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    sam zemurray

    Explore " sam zemurray" with insightful episodes like "#338 Monty Moncrief Texas Oil Billionaire", "#336 How To Lose A Few Billion Dollars: Samuel Insull", "#325 Larry Gagosian (Billionaire Art Dealer)", "Sam Zemurray (The Fish That Ate the Whale)" and "The Founder of Kinkos — Paul Orfalea" from podcasts like ""Founders", "Founders", "Founders", "Founders" and "Founders"" and more!

    Episodes (9)

    #338 Monty Moncrief Texas Oil Billionaire

    #338 Monty Moncrief Texas Oil Billionaire

    What I learned from reading Wildcatters: A Story of Texans, Oil, and Money by Sally Helgesen.

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    (0:01) Family and business were the same thing to him.

    (1:00) We're one-hundred percent family owned, unincorporated, and independent, and we intend to stay that way.

    (1:00) He possessed the directness and the utter simplicity of the old and the truly great.

    (2:00) His unquestioning confidence in the worthiness of his enterprise made him seem impervious to doubts.

    (5:00) The Morgans always believed in absolute monarchy. While Junius Morgan lived, he ruled the family and the business. Until Junius died his massive shadow dominated his son’s life. — The House of Morgan: An American Banking Dynasty and the Rise of Modern Finance by Ron Chernow. (Founders #139)

    (8:00) Everywhere they looked, they saw opportunity without limits. The land itself was empty, and so these men built cities upon it and founded dynasties. They left behind them a world made in their own image.

    (9:00) The old wildcatters had neither the time nor the inclination to question their own purposes, or to agonize about what the future consequences of their efforts might be. They just went out and did whatever was there to be done.

    (10:00) The trouble with this business is that everybody expects to find oil on the surface. If it was up near the top, it wouldn't be any trick to it. You've got to drill deep for oil. — The Big Rich: The Rise and Fall of the Greatest Texas Oil Fortunes by Bryan Burrough (Founders #149)

    (14:00) Charlie’s surfing model. One thing I learned from having dinner with Charlie was the importance of getting into a great business and STAYING in it. There’s a tendency in human nature to mess up a good thing because of an inability to sit still:

    "There are huge advantages for the early birds. When you're an early bird, there's a model that I call surfing—when a surfer gets up and catches the wave and just stays there, he can go a long, long time.

    But if he gets off the wave, he becomes mired in shallows. But people get long runs when they're right on the edge of the wave, whether it's Microsoft or Intel or all kinds of people."

    —  the NEW Poor Charlie's Almanack: The Wit and Wisdom of Charlie Munger. (Founders #329)

    (18:00)  Ted Turner's Autobiography (Founders #327)

    (19:00) All the stories seem to be about the same prickly individual. They are giants, successful predators, acute and astute, tamers of the untamable and defenders of vast treasure.

    (26:00) There are times when certain cards sit unclaimed in the common pile, when certain properties become available that will never be available again. A good businessman feels these moments like a fall in the barometric pressure. A great businessman is dumb enough to act on them even when he cannot afford to. — The Fish That Ate the Whale: The Life and Times of America's Banana King by Rich Cohen. (Founders #255)

    (29:00) Delusional optimism: Go from one setback to another setback without any loss of enthusiasm.

    (31:00) There's no what if. There's only what happened.

    (33:00) Rainmakers Podcast

    (34:00) I’d rather be lucky than smart, because a lot of smart guys go hungry.

    (36:00) Optimism is the personal quality that nurtures luck.

    (36:00) Chaos and defiance ruled the day, and those who led the way made little secret of their refusal to be controlled.

    (44:00) Anybody who's got an idea of his own has to be a little bit crazy. Being crazy is something big companies just don't understand.

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    I have listened to every episode released and look forward to every episode that comes out. The only criticism I would have is that after each podcast I usually want to buy the book because I am interested so my poor wallet suffers. ” — Gareth

    Be like Gareth. Buy a book: All the books featured on Founders Podcast

    #336 How To Lose A Few Billion Dollars: Samuel Insull

    #336 How To Lose A Few Billion Dollars: Samuel Insull

    What I learned from reading Insull: The Rise and Fall of A Billionaire Utility Tycoon by Forrest McDonald. 

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    (0:01) Insull had been in the electric business as long as there had been an electric business.

    (4:00) He awoke early, abruptly, completely, bursting with energy; yet he gained momentum as the day wore on, and long into the night. Sam had near-demonic energy.

    (5:00) Sam's most obvious attribute was a capacity for racing through large quantities of reading material, effortlessly perceiving its important assumptions and generalizations, and thoroughly assimilating its salient details.

