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    GUEST SERIES | Dr. Andy Galpin: Optimal Nutrition & Supplementation for Fitness

    enFebruary 22, 2023

    Podcast Summary

    • The Basics of Nutrition, Exercise, and SupplementationPrioritize sleep, nutrition, and hydration first, and research supplements before incorporating them into your fitness plan to maximize benefits and minimize risks.

      Nutrition and supplementation are an important part of achieving fitness, exercise, and performance goals.While they can be confusing, it is important to understand what is beneficial and what could be counteractive.Supplements can provide us with potent compounds that can help us with short term performance and recovery, but it is important to focus on the basics of sleep, nutrition, and hydration first.There are some supplements that offer 80% of the benefit for the lowest cost, but it is important to find out what works for you and your goals.Knowing the consequences of certain supplements and taking the time to research them can be beneficial in the long run.

    • Reap the Benefits of Creatine SupplementationCreatine supplementation is safe, affordable and can aid in muscle performance, strength, fat loss, recovery and cognitive functions like memory, executive function and depression. Taking 3-5 grams of creatine monohydrate per day is recommended.

      Creatine is a great supplement to start with when considering taking supplements.It has a lot of benefits, such as aiding muscle performance, strength, fat loss, recovery and even cognitive functions like memory, executive function and depression.It can even benefit those with neurodegenerative diseases.Taking 3-5 grams of creatine monohydrate per day is safe and has minimal side effects.It is also affordable, so it is an accessible way to start supplementing.

    • Creating a Strong Foundation for Ultra High PerformanceConsistently making healthy lifestyle choices such as taking certain supplements, exercising, getting enough sleep and sunlight can help create a strong foundation that can make you more resilient and lead to ultra high performance.

      Consistently making healthy lifestyle choices such as taking certain supplements, exercising, getting enough sleep and sunlight can have a positive effect on your overall functioning.Even though these choices may have an immediate effect, the true benefit comes from doing them consistently over time - as close to 80% of the time as possible.This is because these healthy habits create a strong foundation that can make you more resilient under difficult situations and lead to ultra high performance when conditions are perfect.

    • Staying Hydrated for Maximum PerformanceDrinking 6-8 glasses of water everyday and supplementing electrolytes can improve physical and mental performance, and overall health.

      Hydration is essential for physical and mental performance, and to stay healthy.We need to drink 6-8 glasses of water everyday and make sure our urine is not too dark yellow.To avoid negative effects of dehydration, electrolytes can be supplemented.There are 3 categories of supplements - fuel, stimulant and fatigue blockers.Fuel includes creatine, stimulant includes beet root juice and caffeine, and fatigue blockers includes beta alanine or sodium bicarbonate.Hydration is also essential, and we should drink enough water before and during training.Taking care of hydration levels can improve performance and overall health.

    • The Effects of Dehydration on PerformanceIt is important to stay hydrated to maintain physical and mental performance, but it is also important to not overdrink water to prevent hyponatremia.

      Dehydration affects physical and mental performances, even with a body weight reduction of 2%.Studies have shown that basketball players experience a decrease in accuracy when they are 2% dehydrated.Not only that, but the perception of difficulty also increases.With more dehydration, endurance and speed also decrease.Furthermore, if you are already dehydrated and begin an exercise, performance is affected.Drinking too much water can also be an issue, since it can dilute electrolytes, resulting in hyponatremia.This can cause confusion, brain fog, and GI distress, which can be mistaken for other health issues.It is important to drink enough water, but in moderation.

    • Unlocking the Benefits of Proper HydrationPaying attention to proper hydration is essential for optimal health and performance, as it can have a major impact on overall functioning.

      Hydration is an important part of overall health and performance.Too little can lead to issues such as fatigue, brain fog, and difficulty concentrating.Too much can cause anxiety and sleep disorders.One person was drinking 8 cups of coffee a day and having problems with focus and brain fog.We reduced her water intake to an ounce per pound of bodyweight and within two days, the person reported sleeping 6 hours straight, improved focus, and digestion.Proper hydration is essential to allowing the cells of the body to function properly and can even affect hormones such as cortisol and aldosterone.Paying attention to hydration is important for everyone, even if it doesn't seem exciting, as it can have a major impact on overall health and performance.

    • Staying Hydrated for Quality SleepDrinking half an ounce of water per pound of body weight per day is recommended, with an extra 25% if engaging in activities like exercise. For a 200 pound person, this equates to 100 ounces of water daily, with up to 2 pounds of water loss per hour during exercise.

      Hydration is important for getting a good quality sleep.It is recommended to drink half an ounce per pound of body weight during the day.This number can increase depending on physical activities like exercise, sauna, etc.wherein it is advised to drink 125% of the fluids lost during that activity.For example, for a 200 pound person, it would mean drinking 100 ounces of water per day.For activities like exercise, it is not uncommon for people to lose up to 2 pounds of water per hour.

    • Stay Hydrated and Electrolyte Balanced for Optimal Exercise PerformanceDrink half an ounce of fluid per pound of body weight, 125% of the fluid lost during exercise, and replenish electrolytes with pre and mid-workout drinks or electrolyte powders to stay alert and perform at your best.

      Hydration is an important part of exercise performance.A good guideline is to drink half an ounce of fluid per pound of body weight, and 125% of the fluid lost during exercise.Depending on the environment and intensity of the exercise, fluid loss can vary greatly, from one to five, maybe even ten pounds per hour.To get a better understanding of how much fluid is lost, you can weigh yourself before and after exercise.To make up for the fluid and electrolyte loss, you can drink fluids like water, coffee, tea, pre and mid-workout drinks, etc.Also, electrolyte powders or a small pinch of sodium, magnesium, and potassium can help replace what is lost.Lastly, people have different sweating abilities, so it is important to be aware of your own body's needs.With proper hydration and electrolyte balance, you can stay alert and perform at your best.

