Logo
    Search

    #494: The Inspiring Story of One of WWII's Greatest Tank Gunners

    enMarch 27, 2019

    Podcast Summary

    • From quiet kid to great tank gunner: The untold story of Clarence SmoyerDiscover the importance of commitment, teamwork, and love for fellow soldiers through the inspiring tale of a World War II tank gunner.

      Makos, who has become one of the premier World War II historians at a young age, shares how his passion for these stories began in his middle and high school years when he felt out of place discussing the topic with his peers. He credits the recent renaissance in appreciating World War II history to various factors, including movies, video games, and the Art of Manliness community. Makos's third book, "Spearhead," follows the story of Clarence Smoyer, a quiet kid from Pennsylvania coal country who became one of the greatest tank gunners of World War II history. The book highlights the importance of commitment, teamwork, and love for one's fellow soldiers, lessons that Makos believes are relevant for members of the social media age. Makos's dedication to keeping these stories alive is a testament to the enduring value of history and the importance of honoring those who came before us.

    • A young man's fascination with veteran stories leads to a magazine and then epic booksStarting from a fascination with veterans' stories, a young man transforms a magazine into a platform for publishing epic books, learning from mistakes and failure along the way.

      The appreciation for military heroes passed down from his grandfathers led a young man to start a magazine dedicated to veteran stories, which eventually evolved into writing and publishing epic books. Growing up, he was captivated by their war stories and shared their admiration for heroes like John Basilone and Joe Foss. With his first computer and publishing software, he and his friends started their little publication, interviewing local veterans. Their work was met with open doors from veterans at all levels, from Dick Winters to the local mailman who flew B-24s. The magazine work served as his training ground for writing, learning through mistakes and failure, which eventually led to his first book, "A Higher Call," at the age of 32, that put him on the map. The story of the American bomber and the German fighter's decision to spare it, carried by the strength of the tale, catapulted his writing career.

    • Uncovering human stories of change and growth in warBestselling author Roger finds success by sharing deeply moving stories of individuals who changed and inspired others during war, often discovered through unexpected sources.

      Bestselling author Roger realizes that the most compelling war stories are those that showcase humanity and personal growth, rather than just focusing on body counts and battle records. He looks for stories of individuals who changed and inspired others, often discovering these hidden heroes through unexpected sources. The success of his books, such as "A Higher Call" and "Spearhead," comes from these deeply moving and inspiring stories that resonate with readers. While some stories find him, others require active pursuit, but he believes there is a greater purpose at work in guiding him to the right stories.

    • The Unsung Hero of Tank Warfare: The Third Armor Division SpearheadThe third armor division, spearhead, played a crucial role in World War II with deep drives behind enemy lines, but the primary tank, the Sherman, became outmatched, highlighting the complexities of military strategy during wartime.

      Tank warfare played a crucial role in World War II, particularly for the Americans, with the unsung hero being the third armor division, spearhead. This division, which lost more tanks and men than other divisions, was known for their deep drives behind enemy lines, causing mayhem and confusion. The primary tank used by the Americans was the Sherman, which was effective in 1942 but became outmatched by German tanks like the Panther and Tiger as the war progressed. Despite the strategic importance of upgrading tanks, the Americans were reluctant due to logistical challenges of shipping tanks from the US and the success of the Sherman in deep drives. This is a fascinating reminder of the complexities and nuances of military strategy during wartime.

    • Sherman tank crew's camaraderie and dedicationIn the face of German superior tanks, Sherman crew's strong bond and determination to protect each other made them a formidable force.

      Despite the limitations of the Sherman tank during World War II, its crew members, like Clarence, were highly effective due to their strong camaraderie and dedication to keeping each other alive. The Germans had superior tanks with more advanced armor and firepower, but the Sherman crew's morale and teamwork were crucial factors in combat. The Sherman's armor and weaponry were outdated compared to the Germans', leading to high casualty rates when they faced the Panther and Tiger tanks. Soldiers even had to improvise by adding their own armor to the Sherman tanks. However, the Sherman's crew members' close bond and determination to protect one another made them a formidable force.

    • Ordinary soldiers' courage and resourcefulnessSoldiers overcame challenges with outdated equipment, discovered hidden talents, and demonstrated resilience and determination in extraordinary circumstances.

