4 The Soil: A Conversation

Are we there yet? Have we arrived at the intended destination? Have we reached the goal we set out for improving soil health and how soil functions? Have our good intentions of attempting to loosen the soil resulted in negative unintended consequences?

In part one of our conversation with Dale Stricker of Regenerative Wisdoms, Dale stated that tillage and soil disturbance make farmers very susceptible to drought. However, in relying on deep tillage and subsoiling to remove a mechanical barrier (i.e., a compacted layer or hardpan), farmers may exacerbate the problem, and tillage can result in unintended and unforeseen consequences in decreased root growth, increased compaction, and limited soil porosity. Dale shares how roadbuilding is very analogous to the procedures that farmers follow in subsoiling and the multiple tillage passes often used to try to loosen the soil. Dale encourages farmers and market gardeners to consider soil health as a bank account, where deposits outweigh withdrawals that encourage real wealth and health.

For more information about Dale's books on drought resilience, pasture management, restoring soil health, and the overall mission of Regenerative Wisdom, please visit https://www.regenerativewisdom.com/

To access two years of the 4 The Soil: A Conversation podcast archives and additional resources on soil health-building principles, please visit https://www.4thesoil.org/. To learn about the Virginia Soil Health Coalition, visit https://www.virginiasoilhealth.org/. We would love to hear your stories and the ways you are following the four core soil health principles.

How functional and drought-resilient is your soil? Is your soil a week away from a drought and an hour away from a flood?

Dale Strickler of Regenerative Wisdom talks with Jeff Ishee and Eric Bendfeldt about ways to increase drought resilience moving forward. Dale draws on his experience and expertise as a farmer, cattle rancher, college soil science instructor, and current agronomist to provide sound information for restoring soil function so the soil can hold water and allow water to infiltrate.

Does tillage and subsoiling pay and make soil more drought-resilient? Dale states that tillage and soil disturbance make farmers very susceptible to drought. In many cases, farmers think they are moving forward with deep tillage and subsoiling to remove a mechanical barrier. However, subsoiling can increase the sealing of the soil surface and decrease soil porosity so oxygen and water are less available to plant roots.

For more information about Dale's books on drought resilience and the overall mission of Regenerative Wisdom, please visit https://www.regenerativewisdom.com/

To access two years of the 4 The Soil: A Conversation podcast archives and additional resources on soil health-building principles, please visit https://www.4thesoil.org/. To learn about the Virginia Soil Health Coalition, visit https://www.virginiasoilhealth.org/. We would love to hear your stories and the ways you are addressing drought resilience and soil health on your farm or in your garden.

How does a purposeful mindset contribute to soil health and rebuilding soil fertility? What can we learn from culture, history, and mindset in storing our farm landscapes?

Rebekah Slabach recently became the associate director for the Alliance to Advance Climate-Smart Agriculture within Virginia Tech's College of Agriculture and Life Sciences. Formerly, Rebekah was an extension agent for agriculture and natural resources with Virginia Cooperative Extension in Halifax County. Rebekah reminds us that culture and history are part of agriculture and that managing soil health through changing weather, markets, and environmental demands requires a purposeful mindset. In striving to keep the soil covered with more species of cover crops, Rebekah emphasizes that a planted cover crop is better than waiting to plant the perfect cover crop mixture and that something covering the soil is better than a bare fallow.

The Alliance to Advance Climate-Smart Agriculture is a pilot program that seeks to incentivize and reward farmers and ranchers for adopting climate-smart agricultural practices. To learn more about the Alliance and Virginia Tech's role, please visit https://www.allianceforcsa.org/

The basic information and core principles of soil health, along with two years of the 4 The Soil: A Conversation podcast archives, can be accessed at https://www.4thesoil.org/. To pledge your support to 4 The Soil, fill out the form at https://www.4thesoil.org/take-the-pledge and tell us about your mindset for building soil resilience and health in your community.

