type systems

For the final episode of Elixir Wizards’ Season 11 “Branching Out from Elixir,” we’re featuring a recent discussion from the Software Unscripted podcast. In this conversation, José Valim, creator of Elixir, interviews Richard Feldman, creator of Roc. They compare notes on the process and considerations for creating a language. This episode covers the origins of creating a language, its influences, and how goals shape the tradeoffs in programming language design. José and Richard share anecdotes from their experiences guiding the evolution of Elixir and Roc. The discussion provides an insightful look at the experimentation and learning involved in crafting new languages. Topics discussed in this episode What inspires the creation of a new programming language Goals and use cases for a programming language Influences from Elm, Rust, Haskell, Go, OCaml, and more Tradeoffs involved in expressiveness of type systems Opportunistic mutation for performance gains in a functional language Minimum version selection for dependency resolution Build time considerations with type checking and monomorphization Design experiments and rolling back features that don’t work out History from the first simple interpreter to today's real programming language Design considerations around package management and versioning Participation in Advent of Code to gain new users and feedback Providing performance optimization tools to users in the future Tradeoffs involved in picking integer types and arithmetic Comparing floats and equality checks on dictionaries Using abilities to customize equality for custom types Ensuring availability of multiple package versions for incremental upgrades Treating major version bumps as separate artifacts Roc's focus on single-threaded performance Links mentioned in this episode Software Unscripted Podcast https://feeds.resonaterecordings.com/software-unscripted Roc Programming Language https://www.roc-lang.org/ Roc Lang on Github https://github.com/roc-lang/roc Elm Programming Language https://elm-lang.org/ Elm in Action by Richard Feldman https://www.manning.com/books/elm-in-action Richard Feldman on Github https://github.com/rtfeldman Lua Programming Language https://www.lua.org/ Vimscript Guide https://google.github.io/styleguide/vimscriptfull.xml OCaml Programming Language https://ocaml.org/ Advent of Code https://adventofcode.com/ Roc Language on Twitter https://twitter.com/roclang Richard Feldman on Twitter https://twitter.com/rtfeldman Roc Zulip Chat https://roc.zulipchat.com Clojure Programming Language https://clojure.org/ Talk: Persistent Data Structures and Managed References by Rich Hickey https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=toD45DtVCFM Koka Programming Language https://koka-lang.github.io/koka/doc/index.html Flix Programming Language https://flix.dev/ Clojure Transients https://clojure.org/reference/transients Haskell Software Transactional Memory https://wiki.haskell.org/Softwaretransactional_memory Rust Traits https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch10-02-traits.html CoffeeScript https://coffeescript.org/ Cargo Package Management https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch01-03-hello-cargo.html Versioning in Golang https://research.swtch.com/vgo-principles Special Guests: José Valim and Richard Feldman.

It’s the Season 10 finale of the Elixir Wizards podcast! José Valim, Guillaume Duboc, and Giuseppe Castagna join Wizards Owen Bickford and Dan Ivovich to dive into the prospect of types in the Elixir programming language! They break down their research on set-theoretical typing and highlight their goal of creating a type system that supports as many Elixir idioms as possible while balancing simplicity and pragmatism. José, Guillaume, and Giuseppe talk about what initially sparked this project, the challenges in bringing types to Elixir, and the benefits that the Elixir community can expect from this exciting work. Guillaume's formalization and Giuseppe's "cutting-edge research" balance José's pragmatism and "Guardian of Orthodoxy" role. Decades of theory meet the needs of a living language, with open challenges like multi-process typing ahead. They come together with a shared joy of problem-solving that will accelerate Elixir's continued growth. Key Topics Discussed in this Episode: Adding type safety to Elixir through set theoretical typing How the team chose a type system that supports as many Elixir idioms as possible Balancing simplicity and pragmatism in type system design Addressing challenges like typing maps, pattern matching, and guards The tradeoffs between Dialyzer and making types part of the core language Advantages of typing for catching bugs, documentation, and tooling The differences between typing in the Gleam programming language vs. Elixir The possibility of type inference in a set-theoretic type system The history and development of set-theoretic types over 20 years Gradual typing techniques for integrating typed and untyped code How José and Giuseppe initially connected through research papers Using types as a form of "mechanized documentation" The risks and tradeoffs of choosing syntax Cheers to another decade of Elixir! A big thanks to this season’s guests and all the listeners! Links and Resources Mentioned in this Episode: Bringing Types to Elixir | Guillaume Duboc & Giuseppe Castagna | ElixirConf EU 2023 (https://youtu.be/gJJH7a2J9O8) Keynote: Celebrating the 10 Years of Elixir | José Valim | ElixirConf EU 2022 (https://youtu.be/Jf5Hsa1KOc8) OCaml industrial-strength functional programming https://ocaml.org/ ℂDuce: a language for transformation of XML documents http://www.cduce.org/ Ballerina coding language https://ballerina.io/ Luau coding language https://luau-lang.org/ Gleam type language https://gleam.run/ "The Design Principles of the Elixir Type System" (https://www.irif.fr/_media/users/gduboc/elixir-types.pdf) by G. Castagna, G. Duboc, and J. Valim "A Gradual Type System for Elixir" (https://dlnext.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3427081.3427084) by M. Cassola, A. Talagorria, A. Pardo, and M. Viera "Programming with union, intersection, and negation types" (https://www.irif.fr/~gc/papers/set-theoretic-types-2022.pdf), by Giuseppe Castagna "Covariance and Contravariance: a fresh look at an old issue (a primer in advanced type systems for learning functional programmers)" (https://www.irif.fr/~gc/papers/covcon-again.pdf) by Giuseppe Castagna "A reckless introduction to Hindley-Milner type inference" (https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/vTS8K4NBSi9iyCrPo/a-reckless-introduction-to-hindley-milner-type-inference) Special Guests: Giuseppe Castagna, Guillaume Duboc, and José Valim.