    (7:00) He eagerly embraced platitudes:

    • Idle hands are the devil's workshop

    • Time is money

    • Things are simply "done" or "not done"

    • One reveres one's family

    • Only that which is useful is good

    • Survival of the fittest

    (8:00) Opportunity handled well leads to more opportunity.

    (12:00) He developed an ability to concentrate on a single subject and to completely shut out everything else, no matter how pressing.

    (13:00) A theme from the robber baron era: How do we turn a luxury product into a necessity?

    (18:00) If you do everything you will win.  — Working by Robert Caro. (Founders #305) and The Mind of Napoleon: A Selection of His Written and Spoken Words edited by J. Christopher Herold. (Founders #302)

    (19:00) Insull reread every one of Edison's European contracts, and he took it upon himself to write weekly letters to Johnson, summarizing the fluctuations in the telephone situation and outlining Edison's shifting interests in connection with it. These letters proved to be the best selling points Johnson could have in recommending Insull to Edison.

    (20:00) One of his most deep-rooted traits was that he was absolutely unable to imagine the possibility of his own failure; he entirely lacked the sense of caution of those who doubt themselves.

    (21:00) Caution, like relaxation, was unnatural to him.

    (21:00) We will make electric lights so cheap that only the rich will be able to burn candles.

    (27:00) Edison had an almost pathological hostility to any form of system, order, or discipline imposed from without.

    (33:00) Warren Buffett on leverage:

    Unquestionably, some people have become very rich through the use of borrowed money. However, that's also been a way to get very poor. When leverage works, it magnifies your gains. Your spouse thinks you're clever, and your neighbors get envious. But leverage is addictive. Once having profited from its wonders, very few people retreat to more conservative practices.

    And [to repeat] as we all learned in third grade-and some relearned in 2008–any series of positive numbers, however impressive the numbers may be, evaporates when multiplied by a single zero. History tells us that leverage all too often produces zeroes, even when it is employed by very smart people.

    Leverage, of course, can be lethal to businesses as well. Companies with large debts often assume that these obligations can be refinanced as they mature. That assumption is usually valid. Occasionally, though, either because of company-specific problems or a worldwide shortage of credit, maturities must actually be met by payment. For that, only cash will do the job.

    The Essays of Warren Buffett by Warren Buffett and Lawrence Cunningham. (Founders #227)

    (35:00) Smart men go broke three ways: liquor, ladies and leverage. — Charlie Munger

    (42:00) To make electricity as cheap as possible we need the largest base of customers. The way to get the largest base of customers is through monopoly.

    (45:00) He understood the potential of his industry in a way others did not.

    (45:00) We are only going to do things that other people can not do.

    (47:00) While money may not buy friends it will keep many a man from becoming an enemy.

    (50:00) The moment of applause was the moment for action.

    (1:00:00) You need to tell your customers what goes into making your product. It may be normal to you because it is your everyday thing. It is not normal to them. And if you explain and you educate your customers they will find it fascinating. And as a result it will make the service and the product you provide more valuable in their eyes.

    (1:00:00) Sam Insull made electric power so abundant and cheap in the United States that people who had never expected to use it, found it as natural and as necessary as breathing.

    (1:06:00) He took his leverage too high and the structure of the leverage was a problem. —  Ted Turner's Autobiography.(Founders #327)

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    I have listened to every episode released and look forward to every episode that comes out. The only criticism I would have is that after each podcast I usually want to buy the book because I am interested, so my poor wallet suffers.” — Gareth

    Be like Gareth. Buy a book: All the books featured on Founders Podcast

    #325 Larry Gagosian (Billionaire Art Dealer)

    #325 Larry Gagosian (Billionaire Art Dealer)

    What I learned from reading How Larry Gagosian Reshaped The Art World by Patrick Radden Keefe. 

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    (4:00) The dealer has been so successful selling art to masters of the universe that he has become one of them.

    (5:45) We think of genius as being complicated, but geniuses have the fewest moving parts. Gagosian is simple. He's basically a shark, a feeding machine.

    (6:00) A novice is easily spotted because they do too much. Too many ingredients, too many movements. Too much explanation. A master uses the fewest motions required to fulfill their intention.

    (10:00) His own publicist described him as “A Real Killer”

    (12:00) The Invisible Billionaire: Daniel Ludwig by Jerry Shields. (Founders #292)

    (17:30) There is always a blueprint. Joseph Duveen was the art dealer to the Robber Barons. 

