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    Episode 37: The Business & Life Secrets of Warren Buffett’s Partner – Charlie Munger Part 2

    enJanuary 12, 2018

    About this Episode

     9 “Secrets and Rules For More Success and A Better Richer Life”

    Charlie Munger Part 1: https://youtu.be/b3gcUGvU53s

    If you want to get your own copy of Poor Charlie’s Almanack: Expended Third Edition here’s the link. http://amzn.to/2iIgtvX

    1) Understand “Cognitive Bias” and What Default Human Practices/Tendencies to Avoid

    Three Tendencies To Avoid While Making Life and Business Decisions:

    1) Bias from envy and jealousy, related from Buffett – “It’s not greed that drives the world…it’s envy.” 2) Avoid accepting delusional beliefs (sounds simple but…), and 3) Making closed minded judgments about people…remain open to learning from people who you at first dislike.  Here’s a link to a brief video reminder:

    https://www.cnbc.com/video/2017/06/28/3-psychological-habits-buffetts-partner-charlie-munger-warns-can-hurt-your-career.html

     

    https://youtu.be/sJgHvuTeryM

     

    2) Practice Frugality and Simplicity

    "One of the great defenses — if you're worried about inflation — is not to have a lot of silly needs in your life."

    According to CNBC: “Despite their success, Munger and Buffett are notably frugal.”

    Buffett goes to breakfast every day but often spends less that $4.00.

    Both Charlie and Warren have lived in modest homes and driven older-model cars most of their lives.  It was a habit they built to ensure that they had money to invest.

     

    3) Read Daily and Choose Your Reading Wisely

    "In my whole life, I have known no wise people who didn't read all the time — none, zero."

    The richest man in the world, Bill Gates,  reads 50 books a year, or Buffett, who spends as much as 80 percent of his day reading.

    Munger's been an avid reader since he was a kid and he notes that "By age eight both Thomas Jefferson and Benjamin Franklin had permanent places on the bookshelf above his bed."

    Dave Frees’ Tool To Do This Better

    Developing the ability to read with discipline and more effectively – set aside time to do it…everyday.

    Set aside time to think strategically about what you want to read.

    Reading rules:  Read the cover, intro, table of contents.  Then, and as you read, do a note card(s) with the essential ideas, copy and quotes you might later use and also a separate note card with action items/resources.  Once you’re done the book do a mind map on a card. Keep both in the front of the book but take the action item and resources card out and buy/acquire the resources and diary the action items.

     

    4) Develop the Right Habits and Use The Compounding Effect Of Knowledge and Wisdom

    "Spend each day trying to be a little better, smarter, and wiser than you were when you woke up."

     

    The wealthiest, most successful people tend to push themselves beyond their comfort zones and prior achievements.  They are constantly looking for ways to improve and Munger is no exception.

    Again, according to CNBC: "In Charlie's own life, when he was practicing law, he implemented a self-education regime for one hour a day to learn such things as real estate development and stock investing…He has often said that he is a much better investor at 90 than he was at 50, a fact he attributes to the compounding effect of knowledge."

    5) Rules For Business Owners & Career Advice:

    "Three rules for a career: 1) Don't sell anything you wouldn't buy yourself, 2) Don't work for (or hire) anyone you don't respect and admire, 3) Work only with people you enjoy."

    Dave’s Take on This: whenever you’re brainstorming new products and services, or the re-vamp of an existing one, make sure to repeatedly ask the question “Would I buy this for myself or another person?  If so Why?  And, “how could it be even better, simpler, and even easier to get the desired result?”

    And when it comes to hiring and working for clients/customers/patients, it’s not enough to know that you enjoy and respect them.  Try to understand what it is about people who you have, for years, enjoyed and respected, and why you feel that way.  This makes judgments about others in the future easier.

    6) Be A Renaissance Man or Woman And Learn Across Disciplines

    If you skillfully follow the multidisciplinary path, you will never wish to come back. It would be like cutting off your hands.”

    I paid no attention to the territorial boundaries of academic disciplines and I just grabbed all the big ideas that I could.” Munger

     

    https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-pat-flynn-show/id1253261458?mt=2

    Generalism

    7) Be Aware of Your Limits and Expand Them But Excel Within Them Don’t Get Ahead of Them

    It is remarkable how much long-term advantage people like us have gotten by trying to be consistently not stupid, instead of trying to be very intelligent.”