    • Improving Exercise Output Capacity Through Hydration and Heat AcclimationProper hydration, heat acclimation and electrolyte intake can help you get the most out of your exercise.

      Through proper hydration and heat acclimation training, one can improve their ability to sweat and increase their exercise output capacity.Sweating is a process of bringing fluid from the body to the surface of the skin and then the heat is dumped by the evaporation of that fluid.A sauna, jacuzzi or other hot environment can help you acclimate to sweat more efficiently.However, there is a genetic component to how much one sweats, and this should not be a concern.You can also buy patches or tests to measure hydration levels and electrolyte intake to match your sweat output.In the end, proper hydration, heat acclimation and electrolyte intake can help you get the most out of your exercise.

    • Hydration is Essential for PerformanceConsume fluids at a rate of body weight divided by 30 ounces (or two milliliters per kilogram of body weight) every 15 to 20 minutes to stay hydrated and perform at your best.

      Andy Galpin's advice can be very useful to any athlete or even a regular person who likes to exercise.Hydration is essential to any physical activity, and the advice can be boiled down to body weight divided by 30, in ounces every 15 to 20 minutes.For people outside the US who use the metric system, it's two milliliters per kilogram of body weight every 15 to 20 minutes.The fluids should be ingested at a slow and steady pace to avoid GI distress.By following these steps, one can stay hydrated and perform at their best.

    • Optimize Hydration for Improved Physical and Mental PerformanceStart your day with 16 ounces of water, drink 2 milliliters of water per kilogram of body weight divided by 30, re-hydrate after activity by drinking 125% of the amount of water lost during exercise, and limit your fluid intake 3 hours before sleep.

      Hydration is an important factor for physical and mental performance.It's important to start your day with 16 ounces (or more if you're larger) of water to get the body's hydration going.Throughout the day, aim to drink 2 milliliters of water per kilogram of body weight, divided by 30.After activity, re-hydrate by drinking 125% of the amount of water you lost during exercise.Finally, limit your fluid intake 3 hours before sleep and if needed, sip on a glass of water in the final hour or two.By following these steps, you can optimize your hydration and improve performance.

    • Hydrating for Optimal Performance and WellbeingStart the day by drinking a glass of water, focus on eating whole, real foods, and sip on water in the three hours leading up to sleep. Choose foods like watermelon and meats, and be mindful of the amount of sugar you consume.

      Hydrating correctly is essential for optimal performance and wellbeing.Start the day by drinking a glass of water, and focus on eating whole, real foods throughout the day.Before bed, sip on water in the three hours leading up to sleep instead of gulping it all at once.A big determinant of hydration is your food choices - choose foods like watermelon which is 95% water.Meats can also be a great source, but the amount of water they contain will depend on how well they are cooked.Lastly, it's important to be aware of the amount of sugar you're consuming - too much can be detrimental to your health and affect your hydration.

    • Rehydrate for Improved Physical and Mental PerformanceHydration is an essential part of a healthy lifestyle. Pre-hydrate before exercise and look to consume fluids with electrolytes and sodium. Be mindful of sodium intake if you have pre-hypertension or hypertension.

      Hydration is an essential part of a healthy lifestyle.Eating whole, real foods and adding salt back to your diet can help improve hydration levels.Pre-hydrating with 13-20 ounces of water before exercise can help you stay hydrated during your workout.During exercise, look to consume fluids that are iso-osmotic to your blood, like electrolytes with 200-400 milligrams of sodium.Coconut water can also be a great source of hydration, just add a pinch of salt to increase the sodium levels.People with pre-hypertension and hypertension should be careful with their sodium intake.Proper hydration can help improve mental clarity, focus, stamina, and physical performance.

    • A Balanced Diet is Essential for Overall Health and PerformanceConsume enough carbohydrates, fluids, salt, and electrolytes to stay hydrated and maintain muscle glycogen levels.

      Consuming a balanced diet, including carbohydrates, is important for overall health and performance.If a person is not consuming enough carbohydrates, they should make sure to drink enough fluids and get enough salt in their diet.Caffeine and a low carbohydrate diet can lead to more frequent urination, so it's important to stay hydrated and get enough electrolytes.Salting food or adding a pinch of salt to water can help replenish sodium levels.Additionally, during long or intense workouts, carbohydrates can be beneficial in order to maintain muscle glycogen levels and prevent a drop in performance.

    • Achieving Optimal Performance During ExerciseEnsure adequate carbohydrates and water intake during exercise, and use a combination of glucose and fructose to maximize carbohydrate intake. Train the gut before competition, and consider caffeine 90-120 minutes before exercise on an empty stomach.

      To perform well during exercise, it's important to take in adequate carbohydrates and water.A good ratio of carbohydrates is a 5-9% glucose concentration in fluid.Sports drinks are often undersalted and don't provide enough carbs, so aim for 60-100 grams of carbs per hour.To maximize carbohydrate intake, use a combination of glucose and fructose.Also, it's important to train the gut before competition so that you do not experience any accidents.Finally, caffeine can enhance performance if taken 90-120 minutes before exercise on an empty stomach.

    • Fueling for a Successful WorkoutTo ensure success during a workout, consume half a gram of carbohydrates per pound of body weight and a quarter of a gram of protein per pound of body weight.

      Exercise fuel is key to a good workout.When we put our body under strain, it requires energy to keep going.Carbohydrates and proteins are essential for this as they provide the fuel to keep us going and also aid in recovery.Depending on the type of exercise, we may need to fuel prior to the workout, or it may not matter.We can also replenish our fuel throughout the day, even if we don't have it in the few hours before working out.An ideal amount of fuel to ensure success is half a gram of carbohydrates per pound of body weight, and a quarter of a gram of protein per pound of body weight.This will help us perform better and recover faster.

    • The Right Amount of Caffeine for Optimum PerformanceCaffeine can improve performance, but the amount varies depending on the activity and the individual. It is important to know the amount of caffeine consumed when using it for performance enhancement.