    Biographies of Duveen:

    Duveen: A Life in Art

    Secrets Of An Art Dealer

    Duveen

    The Artful Partners: The Secret Association of Bernard Berenson and Joseph Duveen

    (18:00) Numerous friends of Gagosian caution me not to mistake this merry-go-round of parties and galas and super yacht cruises for a life of leisure. This guy is always working. This motherfucker works 24/7. The parties are marketing showcases in disguise.

    (19:00) The Taste of Luxury: Bernard Arnault and the Moet-Hennessy Louis Vuitton Story by Nadege Forestier and Nazanine Ravai. (Founders #296)

    (19:30) The best way to raise the price of something is to say that you would never sell it.

    (23:00) If Gagosian possesses one secret weapon that has equipped him for success it might be his disinhibition.

    (33:00) The niche Gagosian pursued was seen —at the time —as low status. The secondary business was perceived as a backwater by dealers. It was considered a bit distasteful.

    (42:00) He disdains formal meetings. He finds bureaucracy and protocol dull. There is no hierarchy. There is Larry and then everyone else.

    (44:00) Gagosian reaps huge profits from asymmetries of information.

    (51:00) Art is just money on the walls.

    (54:00) David Geffen is still as liquid as the day is long.

    (56:00) The competitive drive of self-made billionaires does not go into remission once they’ve made their fortune.

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    I have listened to every episode released and look forward to every episode that comes out. The only criticism I would have is that after each podcast I usually want to buy the book because I am interested, so my poor wallet suffers.” — Gareth

    Be like Gareth. Buy a book: All the books featured on Founders Podcast

    Sam Zemurray (The Fish That Ate the Whale)

    Sam Zemurray (The Fish That Ate the Whale)

    What I learned from rereading The Fish That Ate the Whale: The Life and Times of America's Banana King by Rich Cohen.

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    [4:47] This story can shock and infuriate us, and it does. But I found it invigorating, too. It told me that the life of the nation was written not only by speech-making grandees in funny hats but also by street-corner boys, immigrant strivers, crazed and driven, some with one good idea, some with thousands, willing to go to the ends of the earth to make their vision real.

    [8:56] Tycoon's War: How Cornelius Vanderbilt Invaded a Country to Overthrow America's Most Famous Military Adventurer by Stephen Dando-Collins (Founders #55)

    [10:00] Unlike Vanderbilt's other adversaries William Walker was not afraid of Cornelius when he should have been.

    [12:21] The immigrants of that era could not afford to be children.

    [12:42] The Adventures of Herbie Cohen: World's Greatest Negotiator by Rich Cohen

    [12:54] He was driven by the same raw energy that has always attracted the most ambitious to America, then pushed them to the head of the crowd. Grasper, climber-nasty ways of describing this kid, who wants what you take for granted. From his first months in America, he was scheming, looking for a way to get ahead. You did not need to be a Rockefeller to know the basics of the dream: Start at the bottom, fight your way to the top.

    [14:01] There is no problem you can't solve if you understand your business from A to Z.

    [17:08]  Sam spotted an opportunity where others saw nothing.

    [18:17] As far as he was concerned, ripes were considered trash only because Boston Fruit and similar firms were too slow-footed to cover ground. It was a calculation based on arrogance. I can be fast where others have been slow. I can hustle where others have been satisfied with the easy pickings of the trade.

    [18:42] The kid on the streets is getting a shot at a dream. He sees the guy who gets rich and thinks, yep, that'll be me. He ignores the other stories going around.  // There's no way to quantify all that on a spreadsheet, but it's that dream of being the exception, the one who gets rich and gets out before he gets got that's the key to a hustler's motivation. Decoded by Jay Z. (Founders #238)

    [26:36] He was pure hustle.

    [28:15] Preston later spoke of Zemurray with admiration. He said the kid from Russia was closer in spirit to the banana pioneers than anyone else working. "He's a risk taker," Preston explained, “he's a thinker, and he's a doer.”

    [30:33] They don't write books about people that stopped there.

    [32:48] Titan: The Life of John D. Rockefeller by Ron Chernow (Founders #248) and John D: The Founding Father of the Rockefellers by David Freeman Hawke. (#254)

    [34:22] He seemed to strive for the sake of striving.

    [34:44] If you're on a mans side you stay on that mans side or you're no better than a goddamn animal.

    [35:11] The world is a mere succession of fortunes made and lost, lessons learned and forgotten and learned again.

    [39:41] A man whose commitment could not be questioned, who fed his own brothers to the jungle.

    [40:00] The Forgotten Highlander: An Incredible WWII Story of Survival in the Pacificby Alistair Urquhart.