    I think Warren and I know the edge of our competency better than other people do.” Munger

    Think strategically and globally as you take on a project, about the following:

     

    • What are the upsides? Financially as well as in terms of happiness and team/work satisfaction/motivation
    • What are the risks? Financially and to all of the above.
    • What are our known and existing resources and strengths that are used here?
    • Where/How are we weak here?
    • Do others within the organization agree?
    • How have customer’s clients and patients rated us in these skill areas in past transactions?

     

     

    8) Build On Simplicity – Informed Simplicity

     

    Take a simple idea, and take it seriously.” Munger

     

    Ultimately, we build best when we build on simplicity and we are dedicated to simplifying.  Don’t start with ideas that are too complex. Find one that solves a basic need or problem is a new OR proven way that’s not previously or currently being applied to this market/problem/niche.  Build from there but continuously seek to “re-simplify.”

     

    9) Build A “Lattice” of Mental Models To Be Truly Effective In Every Aspect of Life

     

    “What are the models? Well, the first rule is that you've got to have multiple models because if you just have one or two that you're using, the nature of human psychology is such that you'll torture reality so that it fits your models, or at least you'll think it does. …

    And the models have to come from multiple disciplines because all the wisdom of the world is not to be found in one little academic department. That's why poetry professors, by and large, are so unwise in a worldly sense. They don't have enough models in their heads. So you've got to have models across a fair array of disciplines.

    You may say, “My God, this is already getting way too tough.” But, fortunately, it isn't that tough because 80 or 90 important models will carry about 90% of the freight in making you a worldly wise person. And, of those, only a mere handful really carry very heavy freight.  Munger

    Here’s an amazing resource on Munger and models:

    https://www.farnamstreetblog.com/mental-models/

    The categories from which we derive useful mental models/frameworks of thinking and more accurately understanding the world:

     

    Mathematics and Statistics

    Biology

    Human Nature and Judgment

    Military and Covert Warfare

    Improved Thinking & Psychology

    Systems Thinking

    Physics of the Observable World and Quantum Mechanics

    Micro Economics

     

    And when we align our lives and practices with not only our principles and values but also with the “laws of nature” and a better way of thinking (a matrix of mental models) then things start to get really good.

     

    There are hundreds of models under each category above, but let me suggest a few that you learn and consider in the future as you: 1) develop products and services, 2) solve problems for yourself, team and clients, 3) launch new marketing and sales  efforts and campaigns, 4) improve your profitability, systems, and the value of your practice as well as, 5) taking actions to radically improve your relationships and personal life.

     

    Mathematics and Statistics:

     

    Compounding and the time value of money – Once we understand the power of compounding of money, we can begin to understand the time value of money AND that compounding might apply to other things as well.  For example, if we understand the time value of money we may stop giving away value by allowing clients to pay us over long periods of time.  

    Can’t be done?  Yes it can but you need to think more deeply.  

     

    Can you alter who you attract?  Can you offer multiple payments but with interest or at a higher price?

     

    Likewise, when we understand compounding in one way (of money) we can start to think about building skills earlier and reaping the reward of getting better and better sooner.

     

    For example, I learned a set of skills as a negotiator and interrogator that I have used since my twenties. Had I learned them later I’d have left millions of dollars on the table over the years.  And, I’m better than ever now and can use these skills is more imaginative ways, across multiple disciplines to make even more and to limit downside risk.

     

    Pareto’s Principle  - Otherwise known as the 80/20 rule.  

    Once we learn that 20 percent of most societies seem to amass 80% of the wealth (across cultures, religions, nations, and throughout time) we begin to realize that we use 20% of our homes 80% of the time and that 80% of the time we are wearing the same 20% of our shoes and clothes.

     

    This leads us to understand that 20% of our marketing and advertising gets us most of the results (but not always the 20% of the clients that yield/pay us 80% of our profits or the 20% who make 80% of the best referral.  That 20% of our team accomplishes 80% of the tasks. When we do we can look at hiring, training, client selection, lines of business and service, and our advertising and marketing in a totally different (and more effective and profitable) way.

     

    The laws of small and large numbers - One of the fundamental underlying assumptions of probability is that as more instances of an event occur, the actual results will converge on the expected ones.