      Caffeine has performance enhancing effects, however it's important to know how much to take. Too much can degrade performance.A good starting point for most people is 1-3 milligrams per kilogram of body weight about 30 minutes prior to exercise.Regular users of caffeine may need to adjust the amount depending on the activity.For example, for lower energy activities, it may be wise to reduce the amount of caffeine, while for higher intensity activities, a higher amount may be necessary.It is also important to note that caffeine in coffee and soda can vary greatly, so it's important to know what amount you are consuming.

    • Understanding Caffeine and Neutropic SupplementsCaffeine tablets are a great way to measure your tolerance to caffeine, but there are other supplements such as beet root extract, citraline, and Alpha GPC that can be used for performance boosts and focus. These supplements should be used sparingly and with moderation.

      Caffeine can give us an energy boost, but it is important to be aware of how much you are consuming as it can be quite powerful and vary from one location to the next.To get an objective measure of how much caffeine you can tolerate, try using caffeine tablets.For those who want a performance boost but don't want to use caffeine, there are other supplements such as beet root extract or citraline to consider.Alpha GPC is also a great supplement for focus and alertness, but should be used in moderation and not every day.Finally, these neutropics can be used for more challenging physical or mental tasks, but should only be used sparingly.

    • Supplements and Stimulants: Managing Fatigue CarefullySupplements and stimulants are not a long-term solution for fatigue. Monitor cortisol, source from quality brands, and take single ingredient formulations to understand what works best.

      Educational learnings from this conversation are that supplements and stimulants are not a permanent solution for managing fatigue and that it's important to be careful when taking them.Different supplements have different effects and some can have a negative impact if used in excess.It's also important to source supplements from a single high quality brand and to make sure they are third party certified if necessary.Rhodiola can be helpful in managing cortisol levels, but it is important to monitor cortisol levels to ensure they are going up and down in the right amounts.Finally, it's important to take single ingredient formulations to understand what works for you and what dosages are necessary.

    • Opt for Single Ingredient Formulations When Taking SupplementsAlways opt for single ingredient formulations of supplements to make sure the dosage is correct and you know exactly what you're taking.

      Taking supplements can be a great way to improve your health, but it's important to be aware of the ingredients and dosage.Single ingredient formulations are the most effective way to go so you can tailor your supplementation and make adjustments if something isn't working.This also gives you the freedom to adjust dosage based on the time of day and any other factors that may be affecting you.Taking blends of supplements can be dangerous, as it's hard to know which ingredient is causing any reaction.When taking supplements, always opt for single ingredient formulations to ensure you know what you're taking and that the dosage is correct.

    • Achieving Optimal Health Through Proper Nutrition, Stress Management, Physical Activity, Sleep, and HydrationSupplementation can provide a boost to overall health, but should be used as a supplement and not a replacement. It is important to find products that are third-party certified and tested, and to create a lifestyle that does not rely on supplements.

      Proper nutrition, stress management, physical activity, sleep, and hydration are all essential components of maintaining overall health.Supplementation can provide a boost to all of these areas, but should be used as a supplement, not a replacement.When looking for supplements, it is important to find products that are third-party certified and tested, as this will help ensure that you are getting a quality product with the right dosages.Depending on the type of supplement, it may be necessary to take a break from them in order to ensure that your body does not become dependent.Ultimately, the goal should be to create a lifestyle that does not rely on supplements.

    • Understanding the Benefits of Reducing Dependency on Supplements and MedicationInvest in understanding and solving the root cause of the problem, and increase physical and mental resilience to reduce dependency on supplements or medication.

      Educational learnings from this section are that taking supplements and medication should not be the only way to manage symptoms.Even if taking something temporarily helps with the symptom, it is important to find the root cause of the problem and work on solving it.Additionally, it is important to understand that many of those supplements are potentially dangerous and should be used very carefully with athletes and even more caution with non-athletes.The ultimate goal should be to increase physical and mental resilience and to reduce the dependency on supplements or medication.

    • Supplementing the Right WayBe aware of the effects of supplements and take them as directed, starting with nutrition and behavior as the foundation. Caffeine should be taken 90 to 120 minutes after waking and some supplements need to be taken consistently to gain the benefits.

      Taking the right supplement at the right time can be beneficial in many ways.For instance, caffeine can help enhance memory, focus, and reaction time.However it is important to remember that it's borrowing against the normal variations in wakefulness and sleep and can be disruptive to the system, so it's best to take caffeine 90 to 120 minutes after waking.Additionally, it is important to start with behavior and nutrition as the foundation, and then add in supplements and prescription drugs as needed.It is also important to remember that some supplements need to be taken consistently, like creatine and beta alanine, in order to gain the benefits.However, some supplements can be taken on an as needed basis.Overall, it is important to be aware of the effects of supplements and make sure they are taken as directed.

    • Improving Performance Through Quality SleepTaking the right steps, such as supplements, probiotics, and prebiotics, and using trackers, can help improve sleep quality and overall performance.

      The importance of quality sleep for optimal performance is well known.To improve the quality of sleep, it is advised to consider supplements such as creatine and beta alanine.Additionally, one should consult a qualified physician before taking any probiotics or prebiotics to ensure they are taken with intention.Wearable trackers are also improving and may soon reach the same level of accuracy of a professional sleep study.Ultimately, taking the right steps to ensure quality sleep can be a powerful performance enhancing activity.

    • Create an Optimal Sleeping EnvironmentControl temperature and humidity, avoid light and noise, use negative ionization and keep pets out of the bedroom for better sleep.

      Good sleep is essential for the body and mind to function optimally.To maximize the quality of sleep, it is important to maintain a healthy environment for sleeping.This includes keeping allergen and other pollutants out of the bedroom, controlling temperature and humidity levels, and avoiding light and noise.An additional tip is to use negative ionization, which has been shown to improve sleep quality.Keeping pets out of the bedroom may also be necessary for some individuals.Finally, for those who feel that their sleep issues are more serious and need further investigation, Absolute Rest provides a comprehensive sleep analysis and tailored action plan.