In this episode of the Elixir Wizards podcast, hosts Sundi Myint and Owen Bickford are joined by Hugo Baraúna, founder at Elixir Radar, and Lucas San Roman, senior software engineer at Felt. We dive into the future of the Elixir community, how we stay connected, and the remarkable culture that has developed over the past decade. Key highlights in this episode: The Elixir community's warm and inviting atmosphere Commitment to long-term stability and innovation in the Elixir community How projects like Nerves, Phoenix LiveView, and Livebook expand Elixir's capabilities Global connections and support among Elixirists via Slack and Discord The Elixir Radar newsletter provides up-to-date Elixir news and community developments Getting “nerd sniped” by the community Hugo Baraúna's motivation behind Elixir Radar and its impact on the tech industry Networking opportunities and relationship-building within the community Lucas San Roman's commitment to giving back with the Sourcerer Library Plans for more advanced collaboration in Livebook with the new Teams feature The potential introduction of a type system in Elixir Links mentioned in this episode: Elixir Radar: https://elixir-radar.com/ Felt: https://felt.com/ Ruby Weekly: https://rubyweekly.com/ The Elixir Discord Server: https://discord.com/invite/elixir Code Fragment: https://hexdocs.pm/elixir/Code.Fragment.html The Sourcerer Library: https://github.com/doorgan/sourceror Livebook: https://livebook.dev/ Lucas’ Blog: https://dorgan.ar/ Hugo’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/hugobarauna Elixir Radar on Twitter: https://twitter.com/elixirradar Livebook on Twitter: https://twitter.com/livebookdev Lucas’ Twitter https://twitter.com/dorgan Guillaume Duboc Bringing Types to Elixir at ElixirConf EU 2023 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gJJH7a2J9O8) Lucas on GitHub: https://github.com/doorgan Rooster Fighter on Easter Island (https://preview.redd.it/7v4aqvvtcwk61.jpg?width=960&crop=smart&auto=webp&v=enabled&s=a6ec117965d192f4f32a68ace90388424d15ba29) Rooster Fighter at Iguazu Falls in Argentina (https://i.kym-cdn.com/photos/images/newsfeed/002/038/658/2c4) Use code WIZARD for $100 off your ticket to Empex NYC (https://ti.to/empex-ny/empex-nyc-2023) in Brooklyn, NY on June 9, 2023 Special Guests: Hugo Baraúna and Lucas San Roman.