     

    For example, if we know that the average man is 5 feet 10 inches tall, we’re far more likely to get an average of 5′10″ by selecting 1,000 men at random than 5 men at random.

     

    The opposite of this model is the law of small numbers, which states that small samples can and should be looked at with great skepticism.

     

    Can you think how this might apply to thinking about a sales letter, Facebook advertising, reviewing resumes?

     

    Biology:

    Adaptation

    Species tend to adapt to their surroundings and changes in their surrounding.. But, the adaptations made in an individual organism’s  lifetime are not passed down genetically. Rather, whole Populations of species adapt through the process of evolution by natural selection, as the most-fit offspring of the species survive in the new and changed environment and are then able to reproduce at an above-average rate.

    Can this help us in business?  

    Well, think about testing and marketing.  The landscape recently changed dramatically for trusts and estate lawyers.  For most of their clients, the old motivations to do planning…the federal estate tax…is now gone.  So what to do?  What will get them to act in this new, and tax friendlier environment?

    Before we create or offer a new product or service in a full launch and expensive rollout (where we dedicate enormous resources that cannot easily be recovered) it might be useful to offer a few variations based on our theory of what’s best in a new legal environment.  One or two of our tests may substantially outperform the others (as they did).  Then and only then do we put our resources behind a broader release of the real survivors.

     The Red Queen Effect (The Arms Race of Genetic and current Adaptation)

    As the above blog observes, “The evolution-by-natural-selection model leads to something of an arms race among species competing for limited resources.”  Thus, when one species acquires an advantageous adaptation, a competing species must also adapt in some equal or better way or it will fail as a species.

    Essentially, this model tells us that staying in the same place, can mean falling behind or dying out. This evolutionary arms race is called the Red Queen Effect for the character in Alice in Wonderland who said, “Now, here, you see, it takes all the running you can do, to keep in the same place.”

    So, this gets us thinking about the need for constant reinvention or at least about being aware of changes in the environment and in our competition.

    It also suggests both an advantage in being innovative and able to cloak or hide the innovation from our competitors for as long as possible. It means we have to develop ways of working smarter NOT just harder.

    Finally, if we bring different models to bear there is also a model from warfare that tells us that splitting our forces diminishes their power and makes error more likely.  So do we do ourselves harm by splitting our energies and resources and developing new services and products when our existing ones are still going strong?

    Now we know we’re getting somewhere because our models have conflicting things to tell us and we have to think about it even more.

    Complicated? Yes.

    Extremely powerful?  You Bet.

    Human Nature and Judgment:

    Trust

    Fundamentally, most societies and social/business structures operate on the basis of trust. A trusting system is one that tends to work most efficiently and as a result,  the rewards of trust are extremely high. When prospects learn to trust you and your business, cost of acquisition is lowered.  

    This means that the skills of truly building and maintaining trust are a highly valuable.  But how people test for trust and what they require to maintain it seems complicated and dependent on contest.  To learn more see my article on trust here:

    Trust Part I https://www.successtechnologies.com/2016/12/why-trust-is-essential/

    Trust Part II https://www.successtechnologies.com/2017/02/why-trust-is-essential-part-two-of-four-tests-clients-use-and-how-to-establish-trust-in-business-relationships/

    Trust Part III https://www.successtechnologies.com/2017/02/why-trust-is-essential-part-3-of-4-building-trust-as-a-leader-and-using-that-power-for-good-not-evil/

    Trust Part IV and Resources https://www.successtechnologies.com/2017/03/why-trust-is-essential-part-4-of-4-building-trust-bonus-materials/

    Tendency to Distort Due to Liking/Loving or Disliking/Hating

    Here are links to two more excellent articles on two more mental models worth adding to your way of thinking about and looking at problems and creating solutions.

    Basically, we tend, based on past association, stereotyping (another human mental model that must be understood), our own ideology, or by direct experience, to distort our thinking and judgments in favor of people or things that they like and against people or things they dislike. This tendency leads to overrating the things we like and underrating or broadly categorizing things we dislike, often missing crucial nuances in the process.

    Application in business and in life:  Build a practice of asking ourselves the question, “Am I making this decision/Judgment based on objective facts/observations OR might my basis for the decision be based on a tendency to like or dislike a person or institution involved?

    Another thought to drive better business practices and more effective behavior in life:

    “And what will a man naturally come to like and love, apart from his parent, spouse and child? Well, he will like and love being liked and loved.”