    • Enhancing Sleep Quality with a Healthy Sleep EnvironmentInvest in creating a healthy sleep environment that is tailored to you to improve your sleep quality - consider factors like temperature, light, noise, air quality, and negative ion concentrations. Consider various tools and techniques to further optimise your sleep environment.

      Sleep environment is an important element that affects the quality of sleep.Poor sleep environment can lead to insomnia and other sleep-related issues.It is important to consider the temperature, light, noise and air quality in the environment.Additionally, negative ion concentrations are higher in coastal locations and may help with better sleep.There are tools available such as the time shifter app that can help with jet lag.Further, if dealing with acid reflux, elevating the head of the bed by 6 inches or using a pillow can help.Finally, for snoring and insomnia, one can try mouth tape or myofunctional therapy.To optimise sleep environment, it is important to restrict the bed for only sleeping and sex and avoid sharing the bed with a partner.

    • Sleep Trackers and Wearables: A Balancing ActTo get the most out of sleep trackers and wearables, use night mode, do not disturb or airplane mode overnight and leave your phone out of the room. Additionally, try behavioral tools like the Revere app first, and use supplements like Inositol 900 mg and a sleep stack with Mg, Apigenin and Phin as secondary options.

      Sleep trackers and wearables have become increasingly popular but can cause issues with sleep if used incorrectly.People may become obsessed with optimizing their sleep score, and start to feel dopamine when they check their phone or the sleep tracker first thing in the morning.To avoid this, people should use night mode, do not disturb or airplane mode overnight, or leave their phone out of the room.Additionally, Inositol 900 mg and a sleep stack with Mg, Apigenin and Phin can help people fall back asleep if they wake up in the middle of the night.Finally, the Revere app is a behavioral tool that helps people fall asleep quickly, stay asleep and fall back asleep if they wake up in the middle of the night.People should try behavioral tools first and use supplements as a secondary option.

    • The Fitness Fatigue Model: Optimizing Recovery for Improved PerformanceExercise and recovery, including supplementation and nutrition, are important components of the fitness fatigue model. Reducing fatigue through reduced training volume and intensity and a taper of 3-8 weeks can lead to improved performance.

      Exercise and recovery are key components to achieving fitness goals.The fitness fatigue model states that in order to increase performance, one must reduce fatigue.To reduce fatigue, training volume must be reduced by 50% for every 8 weeks of training.Additionally, intensity should be maintained, and frequency should be reduced only slightly.A taper of 3-8 weeks can lead to a 3-8% improvement in performance.Supplementation and nutrition can also be used to reduce inflammation and aid in recovery.A logical framework of when to take anti-inflammatory supplements and when to avoid them is important for optimizing recovery and achieving fitness goals.

    • Reducing Training Volume with Omega-3s, Curcumin and Awareness.Tapering can be beneficial for performance, however it is important to be aware of the potential side effects of taking curcumin, as it could lead to decreased libido, drive and power output.

      Tapering, or reducing your training volume, can be beneficial for performance.It reduces fatigue, allowing your fast-twitch muscles to recover and increase in size.It also helps reduce inflammation, which can be aided by omega-3s and curcumin.However, everyone reacts differently to curcumin, as it has the potential to reduce DHT, which could lead to decreased libido, drive and power output.So it's important to be aware of this and to try it out to see the effect.If it doesn't work, the effects should be reversed quickly after ceasing to take curcumin.

    • Managing Inflammation for RecoveryGlutamine is a great evidence-based supplement to help with cleanup processes, reducing sugar cravings, and aiding in repair with attention to macronutrients and micronutrients.

      Learning how to manage inflammation in the body is key for recovery.Taking anti-inflammatory and antioxidant supplements should be done with caution and for a specific reason.Glutamine is a great evidence-based supplement to help with the cleanup process.20 grams a day split up into 10 grams in the morning and 10 grams at night can help with this process.Glutamine is considered a low risk product and is found in many recovery products.It can even help with reducing sugar cravings if taken a few times a day in teaspoons.Lastly, when in the remodeling stage, paying attention to macronutrients and micronutrients is essential for repair and should not be neglected even when not working out.

    • Maximizing Recovery with Proper NutritionProper nutrition is key to recovering from an injury. Aim for 1 gram of protein per pound of body weight, and ensure adequate intake of vitamins A, zinc, magnesium, calcium, and vitamin D. Tart cherry juice may also help with soreness and sleep.

      In order to recover from an injury, it is important to take in the right amount of calories, protein, carbohydrates, and micronutrients.It is recommended to aim for one gram of protein per pound of body weight, and to keep your fat and carbohydrate ratios in the same spot.Vitamin A, zinc, magnesium, calcium, and vitamin D are important micronutrients, and tart cherry juice may help with soreness and sleep.

    • A Balanced Diet for Optimal PerformanceA balanced diet that includes carbohydrates, protein, and essential fatty acids is essential for optimal performance. Carbohydrate loading prior to endurance events may also help improve performance.

      A balanced diet including carbohydrates, protein and essential fatty acids is important for optimal performance.Carbohydrates help replenish glycogen stores while protein helps build and maintain muscle mass.Intermittent fasting and keto diets can be used but there are no studies that have evaluated their impact on muscle gain.Supplementation with GABA, branch chain amino acids, and essential amino acids may not be necessary if total protein intake is sufficient.Carbohydrate loading over a few days before endurance events may help improve performance.

    • Maximizing Benefits of Post-Exercise RecoveryRehydrating and replenishing muscle glycogen quickly, along with the use of garlic and tart cherry extract, are important for post-exercise recovery. Carbohydrate timing also matters and further information can be found on Examine.com.

      The anabolic window is a real phenomenon where one can maximize the benefits of post-exercise recovery.It is important to rehydrate and replenish muscle glycogen and rebuild tissue quickly after exercise.Garlic and tart cherry extract have been proven to help with recovery from injury and muscle soreness.While the total protein intake throughout the day is more important, timing for things like carbohydrates is very real.For dosages of garlic and cherry extract, one can look up the Human Effect Matrix on Examine.com for more information.