What are the ingredients of change? How can you fuel and be an agent of change in your community? Rebekah Slabach serves as an extension agent of agriculture and natural resources with Virginia Cooperative Extension in Halifax County. Rebekah shares her early involvement with 4-H and Youth Conservation Camp as two educational opportunities growing up that sparked her interest and passion in agriculture and the environment. Rebekah sees her work with Extension to fuel and encourage positive change on farms and the broader community. Mindfulness, passion, and perspective are key elements for fueling change but also knowing your goals and not getting distracted by seemingly urgent needs. Soil fertility and health have to be managed for short-term and long-term profitability, resilience, and community change.

To learn more about Virginia Cooperative Extension's Natural Resource and Environmental Education programs and the Virginia's Soil and Water Conservation Districts' Youth Conservation Camp, please visit https://ext.vt.edu/4h-youth/nree.html and https://vaswcd.org/conservation-camp/

The basic information and core principles of soil health, along with two years of the 4 The Soil: A Conversation podcast archives, can be accessed at https://www.4thesoil.org/. To pledge your support to 4 The Soil, fill out the form at https://www.4thesoil.org/take-the-pledge and tell us how you are building soil resilience and health in your community.

The power of observation and a receptive mind are critical to farming, soil health, research, and all discoveries. Jeff Ishee, Mary Sketch Bryant, and Eric Bendfeldt start the New Year and third season of the 4 The Soil podcast with another conversation with Dr. Stuart Grandy, Professor of Natural Resources and the Environment, at the University of New Hampshire (UNH). It turns out the most powerful tool farmers and gardeners have regardless of size is taking time to observe and reflect on what is happening and observing how soil and plants respond to different management strategies. This tool can be used while sitting in a lawn chair or on a tractor. Therefore, the power of observation, good on-farm research, and a receptive mind should never be undervalued in building soil health and discovering the multiple functions and resilience soil can provide particularly during times of drought.

To learn more about Dr. Grandy's research at the UNH Center of Soil Biogeochemistry and Microbial Ecology, please visit https://colsa.unh.edu/soil-biome. More information about Dr. Grandy’s mentor and peer Dr. Matt Liebman, Professor Emeritus and Henry A. Wallace Endowed Chair for Sustainable Agriculture at Iowa State University, can be accessed at https://www.agron.iastate.edu/people/liebman-matt/

Archives of two years of the 4 The Soil: A Conversation podcasts can be accessed at https://www.4thesoil.org/podcast. Also, to pledge your support 4 The Soil, please visit https://www.4thesoil.org/take-the-pledge and let us know what you are observing on your farm or in your garden in building soil resilience and health.

How does one measure and monitor what's happening below the ground in the soil food web? Jeff Ishee, Mary Sketch Bryant, and Eric Bendfeldt caught up with Dr. Stuart Grandy, Professor of Natural Resources and the Environment, at the University of New Hampshire (UNH) to discuss the diversity of soil life and emerging sensor technologies to probe soil organic matter, soil carbon, and overall health. Dr. Grandy outlines why core soil health principles are essential for encouraging fungal hyphae, increasing the diversity of habitats, and enhancing food substrates needed to build a robust soil food web. He emphasizes how important the power of observation is and how he is constantly inspired by farmers' observations and their ongoing on-farm research for increasing productivity and reducing environmental impacts.

To learn more about Dr. Grandy's research at the UNH Center of Soil Biogeochemistry and Microbial Ecology, please visit https://colsa.unh.edu/soil-biome

Archives of two years of the 4 The Soil: A Conversation podcasts can be accessed at https://www.4thesoil.org/podcast. Also, to pledge your support 4 The Soil, please visit https://www.4thesoil.org/take-the-pledge and let us know what you are doing to build soil health and life on your farm or in your garden.

Since October 2021, Jeff Ishee, Mary Sketch Bryant, and Eric Bendfeldt have had sixty conversations about the health and fertility of soil as part of the podcast. To celebrate World Soils Day 2023, we are sharing three recaps of conversations that were quite memorable with Dr. David R. Montgomery and Anne Bikle authors of What Your Food Ate and Growing a Revolution; Clare Tallamy of Virginia Tech's 2022 Soil Judging Team; and Lee Rinehart a grazing specialist with the National Center for Appropriate Technology.

