short sellers

0:00 -- Intro.

1:41 -- Start of interview.

2:58 -- On current market conditions. Impact of interest rate hikes by the Federal Reserve, particularly on banks.

3:35 -- The gap between news coverage, what people think is happening and what actually is happening on the ground. The example of First Republic.

15:37-- How 'bank runs' have changed. The Meme Run. "A meme is a first impression decision-making instrument."

18:43 -- The media/general confusion over regulatory/supervisory agencies overseeing banks. FDIC and the Federal Reserve.

20:50 -- On the Federal Reserve's Report on SVB (April 28, 2023). "Capital buffers are a universal antibiotic for all of these problems [but they are costly and represent a trade-off]." The role of the board in considering risks.

32:48-- Should risk-management experts for risk-management committees of bank board be mandated? "Sometimes engaged, informed and thoughtful (but non-expert) directors ask the best questions."

40:25 -- On executive compensation and incentives of bank executives (in light of the SVB Report). "The lack of a clawback (in this case) for a risk management failure is amiss."

45:56 -- On whether short sellers in banks should be curtailed in these market conditions. 

52:04 -- On the fate (and crisis) of regional banks. "Regional banks are the heart and soul of the American banking system." "I don't think that it's a good thing that big banks get any bigger." 

57:34 -- On JP Morgan's acquisition of First Republic.

1:00:24 -- How Silicon Valley will be impacted with the loss of SVB and First Republic. The "Industry Vertical Contagion": failure of banks that serve particular industries. "I don't think there is enough appreciation yet on how catastrophic it would have been to let depositors in the tech industry get wiped out or receive significant hair cuts [on SVB's failure]." "I'm glad that the Fed did the call that they did."

1:07:59 -- Banking alternatives given low interest rates paid by banks to depositors. "It's an existential question for the entire industry." "Central bank digital currencies will really move the needle." [The Brazilian Central Bank created Pix, the Brazilian IP scheme that enables its users — people, companies and governmental entities — to send or receive payment transfers in few seconds at any time, including non-business days.]

1:13:26 --   The future impact of U.S. fiscal policy and the national debt as it has surpassed $31 trillion (US Debt Ratio to GDP is currently at ~120%)

Dan Siciliano is the Vice-Chair of the Federal Home Loan Bank of San Francisco, the Chair of the Silicon Valley Directors’ Exchange and the co-founder and CEO of Nikkl, a company that provides capital to unicorn employees.

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 You can follow Evan on social media at:

Twitter: @evanepstein

LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/epsteinevan/ 

Substack: https://evanepstein.substack.com/

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Music/Soundtrack (found via Free Music Archive): Seeing The Future by Dexter Britain is licensed under a Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 United States License

You can follow Evan on social media at:

Twitter: @evanepstein

LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/epsteinevan/ 

Substack: https://evanepstein.substack.com/

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You can join as a Patron of the Boardroom Governance Podcast at:

Patreon: patreon.com/BoardroomGovernancePod

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Music/Soundtrack (found via Free Music Archive): Seeing The Future by Dexter Britain is licensed under a Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 United States License

Los Meme Stocks son acciones de empresas que se han vuelto populares entre comunidades de traders antiestablishment y con alta tolerancia al riesgo, que buscan cambiar el movimiento de una empresa con un porcentaje de posiciones en corto para crear presión y obligar a los short sellers a liquidar posiciones. Estas prácticas han tenido efectos tanto negativos como positivos en el mercado. En este episodio de Consejo Capital, Susana Sáenz platicó con Jaime Rogozinsky, fundador de WallStreetBets, acerca de esta tendencia, su impacto, el tipo de inversionistas que usualmente las buscan y los riesgos que toman. 

Escucha también el dato de la agenda financiera que impacta tu estrategia. 

0:00 Intro.

1:37 Start of interview.

3:03 Francine's "origin story". She grew up in Chicago and graduated from Purdue in accounting but "she hated it." She began in internal audit at Chicago’s Continental Illinois National Bank and Trust. She later worked with KPMG/BearingPoint in the early 1990s. She also worked at JP Morgan where she focused on Y2K risk. Post Sarbanes Oxley she worked at PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP until 2006. She then pivoted as an investigative reporter and feature writer. At MarketWatch, and for The Wall Street Journal and Barron’s, McKenna reported on public company accounting, fraud and financial investigations, and the potentially dubious financial reporting practices of pre-IPO companies. She also started teaching at different universities. She has now joined full-time as a Lecturer at University of Pennsylvania Wharton Business School.

17:53 On Ernst & Young’s $100 million penalty by the SEC for employees cheating on CPA ethics exams and misleading investigation. To put this case into context, it's important to understand KPMG's case from 2019 ($50 million penalty by the SEC). Note this teaching case study on the KPMG/PCAOB scandal.