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    In this episode, my guest is Dr. Zachary Knight, Ph.D., a professor of physiology at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) investigator. We discuss how the brain controls our sense of hunger, satiety, and thirst. He explains how dopamine levels impact our cravings and eating behavior (amount, food choices, etc) and how we develop and can change our food preferences and adjust how much we need to eat to feel satisfied. We discuss factors that have led to the recent rise in obesity, such as interactions between our genes and the environment and the role of processed foods and food combinations. We also discuss the new class of medications developed for the treatment of obesity and diabetes, including the GLP-1 agonists semaglutide (Ozempic, Wegovy) and tirzepatide (Mounjaro). We discuss how these medications work to promote weight loss, the source of their side effects, and the newer compounds soon to overcome some of those side effects, such as muscle loss. Dr. Knight provides an exceptionally clear explanation for our sense of hunger, thirst, and food cravings that translates to practical knowledge to help listeners better understand their relationship to food, food choices, and meal size to improve their diet and overall health. For show notes, including referenced articles and additional resources, please visit hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman  BetterHelp: https://betterhelp.com/huberman Eight Sleep: https://eightsleep.com/huberman Waking Up: https://wakingup.com/huberman LMNT: https://drinklmnt.com/huberman Timestamps 00:00:00 Dr. Zachary Knight 00:02:38 Sponsors: BetterHelp, Helix Sleep & Waking Up 00:07:07 Hunger & Timescales 00:11:28 Body Fat, Leptin, Hunger 00:17:51 Leptin Resistance & Obesity 00:20:52 Hunger, Food Foraging & Feeding Behaviors, AgRP Neurons 00:30:26 Sponsor: AG1 00:32:15 Body Weight & Obesity, Genes & POMC Neurons 00:39:54 Obesity, Genetics & Environmental Factors 00:46:05 Whole Foods, Ultra-Processed Foods & Palatability 00:49:32 Increasing Whole Food Consumption, Sensory Specific Satiety & Learning 00:58:55 Calories vs. Macronutrients, Protein & Salt 01:02:23 Sponsor: LMNT 01:03:58 Challenges of Weight Loss: Hunger & Energy Expenditure 01:09:50 GLP-1 Drug Development, Semaglutide, Ozempic, Wegovy 01:19:03 GLP-1 Drugs: Muscle Loss, Appetite Reduction, Nausea 01:23:24 Pharmacologic & Physiologic Effects; GLP-1 Drugs, Additional Positive Effects 01:30:14 GLP-1-Plus Development, Tirzepatide, Mounjaro, AMG 133 01:34:49 Alpha-MSH & Pharmacology 01:40:41 Dopamine, Eating & Context 01:46:01 Dopamine & Learning, Water Content & Food 01:53:23 Salt, Water & Thirst 02:03:27 Hunger vs. Thirst 02:05:46 Dieting, Nutrition & Mindset 02:09:39 Tools: Improving Diet & Limiting Food Intake 02:14:15 Anti-Obesity Drug Development 02:17:03 Zero-Cost Support, Spotify & Apple Follow & Reviews, YouTube Feedback, Social Media, Neural Network Newsletter Disclaimer
    Huberman Lab
    enJune 17, 2024

    Perform with Dr. Andy Galpin: How & Why to Strengthen Your Heart & Cardiovascular Fitness

    Perform with Dr. Andy Galpin: How & Why to Strengthen Your Heart & Cardiovascular Fitness
    I'm honored to share the first episode of the new podcast, Perform with Dr. Andy Galpin. Dr. Andy Galpin is a tenured full professor at California State University, Fullerton, where he co-directs the Center for Sport Performance and leads the Biochemistry and Molecular Exercise Physiology Laboratory. Andy is both a friend and a colleague, and I’m delighted to have assisted in the creation of this podcast. I'm certain you'll both enjoy and learn from it. Season 1 features 10 episodes, airing every Wednesday for 10 weeks. Dr. Galpin will cover everything from building strength, the importance of strength for long-term health, the science of breathing, the benefits of sleep extension, genetic testing for personalized training, and nutrition for injury recovery. While we have Episode 1 of Perform with Dr. Andy Galpin here, please be sure to subscribe and follow Perform with Dr. Andy Galpin on your preferred platform. Show notes for this episode can be found at performpodcast.com. Timestamps 00:00:00 Introduction from Dr. Andrew Huberman 00:01:07 Heart 00:03:55 Sponsors: Vitality Blueprint & Rhone 00:07:27 Muscle Types 00:09:54 VO2 max, Health & Mortality 00:15:49 Overall Health, Cardiorespiratory Fitness & All-Cause Mortality 00:25:23 Sponsor: AG1 00:26:54 Disease, Health & Mortality 00:30:02 Cardiac Muscle & Heart 00:38:29 Cardiac Muscle vs. Skeletal Muscle, Cardiac Advantages 00:43:53 Pacemakers & Heart Rate, Vagus Nerve 00:50:35 Why Doesn’t the Heart Get Sore? 00:54:32 Heart & Exercise, Stroke Volume, Ejection Fraction, Cardiac Output 00:59:21 Heart Rate Variability 01:02:41 Sponsors: Momentous & LMNT 01:06:54 Why Do You Breathe?: Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide & Respiratory Rate 01:13:37 Respiratory Rate & Stress 01:15:08 Tool: The “Three I’s”, Investigate: Heart Rate, Respiratory Rate, VO2 Max 01:19:53 Tool: Interpretation, Resting Heart Rate & Ranges 01:23:16 Tool: Interpretation: VO2 Max & Ranges 01:30:45 Athletes & Highest VO2 Max Scores 01:35:53 Elite Athletes & Context for VO2 Max Scores 01:41:42 Tool: Intervention, VO2 Max, Varying Exercise Intensities, SAID Principle 01:48:20 Tool: Varying Exercise Intensity; Intervals & Continuous Training; Frequency 01:58:18 Zero-Cost Support, YouTube, Spotify & Apple Subscribe & Reviews, Sponsors, YouTube Feedback, Social Media 01:59:55 Conclusion from Dr. Andrew Huberman Disclaimer
    Huberman Lab
    enJune 12, 2024