World Soils Day was organized to bring attention and focus on the importance of healthy soil and the sustainable management of soil resources. David Montgomery and Anne Bikle start the conversation off with a discussion about soil life and how the health of soil can ultimately affect diet and nutrition at a basic level. Clare Tallamy gives a summary of how to assess and judge soil from inside a pit, while Lee Rinehart emphasizes how critical soil health is for grazing management, water quality, and drought resilience.

To join the Virginia Soil Health Coalition and listen to the other 4 The Soil: A Conversation episodes, please visit https://www.virginiasoilhealth.org/ and https://www.4thesoil.org/podcast

To nourish and (re)imagine collaboration, conservation, and community, plan to register and attend the upcoming 2023 Virginia Farm to Table Conference.

How do we identify community and natural resource needs? What are people doing to thrive as well as survive? Executive Director Nelson Muiru of Kijabe Environment Volunteers (KENVO) talks with Jeff Ishee, Mary Sketch Bryant, and Eric Bendfeldt for a second episode on how they seek to balance the everyday social and financial needs of people and communities in the Central Highlands of Kenya in East Africa with important natural resource needs. Farming is a primary livelihood and source of sustenance for many people in rural Kenya. At the same time, people and communities rely on forests for timber and charcoal for everyday use and as a source of income. Therefore, it is essential to understand community needs and what people require to thrive while balancing and communicating how indigenous forests provide critical ecosystem services such as water catchment, erosion control, air purification, and pollinator habitat that benefit the local community, towns along the Kikuyu Escarpment, and even cities like Nairobi, Nakuru, Kisumu, and Mombasa. KENVO provides community-based leadership and education to link farmers and communities to existing and emerging markets for farm and forest crops, value-added agricultural consumer goods, and non-timber forest products.

To learn more about Kijabe Environment Volunteers' (KENVO) community-focused conservation work, please visit https://kenvo.org/

To join the Virginia Soil Health Coalition and pledge your support for soil health, please visit https://www.virginiasoilhealth.org/ and https://4thesoil/take-the-pledge

To nourish and (re)imagine collaboration, conservation, and community, plan to register and attend the upcoming 2023 Virginia Farm to Table Conference.

How do you work with communities and individual farmers to build trust and achieve multiple social, financial, and ecological goals? Executive Director Nelson Muiru of Kijabe Environment Volunteers (KENVO) talks with Jeff Ishee, Mary Sketch Bryant, and Eric Bendfeldt about how their organization seeks to maximize biodiversity, ecosystem services, and food security in the Central Highlands of Kenya in East Africa. Like many countries, Kenya is working to conserve and preserve non-renewable resources (i.e., soil, water, culturally significant forests, etc.) to benefit people's livelihoods and communities. KENVO provides leadership and education to conserve biodiversity in the Kikuyu Escarpment, while also preserving natural habitats, protecting water quality, and building soil health. For Nelson and his colleagues, this means working closely with local communities to identify mutually beneficial goals and advancing eco-friendly income-generating businesses (e.g., forest farming, beekeeping, water bottling, solar-dried foods) through trust, accountability, and ongoing conversations with farmers and communities.

To learn more about Kijabe Environment Volunteers' (KENVO) community-focused conservation work, please visit https://kenvo.org/

To join the Virginia Soil Health Coalition and pledge your support for soil health, please visit https://www.virginiasoilhealth.org/ and https://4thesoil/take-the-pledge

To nourish and (re)imagine collaboration, conservation, and community, plan to register and attend the upcoming 2023 Virginia Farm to Table Conference.

How do we improve lawn soil health by adjusting mower deck height? Can adjusting your lawnmower deck from three inches to four or more inches save you time and energy? Is genetically modified turfgrass in the future of your lawn?

Extension Turfgrass Specialist Dr. Mike Goatley of Virginia Tech (Dr. Turf) talks with Jeff Ishee and Eric Bendfeldt about emerging and applied research in turfgrass and lawn management including developments in turfgrass breeding. For overall lawn care and health, Dr. Goatley recommends adjusting the lawnmower deck height upwards starting on Memorial Day and until Labor Day to encourage root growth and prevent weed seed from getting established, particularly for less drought-tolerant cool season grasses. Testing your soil is a critical first step for improving and building soil health. Mike also emphasizes how an annual application of a quarter inch of compost as part of a maintenance regimen can help with lawn health by adding organic matter and being a slow-release source of needed nutrients.

