technology and democracy

Discussants: John Naughton, David Vincent, Julian Huppert, Nora Ni Loideain Chair: Daniel Wilson On 16 November 2016, both Houses of Parliament completed their examination and review of the Investigatory Powers Bill and it will become law before the end of 2016. When it was first published in draft form a year ago, the then Home Secretary, Theresa May, promised that the Bill would establish a “world-leading oversight regime” with “powers fit for the digital age” that would be “clear and understandable”. Nevertheless, the Bill has since been the subject of considerable controversy. Advocates, including, Professor Sir David Omand (a former Director of GCHQ ), stress that the importance of the new statute cannot be overestimated as it puts the secret surveillance activities of the State “under the rule of law” for the first time in 500 years and makes such powers “comprehensible to the citizen”. Critics, however, argue that the new law provides the State with unprecedented powers that are “more suited to a dictatorship than a democracy” (Jim Killock, Executive Director, Open Rights Group). Civil society organisations have described the law as a “Snooper’s Charter”. Of particular concern is the scope of powers provided under the law which will enable public authorities “to indiscriminately hack, intercept, record, and monitor the communications and internet use of the entire population” (Bella Sankey, Policy Director, Liberty). In its final event of the Technology and Democracy Project’s 2016 seminar series, an interdisciplinary panel of speakers will address the political, historical, technological and human rights implications posed by this divisive new legislative framework. Please join us for a discussion of what kind of precedent this significant new law represents for technology and democracy both within and beyond the UK.

Internet Jurisdiction, Extraterritoriality and Law Enforcement: Unclaimed Territories in the Cloud - where are the Limits to Internet Jurisdiction? Speaker - Professor Julia Hörnle (Queen Mary, University of London) Discussant - Dr Findlay Stark (Faculty of Law, Cambridge) The Internet is a technology that continues to transform society, thereby inevitably shaping the extent to which the laws of countries can operate outside of their jurisdiction across the world. While there are those who regard the extraterritorial application of some laws positively as a mechanism for protecting the fundamental rights of individuals from threats outside the jurisdiction, it can be also be viewed as an improper intrusion of foreign states on domestic interests. As examined in a previous Technology and Democracy Project seminar, one such example would be the 2015 landmark decision of the highest court in the EU which clearly established that EU data protection law applies to US law governing State surveillance on the basis that the US must provide adequate protection for the processing of personal data that is transferred from the EU to the US. Hence, the significant but also novel implications posed to the rule of law, due process and privacy by the increasing levels of data processing across national borders by governments and the private sector in the cloud of the Internet makes this area of great interest to the Technology and Democracy Project. To address the challenges posed by this increasingly important and complex legal area for technology and democracy in the era of Big Data and the Internet of Things, we have brought together Professor of Internet Law Julia Hörnle (QMUL) who will present on this topic and Dr Findlay Stark (Cambridge University Lecturer in Criminal Law and Deputy Director, Cambridge Centre for Criminal Justice), the seminar’s discussant and chair.

Speaker - Helen Margetts, OII Respondent - Sharath Srinivasan, POLIS, Cambridge The last few years have seen increasingly frenzied speculation about the role of social media in political mobilisation. In an important recent book Helen Margetts and her colleagues report on research drawing on large-scale data generated from the Internet and real-world events to show how mobilisations that succeed are unpredictable, unstable and often unsustainable. To reach a better understanding of this unruly force in the political world, the researchers have used experiments that test how social media influence citizens when they are deciding whether or not to participate. They conclude that a new kind of “chaotic pluralism” is the model of democracy that is emerging in our networked environment. Helen Margetts is the Director of the OII , and Professor of Society and the Internet at Oxford. She is a political scientist specialising in digital era governance and politics, investigating political behaviour, digital government and government-citizen interactions in the age of the internet, social media and big data. She has published over a hundred books, articles and major research reports in this area, including Political Turbulence: How Social Media Shape Collective Action (with Peter John, scott Hale and Taha Yasseri, 2015); Paradoxes of Modernization (with Perri 6 and Christopher Hood, 2010); Digital Era Governance (with Patrick Dunleavy, 2006); and The Tools of Government in the Digital Age (with Christopher Hood, 2007). In 2003 she and Patrick Dunleavy won the ‘Political Scientists Making a Difference’ award from the UK Political Studies Association, in part for a series of policy reports on Government on the Internet for the UK National Audit Office (1999, 2002 and 2007), and she continues working to maximise the policy impact of her research. She sits on the World Economic Forum Global Agenda Council on the Future of Government and is editor-in-chief of the journal Policy and Internet. She is a fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences. From 2011- 2014 she held the ESRC professorial fellowship ‘The Internet, Political Science and Public policy: Re-examining Collective Action, Governance and Citizen-Governance Interactions in the Digital Era’. Professor Margetts joined the OII in 2004 from University College London where she was a Professor in Political Science and Director of the School of Public Policy. She began her career as a computer programmer and systems analyst with Rank Xerox after receiving her BSc in mathematics from the University of Bristol. She returned to studies at the London School of Economics and Political Science in 1989, completing an MSc in Politics and Public Policy in 1990 and a PhD in Government in 1996. She worked as a researcher at LSE from 1991 to 1994 and a lecturer at Birkbeck College, University of London from 1994 to 1999.