    Dr. Jonathan Haidt: How Smartphones & Social Media Impact Mental Health & the Realistic Solutions

    Dr. Jonathan Haidt: How Smartphones & Social Media Impact Mental Health & the Realistic Solutions
    In this episode, my guest is Dr. Jonathan Haidt, Ph.D., professor of social psychology at New York University and bestselling author on how technology and culture impact the psychology and health of kids, teens, and adults. We discuss the dramatic rise of suicide, depression, and anxiety as a result of replacing a play-based childhood with smartphones, social media, and video games. He explains how a screen-filled childhood leads to challenges in psychological development that negatively impact learning, resilience, identity, cooperation, and conflict resolution — all of which are crucial skills for future adult relationships and career success. We also discuss how phones and social media impact boys and girls differently and the underlying neurobiological mechanisms of how smartphones alter basic brain plasticity and function.  Dr. Haidt explains his four recommendations for healthier smartphone use in kids, and we discuss how to restore childhood independence and play in the current generation.  This is an important topic for everyone, young or old, parents and teachers, students and families, to be aware of in order to understand the potential mental health toll of smartphone use and to apply tools to foster skill-building and reestablish healthy norms for our kids. For show notes, including referenced articles and additional resources, please visit hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman  Helix Sleep: https://helixsleep.com/huberman AeroPress: https://aeropress.com/huberman Joovv: https://joovv.com/huberman LMNT: https://drinklmnt.com/huberman Timestamps 00:00:00 Dr. Jonathan Haidt 00:02:01 Sponsors: Helix Sleep, AeroPress & Joovv 00:06:23 Great Rewiring of Childhood: Technology, Smartphones & Social Media 00:12:48 Mental Health Trends: Boys, Girls & Smartphones 00:16:26 Smartphone Usage, Play-Based to Phone-Based Childhood 00:20:40 The Tragedy of Losing Play-Based Childhood 00:28:13 Sponsor: AG1 00:30:02 Girls vs. Boys, Interests & Trapping Kids 00:37:31 “Effectance,” Systems & Relationships, Animals 00:41:47 Boys Sexual Development, Dopamine Reinforcement & Pornography 00:49:19 Boys, Courtship, Chivalry & Technology; Gen Z Development 00:55:24 Play & Low-Stakes Mistakes, Video Games & Social Media, Conflict Resolution 00:59:48 Sponsor: LMNT 01:01:23 Social Media, Trolls, Performance 01:06:47 Dynamic Subordination, Hierarchy, Boys 01:10:15 Girls & Perfectionism, Social Media & Performance 01:14:00 Phone-Based Childhood & Brain Development, Critical Periods 01:21:15 Puberty & Sensitive Periods, Culture & Identity 01:23:55 Brain Development & Puberty; Identity; Social Media, Learning & Reward 01:33:37 Tool: 4 Recommendations for Smartphone Use in Kids 01:41:48 Changing Childhood Norms, Policies & Legislature 01:49:13 Summer Camp, Team Sports, Religion, Music 01:54:36 Boredom, Addiction & Smartphones; Tool: “Awe Walks” 02:03:14 Casino Analogy & Ceding Childhood; Social Media Content 02:09:33 Adult Behavior; Tool: Meals & Phones 02:11:45 Regaining Childhood Independence; Tool: Family Groups & Phones 02:16:09 Screens & Future Optimism, Collective Action, KOSA Bill 02:24:52 Zero-Cost Support, Spotify & Apple Reviews, YouTube Feedback, Social Media, Neural Network Newsletter Disclaimer
    Huberman Lab
    enJune 10, 2024

    LIVE EVENT Q&A: Dr. Andrew Huberman at the Brisbane Convention & Exhibition Centre

    LIVE EVENT Q&A: Dr. Andrew Huberman at the Brisbane Convention & Exhibition Centre
    Recently I had the pleasure of hosting a live event in Brisbane, Australia. This event was part of a lecture series called The Brain Body Contract. My favorite part of the evening was the question and answer period, where I had the opportunity to answer questions from the attendees of each event. Included here is the Q&A from our event at the Brisbane Convention & Exhibition Centre. Sign up to get notified about future events: https://www.hubermanlab.com/events Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman Eight Sleep: https://eightsleep.com/huberman Resources Mentioned Huberman Lab Non-Sleep Deep Rest Protocols Huberman Lab Guest Series with Dr. Matt Walker Huberman Lab Guest Series with Dr. Paul Conti Huberman Lab Guest Series with Dr. Andy Galpin Dr. Becky Kennedy: Protocols for Excellent Parenting & Improving Relationships of All Kinds Perform with Dr. Andy Galpin Timestamps 00:00 Introduction 00:31 Sponsors: AG1 & Eight Sleep 03:48 Nicotine Discussion 07:42 ADHD Management: Tools & Medications 12:43 Sleep Deprivation & Recovery 18:54 Understanding & Addressing Burnout 22:12 Daily Nutrition & Eating Habits 24:40 Understanding Food & Neural Pathways 26:21 The Benefits of Elimination Diets 27:21 Intermittent Fasting & Personal Diet Choices 28:23 Top Health & Fitness Recommendations 30:50 The Value of Non-Sleep Deep Rest (NSDR) 33:08 Testosterone Replacement Therapy Insights 38:02 Breathing Techniques for Stress & Focus 41:46 Morning Sunlight & Circadian Rhythms 43:18 Parenting Tips for a Healthy Start 49:03 Final Thoughts & Gratitude Disclaimer
    Huberman Lab
    enJune 07, 2024