      The courage and resourcefulness of individual soldiers played a significant role in the success of the Allied forces during World War II. Despite facing challenges with outdated equipment, they found innovative ways to improve their tanks' armor and protection. The introduction of the Pershing tank brought excitement and hope, but also meant taking on the responsibility of leading attacks. Clarence Moyer, a drafted corporal, discovered his hidden talent as a gunner during training and reluctantly took on this role, demonstrating the importance of making the most of one's abilities and not wanting to let down one's comrades. Overall, the story highlights the resilience and determination of ordinary soldiers in extraordinary circumstances.

    • The Battle of the Bulge: A Turning Point for Two SoldiersTwo young men, Clarence and Gustaf, from impoverished backgrounds, faced off during the Battle of the Bulge, highlighting the human cost of war and the similarities between enemies.

      The Battle of the Bulge was a turning point in the story of Clarence Adams, a young American soldier during World War II. Clarence, who grew up impoverished and had to sell candy bars door-to-door to help support his family, was drafted at 19 and went to battle when he was 21. The Battle of the Bulge was a significant victory for the Allies, but it also marked the beginning of their entry into the Third Reich, which was expected to be even more challenging. Clarence, who had been a successful gunner, was given the Pershing tank to lead his troops into the biggest battle of the war, the city of Cologne. Meanwhile, the German side was represented by Gustaf Shafer, a young tank radio operator from an impoverished family who dreamed of being a locomotive conductor. The similarities between Clarence and Gustaf, both raised in poverty and drafted into the war as teenagers, add depth to the story and highlight the human cost of war. Despite the age difference and opposing sides, their experiences and backgrounds were strikingly similar.

    • Unexpected connections formed between unlikely heroes during WWIIDespite fighting under opposing flags, Gustav and Clarence found common ground in their duty to protect their families, illustrating the complexities of war and the human desire to connect even in the most dire circumstances.

      During the height of World War II, two unlikely heroes, Gustav and Clarence, found common ground in their duty to protect their families, despite fighting under opposing flags. Gustav, a German farmer, treated a Russian POW with respect and compassion, defying the rules to share meals with him. Gustav's reluctance to fight for the Nazis was evident, but his sense of duty to his family and community drove him to the battlefield. Meanwhile, Clarence, an African American tank commander, led his troops fearlessly into battle, accepting his role as the leader of the charge. Both men's stories illustrate the complexities of war and the human desire to protect loved ones, even in the most dire circumstances. Their shared experiences and encounters during the Battle of Cologne highlight the unexpected connections that can form in the midst of conflict.

    • The grueling and unpredictable Battle for Cologne during WWIIAmerican soldiers faced unconventional threats from German forces, using clever strategies to outmaneuver enemy tanks, but victory was often short-lived due to ambushes and unexpected attacks.

      The battle for Cologne during World War II was a challenging and deadly experience for American soldiers. Clarence, a tank gunner, faced numerous threats from German soldiers with unconventional weapons and fortified positions. During a duel between his Pershing tank and a Panther tank commanded by Gustav, Clarence used a clever strategy to knock out the German tank by shooting through a crumbling building. However, the victory was short-lived as an ambush occurred, and two Sherman tanks approaching the cathedral were destroyed. Among the soldiers, Carl Kellner, a brave and experienced tank commander, was poised to claim victory but was unfortunately caught in the ambush. The battle for Cologne was a grueling and unpredictable experience for both sides, with each side suffering significant losses.

    • A soldier's quick thinking saves the dayA brave soldier's adaptability and quick thinking turned the tide in a battle, saving his crew and contributing to victory despite personal sacrifice.

      The selfless actions of a single soldier, Clarence Smoyer, turned the tide during a pivotal moment in the Battle of Hürtgen Forest during World War II. Facing a German Panther tank, Clarence and his crew had a plan to engage the enemy and retreat. However, when the driver saw the muzzle of the enemy tank, he panicked and accelerated, throwing their tank into the intersection. Clarence, with quick reflexes, fired without aiming and hit the Panther in the back. The shock and terror caused the German crew to abandon their tank, but they continued to fight until Clarence fired again, ensuring their defeat. Despite the loss of his leg, Clarence's bravery and quick thinking saved the lives of his crew and contributed to the eventual victory. The story illustrates the importance of courage, adaptability, and teamwork in the face of adversity.

    • The common experience of war shaped the humility and dedication of soldiers like ClarenceDuring WWII, the majority of people knew someone fighting, leading soldiers to view their actions as duty and remain humble despite heroic actions. The war's end marked the end of an era of collective sacrifice.