Speaker - Helen Margetts, OII Respondent - Sharath Srinivasan, POLIS, Cambridge The last few years have seen increasingly frenzied speculation about the role of social media in political mobilisation. In an important recent book Helen Margetts and her colleagues report on research drawing on large-scale data generated from the Internet and real-world events to show how mobilisations that succeed are unpredictable, unstable and often unsustainable. To reach a better understanding of this unruly force in the political world, the researchers have used experiments that test how social media influence citizens when they are deciding whether or not to participate. They conclude that a new kind of “chaotic pluralism” is the model of democracy that is emerging in our networked environment. Helen Margetts is the Director of the OII , and Professor of Society and the Internet at Oxford. She is a political scientist specialising in digital era governance and politics, investigating political behaviour, digital government and government-citizen interactions in the age of the internet, social media and big data. She has published over a hundred books, articles and major research reports in this area, including Political Turbulence: How Social Media Shape Collective Action (with Peter John, scott Hale and Taha Yasseri, 2015); Paradoxes of Modernization (with Perri 6 and Christopher Hood, 2010); Digital Era Governance (with Patrick Dunleavy, 2006); and The Tools of Government in the Digital Age (with Christopher Hood, 2007). In 2003 she and Patrick Dunleavy won the ‘Political Scientists Making a Difference’ award from the UK Political Studies Association, in part for a series of policy reports on Government on the Internet for the UK National Audit Office (1999, 2002 and 2007), and she continues working to maximise the policy impact of her research. She sits on the World Economic Forum Global Agenda Council on the Future of Government and is editor-in-chief of the journal Policy and Internet. She is a fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences. From 2011- 2014 she held the ESRC professorial fellowship ‘The Internet, Political Science and Public policy: Re-examining Collective Action, Governance and Citizen-Governance Interactions in the Digital Era’. Professor Margetts joined the OII in 2004 from University College London where she was a Professor in Political Science and Director of the School of Public Policy. She began her career as a computer programmer and systems analyst with Rank Xerox after receiving her BSc in mathematics from the University of Bristol. She returned to studies at the London School of Economics and Political Science in 1989, completing an MSc in Politics and Public Policy in 1990 and a PhD in Government in 1996. She worked as a researcher at LSE from 1991 to 1994 and a lecturer at Birkbeck College, University of London from 1994 to 1999.

Panel 3: The Business of Privacy; Commerce and the Private Sector Chair: Stephanie Palmer (University of Cambridge) Ian Brown (Oxford Internet Institute) Mary Aiken (CyberPsychology Research Centre): "The cyberpsychology of privacy" Reuben Binns (University of Oxford): "Privacy as property"

Panel 4: Reflections and Lessons Chair and roundup: David Runciman (University of Cambridge) All speakers

Panel 4: Reflections and Lessons Chair and roundup: David Runciman (University of Cambridge) All speakers

Panel 4: Reflections and Lessons Chair and roundup: David Runciman (University of Cambridge) All speakers

Panel 2: The Private Life; The State and Public Sphere Chair: Nora Ni Loideain (University of Cambridge) David Vincent (Open University): "Privacy and the crisis of the liberal State" Karlin Lillington (Irish Times): "Privacy & page one; the challenge of engaging readers ... and editors" Simon Rice (Information Commissioner's Office)

Panel 2: The Private Life; The State and Public Sphere Chair: Nora Ni Loideain (University of Cambridge) David Vincent (Open University): "Privacy and the crisis of the liberal State" Karlin Lillington (Irish Times): "Privacy & page one; the challenge of engaging readers ... and editors" Simon Rice (Information Commissioner's Office)

Panel 2: The Private Life; The State and Public Sphere Chair: Nora Ni Loideain (University of Cambridge) David Vincent (Open University): "Privacy and the crisis of the liberal State" Karlin Lillington (Irish Times): "Privacy & page one; the challenge of engaging readers ... and editors" Simon Rice (Information Commissioner's Office)

Panel 1: The Private Life; Individual Privacy, Self and Subject Chair: Daniel Wilson (University of Cambridge) David Feldman (University of Cambridge): "One lawyer's view of private life" Barbara Taylor (Queen Mary, University of London): "Why not solitude?" Josh Cohen (Goldsmiths, University of London): "The privacy of the self in an age of exposure"

Panel 1: The Private Life; Individual Privacy, Self and Subject Chair: Daniel Wilson (University of Cambridge) David Feldman (University of Cambridge): "One lawyer's view of private life" Barbara Taylor (Queen Mary, University of London): "Why not solitude?" Josh Cohen (Goldsmiths, University of London): "The privacy of the self in an age of exposure"

Panel 1: The Private Life; Individual Privacy, Self and Subject Chair: Daniel Wilson (University of Cambridge) David Feldman (University of Cambridge): "One lawyer's view of private life" Barbara Taylor (Queen Mary, University of London): "Why not solitude?" Josh Cohen (Goldsmiths, University of London): "The privacy of the self in an age of exposure"

Keynote address: "Why Privacy?" Chair: John Naughton (University of Cambridge) Keynote speaker: Christena Nippert-Eng (Indiana University)

Keynote address: "Why Privacy?" Chair: John Naughton (University of Cambridge) Keynote speaker: Christena Nippert-Eng (Indiana University)

Keynote address: "Why Privacy?" Chair: John Naughton (University of Cambridge) Keynote speaker: Christena Nippert-Eng (Indiana University)

Chair: Julia Powles Speakers: Julian Huppert and Adrian Kennard

Chair: David Erdos Speakers: David Vincent, Nora Ni Loideain and Andrew Murray

Chair: Nora Ni Loideain Speakers: Ross Anderson and Ian Walden