    Dr. Mary Claire Haver: How to Navigate Menopause & Perimenopause for Maximum Health & Vitality

    Dr. Mary Claire Haver: How to Navigate Menopause & Perimenopause for Maximum Health & Vitality
    In this episode, my guest is Dr. Mary Claire Haver, M.D., a board-certified OB/GYN and an expert on women’s health and menopause. We discuss the biology and symptoms of perimenopause and menopause and their effects on body composition, cardiometabolic health, mental health, and longevity. She explains the lifestyle factors, including nutrition, resistance training, sleep, and supplements, that can better prepare women for and improve symptoms of both perimenopause and menopause. We also discuss hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and whether HRT impacts the incidence of breast cancer or can affect cardiovascular health. We also discuss contraception, cellulite, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and how to reduce the risk of osteoporosis. This episode is rich in actionable information related to what is known about menopause and perimenopause and the stages before, allowing women of all ages to best navigate these life stages. For show notes, including referenced articles and additional resources, please visit hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman  AeroPress: https://aeropress.com/huberman  Eight Sleep: https://eightsleep.com/huberman  BetterHelp: https://betterhelp.com/huberman  InsideTracker: https://insidetracker.com/huberman  Timestamps 00:00:00 Dr. Mary Claire Haver 00:02:04 Sponsors: AeroPress, Eight Sleep & BetterHelp 00:06:26 Menopause, Age of Onset 00:09:50 Perimenopause, Hormones & “Zone of Chaos” 00:14:42 Perimenopause, Estrogen & Mental Health 00:20:04 Perimenopause Symptoms; Tool: Lifestyle Factors & Ovarian Health 00:25:26 Early Menopause, Premature Ovarian Failure; Estrogen Therapy 00:29:42 Sponsor: AG1 00:31:31 Contraception, Transdermal, IUDs; Menopause Onset, Freezing Eggs 00:38:18 Women’s Health: Misconceptions & Research 00:45:01 Tool: Diet, Preparing for Peri-/Menopause; Visceral Fat 00:48:31 Tools: Body Composition, Muscle & Menopause, Protein Intake 00:51:42 Menopause: Genetics, Symptoms; Tools: Waist-to-Hip Ratio; Gut Microbiome 00:58:22 Galveston vs. Mediterranean Diet, Fasting, Tool: Building Muscle 01:05:18 Sponsor: InsideTracker 01:06:29 Hot Flashes; Estrogen Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT), Breast Cancer Risk & Cognition 01:15:36 Estrogen HRT, Cardiovascular Disease, Blood Clotting; “Meno-posse” 01:24:00 Estrogen & Testosterone: Starting HRT & Ranges 01:30:36 Other Hormones, Thyroid & DHEA; Local Treatment, Urinary Symptoms 01:37:57 OB/GYN Medical Education & Menopause 01:41:30 Supplements, Fiber, Tools: Osteoporosis “Prevention Pack” 01:46:53 Collagen, Cellulite, Bone Density 01:51:42 HRT, Vertigo, Tinnitus, Dry Eye; Conditions Precluding HRT  01:55:27 Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) & Treatment; GLP-1, Addictive Behaviors 02:01:55 Post-menopause & HRT, Sustained HRT Usage 02:04:58 Mental Health, Perimenopause vs. Menopause; Sleep Disruptions, Alcohol 02:09:09 Male Support; Rekindle Libido 02:12:46 HRT Rash Side-Effect; Acupuncture; Visceral Fat 02:16:24 Zero-Cost Support, Spotify & Apple Reviews, YouTube Feedback, Sponsors, Social Media, Neural Network Newsletter Disclaimer
    Huberman Lab
    enJune 03, 2024

    Dr. Diego Bohórquez: The Science of Your Gut Sense & the Gut-Brain Axis

    Dr. Diego Bohórquez: The Science of Your Gut Sense & the Gut-Brain Axis
    In this episode, my guest is Dr. Diego Bohórquez, PhD, professor of medicine and neurobiology at Duke University and a pioneering researcher into how we use our ‘gut sense.’ He describes how your gut communicates to your brain and the rest of your body through hormones and neural connections to shape your thoughts, emotions, and behaviors. He explains how your gut senses a range of features such as temperature, pH, the macro- and micronutrients in our foods, and much more and signals that information to the brain to affect our food preferences, aversions, and cravings. Dr. Bohórquez describes his early life in the Amazon jungle and how exposure to traditional agriculture inspired his unique expertise combining nutrition, gastrointestinal physiology, and neuroscience. We discuss how the gut and brain integrate sensory cues, leading to our intuitive “gut sense” about food, people, and situations. This episode provides a scientific perspective into your gut sense to help you make better food choices and, indeed, to support better decision-making in all of life. For show notes, including referenced articles and additional resources, please visit hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman Joovv: https://joovv.com/huberman LMNT: https://drinklmnt.com/huberman Helix Sleep: https://helixsleep.com/huberman InsideTracker: https://insidetracker.com/huberman Timestamps 00:00:00 Dr. Diego Bohórquez 00:02:37 Sponsors: Joovv, LMNT & Helix Sleep; YouTube, Spotify & Apple Subscribe 00:06:49 Gut-Brain Axis 00:11:35 Gut Sensing, Hormones 00:15:26 Green Fluorescent Protein; Neuropod Cells & Environment Sensing 00:26:57 Brain & Gut Connection, Experimental Tools & Rabies Virus 00:35:28 Sponsor: AG1 00:37:00 Neuropod Cells & Nutrient Sensing 00:43:55 Gastric Bypass Surgery, Cravings & Food Choice 00:51:14 Optogenetics; Sugar Preference & Neuropod Cells 01:00:29 Gut-Brain Disorders, Irritable Bowel Syndrome 01:03:03 Sponsor: InsideTracker 01:04:04 Gut & Behavior; Gastric Bypass, Cravings & Alcohol 01:07:38 GLP-1, Ozempic, Neuropod Cells 01:11:46 Food Preference & Gut-Brain Axis, Protein 01:21:35 Protein & Sugar, Agriculture & ‘Three Sisters’ 01:25:16 Childhood, Military School; Academics, Nutrition & Nervous System 01:36:15 Plant Wisdom, Agriculture, Indigenous People 01:41:48 Evolution of Food Choices; Learning from Plants 01:48:15 Plant-Based Medicines; Amazonia, Guayusa Ritual & Chonta Palm 01:56:58 Yerba Mate, Chocolate, Guayusa 02:00:22 Brain, Gut & Sensory Integration; Variability 02:06:01 Electrical Patterns in Gut & Brain, “Hangry” 02:12:43 Gut Intuition, Food & Bonding; Subconscious & Superstition 02:22:00 Vagus Nerve & Learning, Humming 02:26:46 Digestive System & Memory; Body Sensing 02:32:51 Listening to the Body, Meditation 02:40:12 Zero-Cost Support, Spotify & Apple Reviews, YouTube Feedback, Sponsors, Social Media, Neural Network Newsletter Disclaimer
    Huberman Lab
    enMay 27, 2024