      The humility and dedication of World War II veterans, like Clarence, were shaped by the collective experience of a nation at war. Unlike today's military, where a smaller percentage of the population serves, during World War II, the majority of people knew someone who was fighting. This common experience led soldiers to view their actions as simply doing their duty. Clarence, the best gunner of World War II, was no exception. Despite his heroic actions, he remained humble and focused on his job. The war's end came with the capture of the Ruhr Valley, Germany's industrial heart, and Clarence's unit, Spearhead, made a remarkable 100-mile drive behind enemy lines to help secure this vital region. This mission marked the end of the war and the end of an era of collective sacrifice.

    • The Battle of Patterborne: Clarence's final showdownClarence's military career culminated in a hard-fought battle against German armor schools in Patterborne, ending with a personal connection to a German soldier post-war.

      The battle of Patterborne was a pivotal moment in Clarence's military career. This small town, home to German armor schools, was where the German troops and their tanks concentrated. The final showdown between the Allied forces and the German armor cadre resulted in a hard-fought battle for Clarence, marking the end of his military service. After the war, Clarence returned home and tried to put the past behind him, but he later reconnected with Gustav, a German soldier he had encountered in Cologne, creating an unexpected connection between their wartime experiences.

    • Former enemies find friendship and connectionFormer enemies Clarence and Gustav defied time and circumstance to form a deep friendship, finding healing and peace through their shared experiences and sense of humor.

      The power of reconciliation and connection can overcome the deepest-rooted conflicts and traumas. Clarence and Gustav, former enemies during World War II, defied the odds of time and circumstance to meet and form a friendship. Their shared experiences and sense of humor allowed them to bond, and their exchange of stories and memories proved to be therapeutic for Clarence, who had kept his war experiences bottled up for decades. Through their unlikely friendship, they were able to reframe their past and find peace. Even today, they continue to connect through technology, proving that it's never too late to bridge the gaps of the past. During the book tour for their story, Clarence, now 95 years old, joined forces with Adam to share their remarkable journey with the world.

    • A tale of sacrifice and generosityUnselfish actions of heroes challenge societal norms, inspiring us to remember and honor their sacrifices

      The story serves as a reminder of the ultimate sacrifice and generosity shown by a generation of warriors, and challenges the current societal norms of self-centeredness. Clarence's actions, which include leading his troops into battle knowing the danger, and receiving a long-overdue homecoming surprise, demonstrate the power of unselfishness and the importance of not forgetting the sacrifices made by our heroes. The experience of working on the book and getting to know Clarence has changed the writer's perspective on life and made him more mindful of the impact of his actions. The story is a testament to the enduring values of courage, love, and generosity, and serves as an inspiration to remember and honor the past.

    • Remembering the Heroes and Their SacrificesExplore the stories of heroic men and their sacrifices through The Art of Manliness podcast and resources at aom.is/spearhead, and put what you've learned into action.

      The team behind The Art of Manliness, including Adam Makos, are dedicated to keeping the stories of heroic men alive. Makos, the author of Spearhead, emphasized the importance of remembering these men and their sacrifices. Listeners can continue to explore this topic by checking out the resources in the show notes at aom.is/spearhead. With over 490 podcast episodes and thousands of articles on various topics, ArtofManliness.com is a valuable resource for personal growth. To support the show, listeners are encouraged to leave a review on iTunes or Stitcher, and to share it with others. As always, the goal is not just to listen, but to put what you've heard into action.

    Recent Episodes from The Art of Manliness

    The Fascinating Differences Between Male and Female Friendships

    The Fascinating Differences Between Male and Female Friendships

    Friendships are a central part of the lives of both men and women. But from personal observation, you've probably noticed that the dynamics of male and female friendships aren't always the same. You may not, however, have been able to articulate what those differences are or have known what's behind them.

    While there's still a lot of facets of friendship that haven't yet been researched, Dr. Jaimie Krems, who runs UCLA's Social Minds Lab, has a lot of interesting insights about what we do know about how and why men and women approach friendship differently. Today on the show, she explains why men and women form friendships and the differences in the size and nature of their social circles, how long their friendships last, and what they look for in friends. We also discuss why men have a greater tolerance for their friends' flaws than women do, why men and women would want to be friends with each other, and how each sex experiences friendship jealousy.

    Resources Related to the Podcast

    Connect With Jaimie Krems

    The Art of Manliness
    enJune 26, 2024

    Systems and Tools for Stealing Back Hours of Productivity

    Systems and Tools for Stealing Back Hours of Productivity

    Businesses and individuals often feel overwhelmed and stretched — that they can't get done all the work they need to. The solution they frequently turn to is finding a new app to use or hiring more employees to spread the load.