    — Charlie Munger

    Manipulative?  Yes.  But if you do truly love and carefor your clients, customers, friends, and relatives…think about it.

     

    Military, Covert Practices & Warfare

    Seeing the Front

    One of the most valuable military tactics is the habit of “personally seeing the front” before making decisions – not always relying on advisors, maps, and reports, all of which can be either faulty or biased.

    The NLP Map Is Not The Territory model illustrates the problem with not seeing the actual front, as does the incentive model. Leaders of any organization can generally benefit from seeing the front, as not only does it provide firsthand information, but it also tends to improve the quality of secondhand information.

    In business this can translate into periodically observing and/or debriefing front line contacts.  Listening to phone call recordings and, for a sales manager/director might mean actually taking calls when a new product launches to hear the questions, objections and vocabulary used.  This is turn can inform marketing and sales training.

    Asymmetric Warfare

    Think the American Revolution, ISIS, Osama Bin Laden  and the Iraqi Insurgency. The asymmetry model as applied to warfare is one side creating and playing by different rules than the other side. Generally, this model is applied by an insurgency with limited resources. Unable to out-muscle their opponents using conventional weapons and tactics that favor the conventional force, asymmetric fighters use other tactics, as with terrorism creating fear that's disproportionate to their actual destructive ability.

    Two-Front War Model – From Both Directions

    The Second World War was a good example of a two-front war for Germany. Once Russia and Germany became enemies, Germany was forced to split its troops and send them to separate fronts, weakening their impact on both fronts.  America was lured into a two front war in Europe and the Pacific which successfully (for a time) diluted it’s ability to bring it’s full military force to bear.

    In business, opening a two-front war can often be a useful tactic that will cause competition to divide it’s forces.  This can be especially powerful if the second “front” is launched by another competitor or type of competition. If you care currently fighting a two front war solving that dispute or avoiding the opening of a second front, An example might be an organization effectively tamping down “internal discord” (think Uber) to focus on its competitors or external attacks.

     

    Improved Thinking & Psychology:

     The Map Is Not the Territory

    This NLP model tells us that there will always be an imperfect relationship between reality (on the ground) and the various models we use to simplify, represent, understand and to operate within the reality.  The reduction and simplification is helpful and often allows us to act, but we should not be unmindful of it or surprised when the reality differs from the model.  

     Thought Experiments

    A technique popularized by Einstein, Tesla and Edison, the thought “experiment” is a way to logically carry out a test in one’s own head that would be very expensive, difficult or impossible to perform in real life. With the thought experiment as a tool, we can “solve problems” in advance and then deploy/implement and test our “solutions” in the real world.

    Occam’s Razor

    Named after the friar William of Ockham, Occam’s Razor is a heuristic for simplifying choice and selecting between or among competing explanations or solutions. Ockham’s Razor essentially states that we should prefer or select  the simplest explanation with the fewest moving parts. Such explanations are, in general,  easier to understand, and more likely, on average, to be the correct explanation.

    This principle is not an ironclad  law but a useful mindset/force multiplier.  It allows us to make more accurate choices more often. Essentially, the idea is that “If all else is equal, it’s more likely that the simple solution suffices. Of course, we also keep in mind Einstein’s famous idea (even if apocryphal) that “an idea should be made as simple as possible, but no simpler.

     

    Systems & Systems Thinking

     Feedback Loops (and Homeostasis)

    People (and the business structures that they create) prefer the comfort zone.  Once they have achieved a safe place to live in a comfortable way it will take quite a bit of energy or a significant threat to get them to change.  That is why creating and monitoring feedback loops matters so much in business as standing still is, in reality moving backwards. Without careful and regular self assessment and a review of the data we become subject to disruption by people and entities willing to lie with change and who are more aware/adaptive.

    Algorithms

    An algorithm is generally an automated set of rules, code, or a “blueprint” leading a series of steps or actions moving the result step-bystep toward a desired outcome. Algorithms are best known for their use in modern computing, but are a feature of biological life as well. For example, the  DNA of any organism contains an algorithm for building a new version of that organism.

    Redundancy

    A critical model of the engineering profession is that of backup systems. A good engineer never assumes the perfect reliability of the components of the system. He or she builds in redundancy to protect the integrity of the total system. Without the application of this robustness principle, tangible and intangible systems tend to fail over time.