    Dr. Gary Steinberg: How to Improve Brain Health & Offset Neurodegeneration

    Dr. Gary Steinberg: How to Improve Brain Health & Offset Neurodegeneration
    In this episode, my guest is Dr. Gary Steinberg, MD, PhD, a neurosurgeon and a professor of neurosciences, neurosurgery, and neurology at Stanford University School of Medicine. We discuss brain health and brain injuries, including concussion, traumatic brain injury (TBI), stroke, aneurysm, and transient ischemic attacks (TIA). We discuss key and lesser-known risk factors for brain health and explain how certain treatments and medications can improve brain health and cognitive function. We also cover novel mechanisms to improve recovery after concussions and brain injury, including the use of stem cells, temperature (mild hypothermia), and vagus nerve stimulation. Dr. Steinberg also describes new advances in neurosurgery and minimally invasive brain augmentation. This episode ought to be of interest to anyone seeking actionable tools to improve their brain health and for those seeking to improve recovery after a brain injury such as concussion, stroke, aneurysm, or TBI. For show notes, including referenced articles and additional resources, please visit hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman Eight Sleep: https://eightsleep.com/huberman ROKA: https://roka.com/huberman AeroPress: https://aeropress.com/huberman LMNT: https://drinklmnt.com/huberman Timestamps 00:00:00 Dr. Gary Steinberg 00:01:44 Sponsors: Eight Sleep, ROKA & AeroPress; Subscribe on YouTube, Spotify & Apple 00:06:16 Stroke, Hemorrhage & Blood Clot 00:10:25 Blood Clots & Risk Factors, Medications, Smoking, Cholesterol 00:16:19 Heart & Brain Health; Neurosurgery & Brain Function 00:23:27 Current Technology & Neurosurgery, Minimally Invasive Techniques 00:28:13 Transient Ischemic Attacks (TIA); Spinal Cord Strokes 00:33:23 Stroke Risk: Alcohol, Cocaine & Other Drugs 00:38:24 Sponsor: AG1 00:39:55 Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), Concussion: Sports, Testing & Recovery 00:46:45 Statins; TBI & Aspirin; Caffeine & Stroke Risk 00:48:31 Exploratory MRI: Benefits & Risks 00:51:53 Blood Pressure, Lifestyle Factors; Tool: Feeling Faint, Hydration; Sleep 00:59:52 Sponsor: LMNT 01:01:27 Chiropractic Neck Adjustment & Arterial Obstruction; Inversion Tables 01:05:16 Kids, Tackle Football, Soccer, Boxing; Mild Concussion 01:10:49 Nerve Regeneration, Stem Cells, Stroke Recovery 01:17:36 Stem Cells, Immune System, Activity 01:21:27 Injury & Recovery, Restraint Therapy 01:23:46 Neuroprotection After Injury; Mild Hypothermia 01:34:59 Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP), Stem Cell Therapy 01:42:27 Scientific Advancements & Clinical Translation, FDA & Industry 01:47:40 Vagal Stimulation 01:53:17 Zero-Cost Support, Spotify & Apple Reviews, YouTube Feedback, Social Media, Neural Network Newsletter Disclaimer
    Huberman Lab
    enMay 20, 2024

    LIVE EVENT Q&A: Dr. Andrew Huberman at the ICC Sydney Theatre

    LIVE EVENT Q&A: Dr. Andrew Huberman at the ICC Sydney Theatre
    Recently I had the pleasure of hosting a live event in Sydney, Australia. This event was part of a lecture series called The Brain Body Contract. My favorite part of the evening was the question and answer period, where I had the opportunity to answer questions from the attendees of each event. Included here is the Q&A from our event at the ICC Sydney Theatre. Sign up to get notified about future events: https://www.hubermanlab.com/events Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman Eight Sleep: https://eightsleep.com/huberman Timestamps 00:00 Introduction 00:15 Live Event Recap: The Brain Body Contract 00:32 Sponsors: AG1 & Eight Sleep 03:30 Q&A Session Begins: Napping and Sleep Quality 06:34 The Power of the Placebo Effect 11:31 Entering Rest and Digest State: Techniques and Tools 15:35 Muscle Growth, Learning & the Brain 20:13 Hallucinogens: Personal Experiences & Clinical Insights 27:28 The Misunderstood Effects of MDMA 27:42 Exploring the Potential of MDMA in Clinical Settings 29:25 The Complex World of Psychedelics & Mental Health 30:07 Ketamine: From Misconception to Medical Use 31:53 The Fascinating Science of DMT 33:11 Supporting Science: Funding & Future Directions 34:48 The Gut-Brain Axis: A Key to Overall Health 40:41 Sleep Patterns and Chronotypes: Personalizing Rest 42:50 Addressing ADHD & Focus in the Modern World 49:27 Closing Remarks & Gratitude Disclaimer
    Huberman Lab
    enMay 17, 2024

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