    [41:02] Why the Founders of United Fruit were the Rockefellers of bananas.

    [47:23] He kept quiet because talking only drives up the price.

    [48:19] There are times when certain cards sit unclaimed in the common pile, when certain properties become available that will never be available again. A good businessman feels these moments like a fall in the barometric pressure. A great businessman is dumb enough to act on them even when he cannot afford to.

    [53:30] He believed in the transcendent power of physical labor—that a man can free his soul only by exhausting his body.

    [1:02:04] He disdained bureaucracy and hated paperwork. So seldom did he dictate a letter that he requires no full-time secretary.

    [1:04:01] He was respected because he understood the trade. By the time he was 40 he had served in every position. There was not a job he could not do nor a task he could not accomplish. He considered it a secret of his success.

    [1:05:02] Rick Rubin: In the Studio by Jake Brown. (Founders #245)

    [1:08:00] Zemurray was the founder, forever on the attack, at work, in progress, growing by trial and error.

    [1:10:44] Here was a self-made man, filled with the most dangerous kind of confidence: he had done it before and believed he could do it again. This gave him the air of a berserker, who says, If you're going to fight me, you better kill me. If you’ve ever known such a person, you will recognize the type at once. If he does not say much, it's because he considers small talk a weakness. Wars are not won by running your mouth. I'm describing a once essential American type that has largely vanished. Men who channeled all their love and fear into the business, the factory, the plantation, the shop.

    [1:11:44] Founder Mentality vs Big Company Mentality: When this mess of deeds came to light, United Fruit did what big bureaucracy-heavy companies always do: hired lawyers and investigators to search every file for the identity of the true owner. This took months. In the meantime, Zemurray, meeting separately with each claimant, simply bought the land from them both. He bought it twice paid a little more, yes, but if you factor in the cost of all those lawyers, probably still spent less than United Fruit and came away with the prize.

    [1:13:04] His philosophy: Get up first, work harder, get your hands in the dirt and blood in your eyes.

    [1:17:02] For every move there is a counter move. For every disaster there is a recovery. He never lost faith in his own agency.

    [1:17:57] A man focused on the near horizon of costs can sometimes lose sight of the far horizon of potential windfall.

    [1:20:22] You gentlemen have been fucking up this business long enough. I'm going to straighten it out.

    [1:23:03] In a time of crisis the mere evidence of activity can be enough to get things moving.

    [1:23:42] Zemurray was never heard to bitch or justify. He was a member of a generation that lived by the maxim: Never complain, never explain.

    [1:27:08] The Father of Spin: Edward L. Bernays and the Birth of Public Relationsby Larry Tye

    [1:28:14] He should link his private interest to a public cause.

    [1:29:32] In almost every act of our daily lives, whether in the sphere of politics or business, in our social conduct or our ethical thinking, we are dominated by the relatively small number of persons who understand the mental processes and social patterns of the masses, who harness old social forces and contrive new ways to bind and guide the world.

    [1:32:28] Sam's defining characteristic was his belief in his own agency, his refusal to despair. No story is without the possibility of redemption; with cleverness and hustle, the worst can be overcome. I can't help but feel that we would do well by emulating Sam Zemurray–not the brutality or the conquest, but the righteous anger that sent the striver into the boardroom of laughing elites, waving his proxies, shouting, "You gentlemen have been fucking up this business long enough. I'm going to straighten it out.

    “I have listened to every episode released and look forward to every episode that comes out. The only criticism I would have is that after each podcast I usually want to buy the book because I am interested, so my poor wallet suffers. ”

    — Gareth

    Be like Gareth. Buy a book: All the books featured on Founders Podcast

    The Founder of Kinkos — Paul Orfalea

    The Founder of Kinkos — Paul Orfalea

    What I learned from reading Copy This!: How I turned Dyslexia, ADHD, and 100 square feet into a company called Kinkos by Paul Orfalea.

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    Two episodes I recommend: 

    Paul Orfalea - It's About the Money episode 299

    David Senra - Passion & Pain episode 292 

    [5:23] I've never met a more circular, out-of-the-box thinker. It's often exhausting trying to keep up with him.

    [6:21] I graduated from high school eighth from the bottom of my class of 1,200. Frankly, I still have no idea how those seven kids managed to do worse than I did.

    [9:29] I also have no mechanical ability to speak of. There isn't a machine at Kinko's I can operate. I could barely run the first copier we leased back in 1970. It didn't matter. All I knew was that was I could sell what came out of it.

    [11:24] Building an entirely new sort of business from a single Xerox copy machine gave me the life the world seemed determined to deny me when I was younger.