    Criticality

    A system becomes critical when it is about to jump discretely from one phase to another. The marginal utility of the last unit before the phase change is wildly higher than any unit before it. A frequently cited example is water turning from a liquid to a vapor when heated to a specific temperature. “Critical mass” refers to the mass needed to have the critical event occur, most commonly in a nuclear system.

    Network Effects

    A network tends to become more valuable as nodes are added to the network: this is known as the network effect. An easy example is contrasting the development of the electricity system and the telephone system. If only one house has electricity, its inhabitants have gained immense value, but if only one house has a telephone, its inhabitants have gained nothing of use. Only with additional telephones does the phone network gain value. This network effect is widespread in the modern world and creates immense value for organizations and customers alike.

    Black Swan

    Also popularized by Nassim Taleb, a Black Swan is a rare and highly consequential event that is invisible to a given observer ahead of time. It is a result of applied epistemology: If you have seen only white swans, you cannot categorically state that there are no black swans, but the inverse is not true: seeing one black swan is enough for you to state that there are black swans. Black Swan events are necessarily unpredictable to the observer (as Taleb likes to say, Thanksgiving is a Black Swan for the turkey, not the butcher) and thus must be dealt with by addressing the fragility-robustness-antifragility spectrum rather than through better methods of prediction.

     

    Physics of the Observable World and Quantum Mechanics:

    Velocity

    Velocity is not equivalent to speed; the two are sometimes confused. Velocity is speed plus vector: how fast something gets somewhere. An object that moves two steps forward and then two steps back has moved at a certain speed but shows no velocity. The addition of the vector, that critical distinction, is what we should consider in practical life.

    Activation Energy

    A fire is not much more than a combination of carbon and oxygen, but the forests and coal mines of the world are not combusting at will because such a chemical reaction requires the input of a critical level of “activation energy” in order to get a reaction started. Two combustible elements alone are not enough.

    Catalysts

    A catalyst either starts or maintains a chemical reaction, but isn’t itself a reactant. The chemical reaction may slow or stop without the addition of catalysts which can maintain it.

    Social institutions and systems, of course, take on many similar traits, and we can view catalysts in a similar light as they might apply to business and life.  My dog Tucker was a catalyst to the rebirth and longevity of a much older dog Jazz.  Hiring the right leader within an organization might be a catalyst to improved performance at multiple levels.

    Leverage

    As famously stated by Archimedes, “Give me a lever long enough and I shall move the world.” With the right leverage, even a small amount of input or  force, can create a great output force that changes the system it is applied to. In business and life, we can use another model like the 80/20 rule to give our existing sales and marketing budgets/teams amazing leverage.

     

    Micro Economics:

    Opportunity Costs

    Doing one thing means not being able to do another. We live in a world of trade-offs, and the concept of opportunity cost rules all. Most aptly summarized as “there is no such thing as a free lunch.”

    Creative Destruction

    Coined by economist Joseph Schumpeter, the term “creative destruction” describes the capitalistic process at work in a functioning free-market system. Motivated by personal incentives (including but not limited to financial profit), entrepreneurs will push to best one another in a never-ending game of creative one-upmanship, in the process destroying old ideas and replacing them with newer technology. Beware getting left behind.

    Scarcity

    Game theory describes situations of conflict, limited resources, and competition. Given a certain situation and a limited amount of resources and time, what decisions are competitors likely to make, and which should they make? One important note is that traditional game theory may describe humans as more rational than they really are. Game theory is theory, after all.

    Recent Episodes from In Top Form Podcast

    Episode 51: 8 Amazing “Hacks” and Practices For Better, More Effective and Efficient Meetings – In Any Organization, Business or Professional Practice

    Episode 51: 8 Amazing “Hacks” and Practices For Better, More Effective and Efficient Meetings – In Any Organization, Business or Professional Practice

    Meetings (in organizations, businesses or even in professional practices and families) are a powerful tool to clarify goals, determine a course of action, and to implement and monitor implementation.  They are, however, widely misunderstood, misused, and are incredible opportunities squandered.

    Like anyone who’s been in business for more than a few weeks, you’ve almost certainly experienced the pain and frustration of poorly run meetings. In fact, I’ve been in and run more than my fair share of disappointment or ineffective meetings. But, through time, and by paying attention to what really works (and what’s supported by real data and experience) I’ve become better.  

