Afternoon Briefing Thursday 1st June

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The Times briefing for the morning of Wednesday 26th June. For more on these stories throughout the day tune into Times Radio - on DAB, online, through your smart speaker or on the Times Radio app.

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As congressional negotiations place asylum and other legal protection pathways at risk, and as we approach a 2024 election year with migration becoming a higher priority for voters in the United States, we found it important to discuss the current moment's complexities.

WOLA’s vice president for Programs, Maureen Meyer, former director for WOLA’s Mexico Program and co-founder of WOLA’s migration and border work, is joined by Mexico Program Director Stephanie Brewer, whose work on defense of human rights and demilitarization in Mexico has focused often on the rights of migrants, including a visit to the Arizona-Sonora border at the end of 2023.

This episode highlights some of the main migration trends and issues that we should all keep an eye on this year, including:

• Deterrence efforts will never reduce migration as long as the reasons people are fleeing remain unaddressed (the long-standing “root causes” approach). Such policies will only force people into more danger and fuel organized crime. “The question is not, are people going to migrate? The question is, where, how, and with who?”, explains Brewer.
• For this reason, maintaining consistent and reliable legal pathways is more important than ever, and the ongoing assaults on these pathways—including the right to seek asylum and humanitarian parole—are harmful and counterproductive.
• There can’t be a one-size-fits-all solution for the variety of populations currently in movement, and the focus should no longer be on ineffective policies of deterrence and enforcement. “It's a long term game that certainly doesn't fit on a bumper sticker for political campaigns,” Meyer points out.
• Organized crime is a huge factor in regional migration—both as a driver of migration and as a facilitator. Official corruption and impunity enable these systems, a point that migration policies often fail to address. Brewer notes that during her trip to Arizona's southern border in December 2023, the vast majority of migrants she spoke to were Mexican, and among them, the vast majority cited violence and organized crime as the driving factor. In recent months, Mexican families have been the number one nationality coming to the U.S.-Mexico border to seek asylum.
• It is a regional issue, not just a U.S. issue, as people are seeking asylum and integration in many different countries. Mexico, for instance, received 140,000 asylum applications in 2023. This makes integration efforts extremely important: many people arriving at the U.S.-Mexico border had attempted to resettle elsewhere first. “It's a twofold of the legal status itself, but then real integration efforts that are both economic and educational, but also addressing xenophobia and not creating resentment in local communities,” explains Meyer.

As the science of climate change becomes increasingly well understood, the ramifications of projected increases in temperature, changes to rainfall patterns, rises in sea-level and increase in extreme weather events require attention from policy-makers worldwide. This is particularly apparent in relation to migration, refugees and international security, with climate change acting as a threat multiplier to exacerbate existing tensions and instability.

The Institute of Environmental Studies, in conjunction with the Climate Change Research Centre, the Faculty of Law and the Refugee Council of Australia held a public forum at UNSW on these very issues featuring Professor Andy Pitman, Dr Jane McAdam and Anna Samson.

Visit http://www.ies.unsw.edu.au/ for more details.

Former Vice President Al Gore has said that climate change is predicted to lead to a billion climate refugees. But where do these predictions come from and are they realistic? We investigate the idea that floods, droughts, storms and sea level rise will cause a mass migration of people across borders.

Reporter and Producer: Tom Colls Sound Mix: James Beard Editor: Richard Vadon

(Photo: Floods in central Somalia Credit: Said Yusuf - WARSAME/EPA-EFE/REX/Shutterstock)

On the road again: la migration des oiseaux, 3e et dernier cycle, dédiés aux différents calendriers de migration. Qui part quand et pourquoi?

En Europe occidentale, seulement 10% des espèces ornithologiques sont entièrement sédentaires. La migration est donc une adaptation vitale adoptée par une grande partie des espèces pour assurer leur survie.

La migration, nous l’avons largement vu dans les cycles précédents, est un voyage aller-retour entre des sites de reproduction et des sites d'hivernage.

Dans l’hémisphère Nord, l'oiseau migrateur occupe sa zone de reproduction en été, migre à l'automne (migration postnuptiale) vers une aire d'hivernage occupée jusqu'à la fin de l'hiver. À la fin de la mauvaise saison, il entreprend une migration de retour (migration prénuptiale). La boucle est bouclée, fin du cycle annuel.

Quand partir ? Les oiseaux possèdent une sorte d'horloge interne. Elle leur permet d'organiser les différentes étapes de leur cycle de vie (reproduction, mue, migration…).

Pour se synchroniser sur le cycle des saisons, cette horloge interne est influencée par différents paramètres environnementaux (températures, variations des ressources alimentaires ... ), les plus importants étant la photopériode (durée du jour par rapport à celle de la nuit) et l'intensité lumineuse.

C'est la mélatonine, hormone centrale de régulation des rythmes chronobiologiques qui se fait la messagère de la photopériode.

Cette hormone est sécrétée principalement la nuit et inhibée le jour. La variation de la durée du jour entraîne des modifications de sécrétions de cette hormone et contribue ainsi à déclencher les différentes phases du cycle annuel des oiseaux.

En tout état de cause, dans cet épisode, nous parlons des juillettistes, des aoûtiens et des septembriens dans cet épisodes ...

Notre invité Adrien de Montaudouin est ornithologue et fondateur de l’association CPAL. Il nous a contactés en 2021 pour proposer un sujet sur sa passion, et c’est aujourd’hui chose faite.

Nos épisodes se basent sur l’excellent livre d’une autre jeune ornithologue, Maxime Zucca: La migration des oiseaux, comprendre les voyageurs du ciel.

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Tous les épisodes de la saga Migrations des oiseaux :
https://bit.ly/migrations_1_leg_defs_BSG

https://bit.ly/migrations_2_typ_dir_BSG

https://bit.ly/migrations_3_voi_zones_BSG

https://bit.ly/migrations_4_met_etudes_BSG

https://bit.ly/migrations_5_pilotg_nav_BSG

https://bit.ly/migrations_6_prepa_BSG

https://bit.ly/migrations_7_records_BSG

https://bit.ly/migrations_8_curiosites_BSG

https://bit.ly/migrations_9_ete_BSG

https://bit.ly/migrations_10_automne_BSG

https://bit.ly/migrations_11_hiver_BSG

https://bit.ly/migrations_12_printemps_BSG

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