Today on Elixir Wizards, José Valim, creator of the Elixir programming language, joins hosts Sundi Myint and Owen Bickford to discuss the future of Elixir, upcoming features, changes to the language and ecosystem, and the potential for a type system. José discusses how Elixir’s extensibility allows the ecosystem to grow with new tools and libraries, all while requiring few languages to the core language. Key Takeaways: The origin of the famous rainbow heart combo José’s hands-off approach to planning the ecosystem which allows community contribution without reliance on the core team The success and growth of the Elixir community Lessons learned in the first ten years of the language The evolution of Elixir's documentation and the role of Livebook in creating more interactive and engaging learning experiences The potential for Elixir Nx to make numerical computation, machine learning, and data science more accessible to Elixir developers Potential implementation of a gradual type system and the importance of backwards compatibility The role of the Elixir community in shaping the language's development and ecosystem, including the importance of open-source contributions Whether we’ll see Elixir 2.0 in the next decade Links mentioned in this episode: Josė Valim Keynote ElixirConf EU Bringing Elixir to Life (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xItzdrzY1Dc) Dashbit - https://dashbit.co/ Elixir programming language: https://elixir-lang.org/ ElixirConf: https://elixirconf.com/ ElixirForum: https://elixirforum.com/ Elixir's Logger library: https://hexdocs.pm/logger/Logger.html José's Twitter: https://twitter.com/josevalim ElixirLS (Elixir Language Server) https://github.com/elixir-lsp/elixir-ls Mermaid Charts in Livebook - https://news.livebook.dev/date/2022/1 IEx - https://hexdocs.pm/iex/1.14/IEx.html Numerical Elixir - Nx: https://hexdocs.pm/nx/getting-started.html Nerves: https://hexdocs.pm/nerves/getting-started.html Membrane: https://hexdocs.pm/membrane/getting-started.html Dialyxir: https://hexdocs.pm/dialyxir/readme.html LiveBook: https://hexdocs.pm/livebook/getting-started.html Bumblebee: https://github.com/elixir-nx/bumblebee Special Guest: José Valim.

It’s the season 10 premiere of the Elixir Wizards podcast! Sundi Myint, Owen Bickford, and Dan Ivovich kick off the season with a spirited conversation about what they hope to see in the future of the Elixir programming language, experiences that inform their predictions, and excitement for this season’s lineup of guests. They touch on how Elixir has evolved in the previous ten years and how the range of use cases has expanded beyond web development. The hosts introduce the season 10 theme: The Next Ten Years of Elixir Dan explains his initial hesitation and how he was ultimately won over by the language Owen talks about functional programming and why Elixir piqued his interest Sundi compares Elixir to other languages she’s worked with and why she thinks it’s more intuitive and readable Sundi talks about her recent experience using Flutter for mobile application development The hosts express excitement about the various ways Elixir is currently being used and its potential for growth The Wizards express interest in hearing from guests this season to gain more perspective They discuss Phoenix, LiveView, documentation, Flutter, Dart, and resources available to the Elixir community, and the benefits of being fluent in different programming languages Owen suggests that Elixir and Phoenix are optimal for projects with limited resources and leaner teams They highlight the importance of building resource-efficient apps that work well on low-powered devices Dan expresses his desire to embrace types more but acknowledges that a first-party typing system is unlikely The speakers discuss how Elixir has made complex tasks more accessible through features like LiveView, Phoenix Presence, WebSockets, Pub/Sub, Nerves, and ML libraries They express excitement about the possibilities for the future of Elixir Links mentioned in this episode: SmartLogic — https://smartlogic.io/ SmartLogic Twitter — https://twitter.com/smartlogic Axon – https://hexdocs.pm/axon/Axon.html Bumblebee – https://hex.pm/packages/bumblebee HEEx – https://hexdocs.pm/phoenixliveview/assigns-eex.html Phoenix LiveView – https://hexdocs.pm/phoenixliveview/Phoenix.LiveView.html Numerical Elixir – https://hexdocs.pm/nx/intro-to-nx.html Hugging Face – https://huggingface.co/docs Flutter – https://docs.flutter.dev/ Dart – https://dart.dev/ Broadway – https://hexdocs.pm/broadway/Broadway.html Phoenix Presence – https://hexdocs.pm/phoenix/Phoenix.Presence.html Nerves – https://hexdocs.pm/nerves/getting-started.html WebSocket – https://hexdocs.pm/web_socket/readme.html

This week, Ben and Paul are flying as a duo, a true dad-cast. We walk through the slow build of increasingly complex keyboard macros, followed by the inevitable cleansing and renewal of an empty slate. Pus, type systems and type safety, the galaxy brain edition.

• Blog post on Reimplementation of Implicitly Unwrapped Optionals: https://swift.org/blog/iuo
• SE-0054 Abolish ImplicitlyUnwrappedOptional type: https://github.com/apple/swift-evolution/blob/master/proposals/0054-abolish-iuo.md

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