    So, I’ll share a few of the best practices, strategies and tactics so that you can skip the long trial and error phase and go right to getting the most out of meetings in every possible dimension ranging from better morale, to faster and better implementation, to higher levels of profit, and client, customer and patient satisfaction and ultimately…referrals.

    So what are the most common problems?  Meeting that never end, meetings that waste time and fail to achieve any results, meetings that lack focus and kill morale.

    You’ve probably experienced all of these.  And the data supports your memory/perceptions.

    • The typical American professional attends over 60 meetings per month (Source: A network MCI Conferencing White Paper. Meetings in America: A study of trends, costs and attitudes toward business travel, teleconferencing, and their impact on productivity (Greenwich, CT: INFOCOMM, 1998)
    • Approximately 50% of meeting time is wasted (same source as above)
    • 39% of people attending meetings doze off during the meeting (source: CBS News).

    Wow! Whether you are organizing meetings or simply attending them, you owe it to yourself to become more effective at this professional skill. Just imagine the gains you will achieve if you become 1% or 5% better at meetings over time. See http://projectmanagementhacks.com/meeting-tips/

     

    So what’s the cure?  How do we go from running uninteresting and perhaps even damaging meetings to a system that produces calculated, consisten, energizing results?

     

    • Have Clarity of Outcome – Whether you’re running the meeting or attending

     

     

    Never host, facilitate or attend a meeting without clarifying what needs to happen at the strategic and tactical level.  

     

    Having a clearly defined and written purpose and a list of the intended and needed results of the meeting (prioritized) will definitely change the tone and flow for the better.

     

    This can, however, also cause you to close your mind to other alternatives, suggestions, and data from other participants.  

    Solutions?  I always make sure that there are reminders in my copy of the agenda to seek input from others and to allow for the fact that they may have more and better data than I do.

     

    Along the same lines…

     

     

    • Obtain or Create The Written Agenda - In Advance

     

     

    Vague ideas and intentions to have a discussion on a topic rarely end on a productive note followed by specific actions and desired results. The meeting agenda is really the key to clarifying your thoughts AND to getting others to prepare in advance.

    If you are just getting started with agendas, start with a point form list of topics to be discussed and make sure that material is provided to attendees at least one day before the meeting.

    For better results, provide background information on the agenda items and specially  what is desired and what kind of data, ideas, and information will be useful and what goals have been established for the meeting so that everyone attending has the same information.

    What about when you are asked to attend a meeting without an agenda? Ask, “Can you please send me an agenda for the meeting so that I can prepare?”

    Pro Tip: For frequently held meetings such as a weekly status meeting on a project, you can save time by creating a meeting agenda template. Once you have that in place, preparing an agenda becomes a matter of taking time to clarify your specific objectives for THAT meeting and then filling in the blanks.

     

     

    • Determine or Review The Attendee List – And Be Sure That The Right People Are There

     

     

    The people in the meeting room make or break your effectiveness. I have been in MANY meetings where the key person – a manager or executive – is not present. As a result, no significant decisions can be made.

    For Meeting Organizers: limit the number of people attending the meeting. The purpose of meetings is to make decisions and get work done in service of a specific strategic or tactical goal. For the most part, meetings are not the best way to simply share information (exception: meetings are helpful to share sensitive information or information that can be emotionally charged and best not shared by email).

    For Meeting Attendees: read the attendee list before you walk into the room. Do you see any unfamiliar names? If so, consider Goggling outside attendees or when it comes to “insiders” looking them up in your organization’s directory (or on LinkedIn). Surprises are not your friend when it comes to meetings.

     

    • Manage The Meeting By The Clock – Respect Others’ Time and Schedules

     

     

    Watching the clock is important in an effective meeting. When nobody takes charge of managing time, it is easy to become careless and unfocused. Remember – when people attend a meeting they cannot do anything else. Make the time count!

    For Meeting Organizers: starting the meeting on time and ending on time (or a few minutes early!) will quickly enhance your reputation as an organized person. If you are running a large or complex meeting, consider asking a colleague to serve as time keeper. If managing meetings to the clock is challenging for you, the parking lot habit (see #4 below) will be a game changer!