For additional information on turfgrass and lawn management, please visit the Virginia Tech Turfgrass website at https://turf.spes.vt.edu/ The National Turfgrass Evaluation Progam and database on the performance of different turfgrass species can be accessed at https://www.ntep.org/. Information about 2023 - 2024 Virginia Turfgrass Variety Recommendations can be found at https://www.pubs.ext.vt.edu/SPES/spes-518/spes-518.html

Learn more about the Virginia Soil Health Coalition and pledge your support for soil health at https://www.virginiasoilhealth.org/ and https://4thesoil/take-the-pledge

President Abraham Lincoln stated in 1858 that "Every blade of grass is a study; and to produce two, where there was but one, is both a profit and a pleasure." The profit and pleasure of turfgrass still require observation, care, and ongoing research. Extension Turfgrass Specialist Dr. Mike Goatley of Virginia Tech (Dr. Turf) talks with Jeff Ishee and Eric Bendfeldt about his journey into studying and researching turfgrass and lawn management. Mike provides guidance on the value of turfgrass for water quality, erosion control, soil stabilization, temperature moderation, and drought resilience. Knowing the eight different types of grass that grow and thrive across Virginia's climatic transition zones can help, but overall turfgrass performance and resilience to drought begins with managing soil for fertility and health.

For additional information on turfgrass and lawn management, please visit the Virginia Tech Turfgrass website at https://turf.spes.vt.edu/ Also, if you want to become a Virginia Certified Fertilizer Applicator, Virginia Cooperative Extension offers certification training opportunities at https://www.ext.vt.edu/cfa.

Learn more about the Virginia Soil Health Coalition and pledge your support for soil health at https://www.virginiasoilhealth.org/ and https://4thesoil/take-the-pledge

Like author Simon Sinek, Daniel Austin of Green Sprig Ag and Little Hen Farm encourages people to start with their “why.” Doing so will help people understand their motivation and refine their purpose in life and work. Knowing both the “why” and the “how” of farming and building soil health is critically important to economic viability, community well-being, and true sustainability. Jeff Ishee, Mary Sketch Bryant, and Eric Bendfeldt continue their conversation with Daniel by phone to learn more about his “why” and “how” of farming and growing local grains.

Daniel emphasizes that farmers need to know and understand their "why" for all aspects of their farm operation. On his farm, he aims to care for and rebuild the soil while also maximizing the number of farm enterprises the land can sustain. Daniel also encourages farmers to continually surround themselves with positive mentors and peers. Similarly, he desires to be a good mentor for others in the same way that key mentors have been instrumental in his own journey

Green Sprig Ag is located in the foothills of the Blue Ridge mountains.in Franklin County, Virginia. To learn about the Common Grain Alliance and the upcoming Mid-Atlantic Grain Fair and Conference, please visit https://www.commongrainalliance.org/mid-atlantic-grain-fair

Learn more about the Virginia Soil Health Coalition and pledge your support for soil health at https://www.virginiasoilhealth.org/ and https://4thesoil/take-the-pledge

What are the resource concerns and aspirations for your farm and land? Jeff Ishee, Mary Sketch Bryant, and Eric Bendfeldt catch up by phone with farmer, entrepreneur, and soil health champion Daniel Austin of Little Red Hen Farm and Green Sprig Ag. Daniel is a fifth-generation farmer in Franklin County and shares the history of how his interest and passion for soil health started with a loathe of picking up rocks and erosion. In a nutshell, he and his family grow, process, and package local grains (wheat, spelt, buckwheat, and open-pollinated corn) for as direct farm-to-table sales to families, bakers, millers, and brewers as possible. Additional enterprises of Little Red Hen Farm and Green Sprig Ag include a flock of sheep to graze on the rolling hills and the selling of cover crop seeds for food, feed, and conservation. Green Sprig Ag tailors cover crop sales to address farmers' and growers' resource concerns and priorities. For many people, the primary resource concern is the prevention and elimination of erosion. Daniel gives guidance on how he would walk through ways to address erosion concerns with a producer and landowner and how people can then possibly supply nitrogen, add the proper amount of organic matter, and prevent compaction with a cover crop mixture.