    But my guest would say that you can steal back hours of productive time simply by using the tools and teams you have now, if you learn to use them in a more efficient way.

    Nick Sonnenberg is the founder and CEO of Leverage, an efficiency consulting business and the author of Come Up for Air: How Teams Can Leverage Systems and Tools to Stop Drowning in Work. Today on the show, Nick explains how people spend almost 60% of their time doing work about work, and why hiring more people can actually make the problem worse rather than better. He then shares his "CPR Business Efficiency Framework," and how making changes in how you communicate, plan, and manage resources can open up hours of time. We talk about how to organize your communication channels so your work day isn't taken up by what Nick calls "The Scavenger Hunt," one of the most underutilized tools for taming your inbox, how to stop wasting time on meetings, and tiny changes that will add up to many hours saved each year. Along the way, we talk about how some of these tactics can save you time in your personal life as well.

    Resources Related to the Podcast

    Connect With Nick Sonnenberg

    The Art of Manliness
    enJune 24, 2024

    EPISODE #1,000! Rules for the Modern Man

    EPISODE #1,000! Rules for the Modern Man

    Fifteen years and more than 200 million downloads later, this episode marks the 1,000th installment of the Art of Manliness podcast! It begins with a bit of a retrospective on the podcast and then segues into an interview with one of the show's earliest guests: Walker Lamond, author of Rules for My Unborn Son. Walker and I revisit the origins of the book and the early days of the internet and have a fun discussion of which of his rules have become obsolete and which remain evergreen. Tune in and enjoy!

    A big thanks to our listeners for helping us reach this cool milestone. The support is deeply appreciated!

    Resources Related to the Podcast

    The Art of Manliness
    enJune 19, 2024

    The Epic Adventures of America’s Forgotten Mountain Man

    The Epic Adventures of America’s Forgotten Mountain Man

    Plenty of famous explorers and frontiersmen emerged from America's periods of expansion and exploration, and today the likes of Daniel Boone, Kit Carson, and Davy Crockett remain household names.

    You're probably not familiar, but should be, with the name of another prominent pioneer: Jedediah Smith. Smith was a hunter, trapper, writer, cartographer, mountain man, and explorer who notched a lot of firsts: He was the first to lead a documented exploration from the Salt Lake frontier to the Colorado River and was part of the first parties of U.S. citizens to cross the Mojave Desert, the Sierra Nevada, and the Great Basin Desert. Having survived three attacks by Native Americans and one mauling by a grizzly bear, Smith's explorations became resources for those who followed after and led to the use of the South Pass as the dominant route across the Continental Divide for pioneers on the Oregon Trail.

    In the new book he co-authored, Throne of Grace: A Mountain Man, an Epic Adventure, and the Bloody Conquest of the American West, my guest, Bob Drury, uses the oft-forgotten Smith as a guide to an oft-forgotten period in American history. Today on the show, Bob paints a picture of a volatile American landscape in which trappers and Native Americans collided and clashed in the early decades of the 19th century. We discuss how the Lewis and Clark expedition created a lust for adventure among young men, how the humble beaver played an outsized role in settling the Western frontier, and how warfare changed amongst Native American tribes with the introduction of the horse. Along the way, Bob shows us how the life of Jed Smith intersected with all these historic trends and shares the epic exploits that he and other mountain men took part in while exploring and mapping the American West.

    Resources Related to the Podcast

    The Art of Manliness
    enJune 17, 2024

    Dad's Essential Role in Making Kids Awesome

    Dad's Essential Role in Making Kids Awesome

    As compared to mothers, fathers are sometimes thought of as a secondary, almost superfluous, parent.

    But my guest says that fathers actually saved the human race, and continue to do so today.

    Anna Machin is an evolutionary anthropologist, a pioneer of fatherhood science, and the author of Life Of Dad. Today on the show, we talk about the role of fathers in human history and how their main role continues to be teaching kids the skills they need to take risks, become independent, and navigate the world beyond their family. We also talk about the physiological changes that happen when a man becomes a father and how dads are just as biologically primed as mothers to parent. In the second half of our conversation, we talk about the experience of being a dad. Anna shares how long it typically takes a man to bond with a baby and transition into the role of fatherhood, how roughhousing is key in building that bond as well as developing your child's resilience, and how your personality and background will affect your parenting. We end our conversation with the difference in how the relationship between Mom and Dad affects how they parent, and the implications of that for building a strong family.

