mission yet, but it will also see the direst crisis of Project Mercury.

Twitter: @FOISpacecast
Instagram" foispacecast

Music: "Crossing the Universe" by Ester Garcia

Sources and Further Research:
Books-
"Failure is not an Option" by Gene Kranz
"Project Mercury" by Eugen Reichl
"Space Race: The Epic Battle Between America and the Soviet Union for Dominion of Space" by Deborah Cadbury

Web Sources-
Neil Armstrong's X-15 flight over Pasadena | Air & Space Magazine| Smithsonian Magazine

With the Soviets fresh off a massive success with Vostoks 3 and 4, the Americans prepare to fire back with a bold new Mercury Mission. But before Wally Schirra can take flight aboard Sigma 7, President Kennedy will deliver a famous speech to galvanize American drive in outer space.

Twitter: @FOISpacecast
Instagram: foispacecast

Music: "Crossing the Universe" by Ester Garcia

Sources and Further Research:
Books-
"Failure is Not an Option: Mission Control from Mercury to Apollo 13 and Beyond" by Gene Kranz
"Moonshot: The Inside Story of America's Race to the Moon" by Alan Shepard and Deke Slayton with Jay Barbaree and Howard Benedict
"Project Mercury" by Eugen Reichl
"Space Race: The Epic Battle Between America and the Soviet Union for Dominion of Space" by Deborah Cadbury

Web Sources-
Address at Rice University on the Nation's Space Effort | JFK Library
John F. Kennedy's Famous Moon Speech, 50 Years Later - The Atlantic
NASA - NSSDCA - Spacecraft - Details

The fallout from Yuri Gagarin's first manned flight rocks the United States, followed shortly by another crushing failure on the world stage for the Kennedy Administration. When a plan to overthrow the Castro Regime in Cuba goes wrong, the stakes rise even higher for the American Space Program as NASA prepares to launch Alan Shepard into space aboard Freedom Seven.

CORRECTION: Coral reefs did not sink any of the transport ships that took part in the Bay of Pigs Invasion, but did damage several, which slowed the operation.

Twitter: @FOISpacecast

Music: "Crossing the Universe" by Esther Garcia

Sources and Further Research:
Books-
"Project Mercury" by Eugen Reichl
"Moonshot: The Inside Story of America's Race to the Moon" by Alan Shepard and Deke Slayton with Jay Barbaree and Howard Benedict
"Space Race: The Epic Battle Between America and the Soviet Union for Dominion of Space" by Deborah Cadbury

Web Sources-
Milestones: 1961–1968 - Office of the Historian (state.gov)

This week, we reach a major milestone: Yuri Gagarin takes flight on Vostok 1. We ride along on his historic mission while the Americans likewise make strides toward placing a human being in space. 

Twitter: @FOISpacecast

Music: "Crossing the Universe" by Esther Garcia

Sources and Further Research:
Books-
"Korolev: How One Man Masterminded the Soviet Drive to Beat America to the Moon" by James Harford
"Space Race: The Epic Battle Between America and the Soviet Union for Dominion of Space" by Deborah Cadbury
"The Soviet Manned Space Program" by Phillip Clark