Green Sprig Ag is located in the foothills of the Blue Ridge mountains.in Franklin County, Virginia To learn a bit more about Little Red Hen Farm's and Green Sprig Ag's investment in soil health practices, please watch this video produced by the Common Grain Alliance at https://www.commongrainalliance.org/videos

Learn more about the Virginia Soil Health Coalition and pledge your support for soil health at https://www.virginiasoilhealth.org/ and https://4thesoil/take-the-pledge

What is your passion? Where do you experience a sense of wonder and hope? Jeff Ishee and Mary Sketch Bryant talk with Kate Bracken and Craig Fracker of the Goochland-Powhatan Master Gardener Association about how they empower communities with research-based garden education from the soil up, and specifically about their HOPE (Helping Our Planet Endure) initiative. Kate and Craig as Master Gardener volunteers with Virginia Cooperative Extension share how their local association builds and maintains active interest among their community in the care of lawns, trees, shrubs, flowers, gardens, and most importantly soils. Without soil, there are no gardens.

To learn more about Virginia Cooperative Extension's Master Gardener program and the Goochland-Powhatan Master Gardener Association's Hope from the Garden initiative, please visit https://ext.vt.edu/lawn-garden/master-gardener/Become-a-Master-Gardener.html and https://www.hopeftg.org/

Learn more about the Virginia Soil Health Coalition and pledge your support for soil health at https://www.virginiasoilhealth.org/ and https://4thesoil/take-the-pledge

How do we encourage stewardship of the land and our communities in the next generation? In this episode, Jeff Ishee, Eric Bendfeldt, and Sarah Koth continue their conversation with Kathy Yoder, the Education Outreach Program Director at Vine and Fig in Harrisonburg, Virginia, about the organization’s work to get youth outdoors and experience nature. Kathy discusses the mental health and learning benefits she sees in students from experiential learning in the garden and in nature. She also dives into the integrative farm-to-school work that she is involved with in Harrisonburg and how it has increased access to healthy nutritious food and benefitted both the area’s youth and the community more broadly.

To learn more about Vine and Fig and the New Community Project please visit https://www.vinefigeducation.org/ and https://www.vinefigncp.org/.

Learn more about the Virginia Soil Health Coalition and pledge your support for soil health at https://www.virginiasoilhealth.org/ and https://4thesoil/take-the-pledge

Healthy soil means healthy plants which means healthy people and a healthy planet. In this episode, Jeff Ishee, Eric Bendfeldt, and Sarah Koth speak with Kathy Yoder, the Education Outreach Program Director at Vine and Fig in Harrisonburg, Virginia, about the nonprofit’s local programs to strengthen local food systems, ensure access to wholesome nutrition for underserved communities, and educate youth on food production and sustainability.

Kathy digs into the importance of empowering young minds to understand the connection between the life in the soil and a sustainable environment, specifically as relates to compost production and use. Listen to learn how Vine & Fig and the New Community Project are sowing the seeds of positive change to cultivate a healthier, more sustainable future for all from the soil up.

To learn more about Vine and Fig and the New Community Project please visit https://www.vinefigeducation.org/ and https://www.vinefigncp.org/.

Learn more about the Virginia Soil Health Coalition and pledge your support for soil health at https://www.virginiasoilhealth.org/ and https://www.4thesoil.org.

Soil is important infrastructure on our landscapes and in our communities. Jeff Ishee, Eric Bendfeldt, and Mary Sketch Bryant talk with Carl Stafford of Virginia Cooperative Extension in Culpeper County about the George Washington Carver Center, a food and business incubator and agricultural service center serving communities in and around Culpeper County. Carl is the Agricultural and Natural Resources Extension Agent in Stafford County and has expertise in livestock forages, beef cattle management, and has been an active member in the community for years. In this episode, Carl discusses the intersection of food, soil, history, and community that the Carver Center embodies.