    For Meeting Attendees: start by arriving early at the meeting (I suggest 5 minutes for in person meetings and 1-2 meetings for conference calls). That means avoiding back to back committments on your calendar whenever possible.

    1. Use The Think Tank or “Parking Lot” To Manage Off Topic (But Potentially Valuable) Discussions, Ideas, and Information

    The Think Tank method is a way to keep the meeting focused without offending participants (and keeping them engaged) with good ideas or information that are not on point. It captures ideas to be added to another meeting or Think Tank process without defeating the original purpose of the meeting at hand.

    This process, when used correctly, can really perform two useful functions. First, it serves to keep the meeting focused on the stated agenda. Second,  acknowledges (and captures) important points, ideas, and information raised by attendees.

    Warning: The Think Tank must be combined with careful and systematic follow up if you wish to be truly effective and for participants to feel that they are being heard and influential. Otherwise, you are likely to gain a reputation for simply making a show of acknowledging other people. Finally, by failing to follow up you or your organization or team may be missing out on exceptional ideas.

    Pro Tip: As a meeting organizer, here are a few steps to use the Think Tank concept.

    1. At the beginning of the meeting, explain you expect everyone to focus their discussions on the immediate agenda. Further, explain that this rule will help the meeting stay productive and end on time. Acknowledge that other ideas and information may come up and that you’ll be using this process to keep the meeting focused BUT those ideas will be captured and further explored in another setting or meeting.
    2. Keep the meeting agenda document in front of you as a guide and stick to it.
    3. Go through each agenda item
    4. Monitor and contribute to the discussion

     

    • When someone raises an interesting, valuable or “off topic” or complex point that does not relate to the agenda, thank the person, remind them of the think tank process and why, write down the point, and schedule the best form of follow up.

     

     

    1. “Count The Votes” in Advance on Important Points and Decisions

    When a major bill comes to a vote on the floor of the house or senate, the party or bill sponsors try to know in advance what the vote will be.  They reach out to influential members to get their vote and to reach out to others.

    You should be doing the same when you know that a major decision (related to funding, budgets, personnel) will be made at a meeting.

    Serious decisions like this require building a  habit of reaching out to others in advance of the meeting. In essence, you communicate with people one-on-one before the meeting about the decision before the meeting occurs. While time consuming, this approach increases your chances of success (and avoids surprises other meeting attendees). It allows you to determine what needs to happen at the meeting in order for the desired result to be more certain.

    Pro Tip: For an extended discussion of the “pre-wire” or counting the votes concept, listen to the Manager Tools podcast: How to Prewire a Meeting.

     

     

    • Take Physical Notes For Yourself AND Have A Back Up Note Taker or Recording

     

     

    Taking notes in meetings is an essential skill and there is quite a bit of science that supports doing it by hand rather than on a computer. There are a number of reasons to do it including:  capture of ideas, creating a record of action items and who will do them, capturing questions that need to be answered or assignments that require follow up by you or another person as well as a timeline of such actions.

    All are vital so let’s consider how attendees and organizers can act on notes.

    As noted, take notes in a paper notebook (e.g. a Moleskine notebook or something similar) rather than using a computer, tablet or other device. Even if you have fantastic abilities to focus on the meeting, other people may assume that you are “catching up on email” instead of paying attention to the meeting if you take notes on a computer.

    Taking notes for Meeting Organizers: if you plan to send minutes or a summary of the meeting to attendees, say this at the start of the meeting and explain what you will include. Sending out meeting minutes, even a few paragraphs or bullet points, is a best practice. Have another person backing you up or record the meeting as you’ll have a number of responsibilities and you don’t want to miss anything.  Remember, however, that recording can have a chilling effect unless it’s been established as part of the process.

    Taking notes for Meeting Attendees: bring a copy of the agenda and use that document to guide your note taking. Focus on the decisions made in the meeting and items that require further investigation or action on your part.

     

    • Follow Up On The Meeting – Where The Rubber Meets The Road For Real Results.

     

     

    The art and science of follow up is a vital business and professional habit generally and with respect to meetings is essential. When it comes to meeting tips, following up in a timely basis is a great way to manage stress and make a good impression on others.

    It’s also desirable to make it a system and habit.  

    A best practice is to use the agenda with bulleted notes to follow up be email on the same day.  However, (and specifically when ideas and information are put into the “think tank” and are on hold) phone or in person follow up might be desirable.