    Resources Related to the Podcast

    Connect With Anna Machin

    The Art of Manliness
    enJune 12, 2024

    The Laws of Connection — The Scientific Secrets of Building Stronger Relationships

    The Laws of Connection — The Scientific Secrets of Building Stronger Relationships

    Everyone has heard about the incredible benefits that come to mind, body, and spirit from having strong relationships. The quality of our social ties has a huge impact on our physical and mental health and our overall feeling of flourishing.

    Yet many people still struggle to create these strong relationships in their lives, and often figure that things like weakening communities and digital technology are to blame.

    But my guest says that the barriers to establishing bonds with others may actually be more psychological than physical, and he shares research-backed tips for breaking through them in his new book, The Laws of Connection: The Scientific Secrets of Building a Strong Social Network. Today on the show, David discusses how we can feel lonely even when we're surrounded by people if we don't have what he calls a "shared reality." We then discuss ways to build that shared reality with others. We talk about why frenemies are so bad for you, how to overcome the "liking gap," why you might want to interrupt someone to connect with them, the need to be aware of the novelty penalty in conversations, why you should stop telling white lies, and much more.

    Resources Related to the Podcast

    Connect With David Robson

    The Art of Manliness
    enJune 10, 2024

    Remembering D-Day 80 Years Later

    Remembering D-Day 80 Years Later

    On D-Day, June 6, 1944, 160,000 troops participated in the invasion of Normandy. Today just a few thousand of these veterans are still alive, with the youngest in their late nineties. As their voices, and those of the million combatants and leaders who swept into motion across Europe 80 years ago, fall silent and pass from living history, Garrett Graff has captured and compiled them in a new book: When the Sea Came Alive: An Oral History of D-Day.

    Drawing on his project of sifting through and synthesizing 5,000 oral histories, today Garrett takes us back to what was arguably the most consequential day in modern history and helps unpack the truly epic sweep of the operation, which was hard to fathom even then, and has become even more difficult to grasp with the passage of time. We talk about how unbelievably involved the planning process for D-Day was, stories you may never have heard before, a couple of the myths around D-Day, and the sacrificial heroism born of this event that continues to live on.

    Resources Related to the Podcast

    Connect With Garrett Graff

    Black and white image of soldiers during D-Day with the title
    The Art of Manliness
    enJune 05, 2024

    Why You're So Bad at Giving and Receiving Compliments (And How to Fix That)

    Why You're So Bad at Giving and Receiving Compliments (And How to Fix That)

    Over a decade ago, I remember reading a story that stuck with me. I think it was connected to the famous Harvard Study on Adult Development that studied a group of men across their lifetimes, but I can no longer find the reference. A much-beloved doctor, upon his retirement, was given a notebook filled with letters of praise and appreciation from his patients. After he received it, he put it up in his attic, and never opened it or read the letters.

    I've often thought of this story since I first heard it, wondering about what motivated the doctor's behavior, and the larger question of why praise is typically welcomed and makes us feel good, but can also make people feel uncomfortable or embarrassed.

    In today's episode, I take a stab at answering this question with Christopher Littlefield, a speaker and consultant who specializes in employee appreciation. But first, we talk about the power of recognition, why we can be so stingy in giving compliments, how compliments can go wrong, and how we can offer them more effectively. We then turn to why getting compliments can make you cringe, how people deflect them and how this deflection affects relationships, and how to get better at receiving compliments graciously.

    Resources Related to the Podcast

    Connect With Christopher Littlefield

    The Art of Manliness
    enJune 03, 2024

    A Guide to Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance

    A Guide to Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance

    This year marks the 50th anniversary of the publication of the book Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance by Robert Pirsig. It's a peculiar book, especially for a bestseller. Not a lot of it is actually about zen or motorcycle maintenance, it combines a travelogue, a father/son story, and philosophical musings, and the structure of its narration makes it hard to follow. Thus, it's the kind of book people often buy, start, and then put down without finishing.

    That's initially what happened to Mark Richardson, an author and automotive journalist who was born in the UK but has lived most of his life in Canada. But when the book finally clicked for Mark, he was so inspired by it that he actually undertook Pirsig's motorcycle pilgrimage himself. Mark shares that story in Zen and Now, which intersperses stories from his own road trip with an exploration of Pirsig's life and famous book.