24:50 Criminal convictions in KPMG case.

26:01 EY's role in misleading the investigation of the SEC.

31:38 On KPMG receiving its largest UK fine (£14.4M) for providing false information about its audits of Carillion and Regenersis. On why the "Big 4 Audit Firms" are "Too Big to Fail."

33:16 What's really going on with the Big 4  audit firms? Audit services vs consulting services. "When there is tension between professionalism and commercialism, [the latter] will always win out." "You cannot restrain the heartless except via enforcement."

37:50 On lessons for directors in frauds of private companies. "I use Theranos as a warning case for students in accounting: it's the canary in the coalmine in case the audit profession doesn't evolve." There were three audit firms involved in the Theranos case: EY at the beginning but then walked away, then KPMG until they had a dispute about stock option valuations (staying only to do consulting), and PwC did forensic work winding down the company. None of them audited the firm, they only provided services. "They [the audit firms] made more money, with less liability, by providing other services [actively choosing not to provide auditing services.]" "Private companies avoiding going public [the deeper scrutiny] is the shape of things to come." How the JOBS Act stripped away some of the scrutiny over emerging growth companies [EGCs]. Some, like SEC Commissioner Hester Peirce, are in favor of this lighter regulatory approach.

47:22 On whether unicorns require a stricter regulatory framework. "We are seeing this [laissez-faire] attitude to the max in the crypto industry."

50:00 On whether Sarbanes Oxley had a negative effect on the US IPO market. "We should not have marginal/shady companies in the public markets." On the negative effect of relaxing the rules in the JOBS Act. "We should be talking about the quality of companies, not the quantity of listings."

55:26 On the difference between valuations (in private companies) and marketcap (in public companies). "I'm a big believer in the power of short sellers and activist investors to highlight [price inefficiencies and fraud] because they put their money where their mouth is." "The SEC has been very disappointing in both Republican and Democratic administrations in terms of actually calling accounting fraud by its name." On the role of whistleblowers.

01:04:02 On the rise (and increasing political polarization) of ESG. "I'm cynical towards it, firms are looking to get a piece of clients' wallets." "The trend first emerged in Europe with firms providing side audits like carbon emissions." "My head is tainted with the idea that it's all a big marketing ploy." The audit mandate in the proposed SEC's climate change disclosure rules. On the proxy proposals (like Exxon's) and greenwashing.

01:10:28 - Three books that have greatly influenced her life: 

1. Siddartha, by Hermann Hesse (1922)
2. The Road Less Traveled, by M. Scott Peck (1978)
3. The Origins of Totalitarianism, by Hannah Arendt (1951)

01:13:18 - Who were your mentors, and what did you learn from them? 

From her time at Continental Illinois:

1. Peggy Jackson Turner
2. Judy Port

01:15:03 - Are there any quotes you think of often or live your life by? 

1. "Der Mensch Tracht, un Gott Lacht (Man Plans, and God Laughs)" (Yiddish)
2. "Morallity cannot be legislated, but behavior can be regulated. Judicial decrees may not change the heart, but they can restrain the heartless." Martin Luther King Jr.

01:16:12 -  An unusual habit or an absurd thing that he loves: collecting metal objects.

01:17:47 -  The living person she most admires: Judge Jed S. Rakoff, Jordan Peele.

Francine McKenna is a full-time Lecturer at University of Pennsylvania Wharton Business School. She teaches ACCT 611 and 613, Introduction to Financial Accounting for MBAs. She is also an independent writer and commentator and authors the newsletter The Dig, where she scrutinizes accounting, audit and corporate governance issues at public and pre-IPO companies.

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You can follow Francine on social media at:

Twitter: @retheauditors

LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/francinemckenna/

Substack: https://thedig.substack.com/

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 You can follow Evan on social media at:

Twitter: @evanepstein

LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/epsteinevan/ 

Substack: https://evanepstein.substack.com/

__

Music/Soundtrack (found via Free Music Archive): Seeing The Future by Dexter Britain is licensed under a Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 United States License

You can follow Evan on social media at:

Twitter: @evanepstein

LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/epsteinevan/ 

Substack: https://evanepstein.substack.com/

__

You can join as a Patron of the Boardroom Governance Podcast at:

Patreon: patreon.com/BoardroomGovernancePod

__

Music/Soundtrack (found via Free Music Archive): Seeing The Future by Dexter Britain is licensed under a Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 United States License

Fahmi Quadir thinks short sellers get a bad rap. Known as the "financial assassin" for helping expose fraud and misconduct at Valeant, she tells Luigi that Tesla might be next. But Kate isn't convinced -- she thinks journalists and regulators are the real heroes.