    Episode 50: How to get more and better referrals, even when you don't like to ask.

    Episode 50: How to get more and better referrals, even when you don't like to ask.

    Join Our Hosts Dave and Somnath Sikdar as we discuss: How to get more and better referrals, even when you don't like to ask. 

    Why do you want and need referrals?

    Every business or professional practice thrives when it gets referrals from existing clients, customers, and patients.

    Why?

    They come to you with a higher level of trust inherited from the fact that you were “referred.”

    That trust means that the sale and transaction costs less and is on a faster track.  

    Clients who are referred are 25- 50% more likely to engage and but and are, when treated right, also more likely to refer.

    Referral is so powerful and valuable, that it cannot be ignored but many businesses and professionals are dubious and are often afraid to ask for referral.

    So, we have put together a number of ways to trigger referral even when you hate to ask.

    Better yet, when you take a few hours to carefully get to know your very best clients, customers and patients, you’ll also be building a resource of knowing specifically who your existing customers should refer to you and your profitability and productivity Not to mention morale will soar.

     

    So, here are 15 (or more) ways to get more AND better/more profitable and enjoyable referrals (as you go prioritize them in the order in which you’re most likely to implement):

     

    1. Create a referral program or system with complementary providers to exchange referrals. Be sure you only include providers in this network that you'd be comfortable recommending to your best client or best friend. Make this systematic and easy to implement.  And, make sure that the other provider know exactly the type of clients/customer/patients you best serve and why. Also, give them a great referral tool such as a book, checklist, infographic or report that they can physically or digitally provide to referrals.
       
    2. Recognize and thank all your referral sources and every time. This could be with a simple phone call, email, or even better, a handwritten note. The important thing is to express your appreciation. You'll also encourage additional referrals this way. And, it gives you a chance to clarify who you best serve.

     

    You can also rotate small gifts such as a notebook, book, or cupcakes from https://www.wickedgoodcupcakes.com.


     3. If you have clients, customers or patients who don't refer, create another way for them to recommend you (e.g., report, case study, testimonials). I call these referral tools.  Make it something that they’re delighted to share. I often say “If you know anyone else who has this problem or needs this solution here’s a resource that you can share with them.”

     4. Make sure your current clients know about all the products and services you offer and how you help so they can either refer within their company or to others they know. Too often sellers assume their clients know more about them than they do.

     5. Add a link to a form on your website for referral submissions.

     6. Stay in touch.  The more often you’re in touch and giving them great content and resources, the more likely you are to be top of mind.

    7. Be remarkable; remind clients why your company is special. Give them something (good) to talk about. A few times a year we meet just to ask the question how could we “show up” in an extraordinary and memorable way?  When someone has an extraordinary experience they tend to share it.

    8. Inspire confidence and remove the risk. It's risky referring someone—what if it's not successful? The more you can inspire confidence and trust in your referral sources by letting them know that 90% (or whatever) of your business comes from repeat customers/clients and patients.


     9. Offer a referral commission. This may or may not be legal or ethical depending on your business or profession but consider it.
     

    10. Provide valuable content your referral sources can share with their network—an invitation to a breakfast or lunch seminar or webinar on an industry topic, research briefs, an article about a regulatory change or industry trend, etc. Make it something special for them to share.


     11. Treat the vendors and suppliers with which you do business as partners. Make sure they're aware of who and how you help.


     12. Create a list of buyers you want to work with. Check out their LinkedIn profiles to see whether you're connected in any way. If so, reach out to them via your network—whether it's an individual, a company, or a group.

    13. Treat your team members and clients as partners, too. Let them know you view them as a strategic partner, and tell them you hope they'll do the same with you. Create formal channels to share referrals.


     14. Give a referral. It's one of the best ways to get one in return.

    1.   Buy the other guys lunch.  We recently identified a caterer that now hosts lunches for the offices and teams who make referrals to us.  You can also do bagels and breakfast but you get the idea. We just tell the referral source that we want to say thank you and host breakfast or lunch.  They schedule it at their convenience and we get the bill.
    2. Ask for referrals. We get it.  We know you hate to ask.  But, if you do a great job and wow your cleints they eventually start making referals and you realize that you desrve them…so start asking. You’ll get a lot more referrals if you ask for them. As you’re completing a project with a client, simply ask if they know anyone who would benefit from something similar.