To learn more about The George Washington Carver Center and educational programming of Virginia Cooperative Extension in Culpeper County, please visit https://www.ext.vsu.edu/carver-center and https://culpeper..ext.vt.edu/

Learn more about the Virginia Soil Health Coalition and pledge your support for soil health at https://www.virginiasoilhealth.org/ and https://www.4thesoil.org.

What does the health of plants and animals have to tell us about life underground? In this episode, Jeff Ishee, Eric Bendfeldt, and Mary Sketch Bryant talk with Carl Stafford of Virginia Cooperative Extension in Culpeper County about the importance of grazing with intent for the benefit of plants, animals, and the soil. Carl is the Agricultural and Natural Resources Extension Agent in Stafford County and has expertise in livestock forages, and beef cattle management, and is an active leader in the Graze 300 program. In this episode, Carl discusses the importance of paying attention to the biological components of soil and the role that well managed livestock and grass management systems can play in supporting life underground. He shares who his mentors have been over the years and the importance of peer-to-peer networks for promoting innovation.

To learn more about Graze 300 and educational programming of Virginia Cooperative Extension in Culpeper County, please visit https://ext.vt.edu/agriculture/graze-300.html and https://culpeper..ext.vt.edu/


Learn more about the Virginia Soil Health Coalition and pledge your support for soil health at https://www.virginiasoilhealth.org/ and https://www.4thesoil.org.

How can you really know your soil is alive, biologically active, and not sterile? Well, the answer is brief. Yes, really! Soil your undies, that is, bury a pair of your 100% cotton undies in an area of your garden or cropland where you are curious about its biological activity and wait about 60 days to see what happens and if the undies decompose through time due to the microbial life in the soil.

Elizabeth Mullins Baldwin and Meagan Dyer of Virginia Cooperative Extension's (VCE) Page County Office share with Jeff Ishee and Mary Sketch Bryant how they first learned about the USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service's ‘Soil Your Undies Challenge’ and how they have incorporated the demonstration into their ongoing soil health educational programming efforts with farmers, gardeners, 4-H youth, school children, and anyone who is interested in enhancing soil life through core soil health-building principles.

To learn more about the "Soil Your Undies' demonstration and the overall educational programming of Virginia Cooperative Extension in Page County, Virginia, and the surrounding area, please visit https://page.ext.vt.edu/

Learn more about the Virginia Soil Health Coalition, pledge your support for soil health, and ways you might celebrate National Soil Health Day at https://www.virginiasoilhealth.org/ and https://www.4thesoil.org

We can all make a difference and construct the world we want to see and experience now and into the future. In part one, Taona Makunje Chigwenembe, the executive director of Creative Solutions for the Environment of Malawi shared with us the importance of honoring indigenous knowledge, practicing permaculture, and integrating agroforestry systems. The conversation continues about cover crops, compost, legumes, nitrogen-fixing trees, green manures, and ongoing resolute support of family, neighbors, and community in making a difference for soil health, water conservation, and educational leadership.

Taona also highlighted an educational initiative titled, "A Girl and a Bike," which provides scholarships, bicycles, and temporary housing to enable underprivileged girls in rural Malawi to have access to quality secondary school education. Taona and her team with Creative Solutions for the Environment believe that formal education is integral for protecting the environment and improving overall community life.

Tune into the conversation wherever you get your podcasts!

Creative Solutions for the Environment ( https://csemw.org ) is a non-profit organization founded in Malawi with a passion to care for the Earth and its people to creatively provide integrated community-focused solutions that tackle both environmental issues and poverty. A short video about the "A Girl and a Bike" project administered by CSE can be viewed at https://youtu.be/TWh71zP9gs4

Taona reiterates we can all make a difference to expand our educational and leadership footprint in soil health and ecological management to benefit all.

Learn more about the Virginia Soil Health Coalition, pledge your support for soil health, and plan to celebrate and acknowledge National Soil Health Day at https://www.virginiasoilhealth.org/ and https://www.4thesoil.org