    If you've wanted to read Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance, but haven't been able to get into it, today Mark will offer an introduction to what it's all about. We discuss Pirsig's ideas on the metaphysics of quality and our relationship to technology, and how he tried to combine the ethos of Eastern and Western thought into a unified philosophy of living. We also get into why Mark wanted to recreate Pirsig's road trip, the joys of traveling by motorcycle, and what Mark learned along the way.

    Resources Related to the Podcast

    Connect With Mark Richardson

    The Art of Manliness
    enMay 29, 2024

    Tactics and Mindset Shifts for Making the Most of Life

    Tactics and Mindset Shifts for Making the Most of Life

    Note: This is a rebroadcast

    Matthew Dicks wears a lot of hats. Among other things, he’s a storyteller, communications consultant, writer, and schoolteacher. In order to excel in his professional life, as well as do what he loves in his personal life, he’s developed a set of strategies that help him be more creative and productive, and can be used by anyone who wants to start making the most of life.

    Matt writes about these tactics and mindset shifts in his latest book Someday Is Today: 22 Simple, Actionable Ways to Propel Your Creative Life, and he shares some of them with us today on the show, including why you need to think in minutes, be an eagle rather than a mouse, practice deliberate incuriosity, and always do your best to act like a decent human being. Along the way, Matt and I talk about why you should floss in the shower and how restaurants that make guacamole at your table are a great example of the folly of making a thing, a thing.

    Resources Related to the Podcast

    Connect With Matthew Dicks


     

    The Art of Manliness
    enMay 27, 2024

    Related Episodes

    The Pool of Armed Might

    The Pool of Armed Might

    Allied victory had rescued humanity from a dark future, but for President Truman and his administration, the celebrations were short lived. There were still a number of challenges that remained, including the demobilization of millions of men and women, reshaping the economy without putting millions out of work, growing racial tensions at home, and the looming threat of the nation’s burgeoning rivalry with the Soviet Union.

    Dark Enigma - Marijuana as a Funerary Rite and Memorial Day

    Dark Enigma - Marijuana as a Funerary Rite and Memorial Day
    Please be aware the stories, theories, re-enactments and language in this podcast are of an adult nature and can be disturbing, frightening and in some cases offensive. Listener Discretion is advised – there is very adult content ahead and you have been warned.

    Welcome heathens welcome to the world of the weird and unexplained. I’m your host, Nicole Delacroix and together, we will be investigating stories about the weird, wonderful, unexplained, eerie, scary and down-right unbelievable. There will be tales of ghosts, murder, supernatural beings and unexplained mysteries. So, sit back, grab your favorite drink, relax and prepare to be transported to today's dark Enigma....

    And on today’s Dark enigma we’ve got a two for one special. I have an interesting story about marijuana and I wanted to do something to commemorate Memorial Day on Monday. So, with that, we will still be playing our drinking game and as you know, the drinking game is only for those of us that are at home and have nowhere else to go tonight. The choice of beverage is yours, so choose your contagion accordingly… Alright, now for the game part how about every time I say pot that will be a single shot and every time I say Memorial, that will be a double shot. Yep, I know I’m freeking hilarious anyway, now that the business end is out of the way we can jump headfirst into today’s dark enigma… and the history of marijuana and funeral rites with a side of Memorial Day.

    Hot on the discovery of evidence that the first marijuana plant popped out of the ground on the Tibetan plateau 28 million years ago comes evidence of pot smoking and heavy group inhaling at a funeral in the Pamir Mountains of Central Asia about 2,500 years ago. Was this a way to help the mourning with their grief, celebrate the passing of a friend or promote more funerals?

    This phytochemical analysis indicates that cannabis plants were burned in wooden braziers during mortuary ceremonies at the Jirzankal Cemetery (ca. 500 BCE) in the eastern Pamirs region. This suggests cannabis was smoked as part of ritual and/or religious activities in western China by at least 2500 years ago and that the cannabis plants produced high levels of psychoactive compounds.

    159 - The Aztec Eagles

    159 - The Aztec Eagles

    When we think of the allied war effort it is all too easy to overlook some of the junior partners. In this episode, we are going to be looking at Mexico’s commitment to the Second World War. The Mexican Expeditionary Airforce would serve in the Philippines as the 201st Fighter Squadron known as the ‘Aztec Eagles’.

    I’m Joined by Walter Zapotoczny whose new book is The Aztec Eagles: The Forgotten Allies of the Second World War.

    Patreon:
    Patreon.com/ww2podcast