    [14:04] The A students work for the B students, the C students run the companies, and the D students dedicate the buildings.

    [24:02] I learned to turn a lot of busywork over to other people. That's an important skill. If you don't develop it, you'll be so busy, busy, busy that you can't get a free hour, not to mention a free week or month, to sit back and think creatively about where you want to be heading and how you are going to get there.

    [25:07] There's no better way to stay "on" your business than to think creatively and constantly about your marketing: how you are marketing, who you are marketing to, and, always, how you could be doing a better job at it. You'd be amazed what kind of business you can generate by a seemingly simple thing like handing out flyers.

    [27:18] The phone rang. It was one of our store managers calling to ask me how to handle a bounced check. I held the receiver away from my face and looked at it, flabbergasted. If every store manager needed my help to deal with a bounced check, then we really had problems.

    [40:55] I never walked in the back door used by coworkers. I walked in the front door so I could see things from the customer's perspective.

    [49:06] You had to remember he'd been picking up the best ideas from all around the country.

    [55:14] I believe in getting out of as much work as I possibly can.

    [55:45] By now, you’d have to be as bad a reader as I am not to figure out that I have a dark side. You rarely hear people talk about their dark sides, especially business leaders, which is a shame because successful businesses aren't usually started by laid-back personalities. I don't hide the fact that I have a problem with anger.

    [1:04:37] I'll give you an example of a corporate view of money. We used to sell passport photos at Kinko's and we advertised the service in the local Yellow Pages. It would cost us 75 cents to make a passport photo. I calculated that price jumped by $1 to $1.75 when you added in the cost of the Yellow Pages ads. We'd sell those photos for $13 a piece. You think this is a nice business? Shortly after we sold a controlling stake in Kinko's, the new budget people came in and, to make their numbers, they got rid of the Yellow Pages ads. They saw it as an advertising expense and didn't take into account how it affected the rest of our business. I used to go to the office and think, "Are they deliberately trying to be idiots?" These straight-A types drove me nuts. Then, like a self-fulfilling prophecy, we abandoned our passport business. That is corporate dyslexia. There is a lot of corporate dyslexia going on out there.

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    I have listened to every episode released and look forward to every episode that comes out. The only criticism I would have is that after each podcast I usually want to buy the book because I am interested, so my poor wallet suffers.” — Gareth

    Be like Gareth. Buy a book: All the books featured on Founders Podcast

    #267 Thomas Edison

    #267 Thomas Edison

    What I learned from reading Edison: A Biography by Matthew Josephson.

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    Outline:  

    He had known how to gather interest, faith, and hope in the success of his projects.

    I think of this episode as part 5 in a 5 part series that started on episode 263:

    #263 Land's Polaroid: A Company and the Man Who Invented It by Peter C. Wensberg.

    #264 Instant: The Story of Polaroid by Christopher Bonanos. 

    #265 Becoming Steve Jobs: The Evolution of a Reckless Upstart into a Visionary Leader by Brent Schlender and Rick Tetzeli

    #266 My Life and Work by Henry Ford.

    Follow your natural drift. —Charlie Munger

    Warren Buffett: “Bill Gates Sr. posed the question to the table: What factor did people feel was the most important in getting to where they’d gotten in life? And I said, ‘Focus.’ And Bill said the same thing.” —Focus and Finding Your Favorite Problems by Frederik Gieschen

    Focus! A simple thing to say and a nearly impossible thing to do over the long term.

    We have a picture of the boy receiving blow after blow and learning that there was inexplicable cruelty and pain in this world.

    He is working from the time the sun rises till 10 or 11 at night. He is 11 years old.

    He reads the entire library. Every book. All of them.

    At this point in history the telegraph is the leading edge of communication technology in the world.

    My refuge was a Detroit public library. I started with the first book on the bottom shelf and went through the lot one by one. I did not read a few books. I read the library.

    Runnin' Down a Dream: How to Succeed and Thrive in a Career You Love by Bill Gurley

    Blake Robbins Notes on Runnin’ Down a Dream: How to Succeed and Thrive in a Career You Love

    Greatness isn't random. It is earned. If you're going to research something, this is your lucky day. Information is freely available on the internet — that's the good news. The bad news is that you now have zero excuse for not being the most knowledgeable in any subject you want because it's right there at your fingertips.

    Why his work on the telegraph was so important to everything that happened later in his life: The germs of many ideas and stratagems perfected by him in later years were implanted in his mind when he worked at the telegraph. He described this phase of his life afterward, his mind was in a tumult, besieged by all sorts of ideas and schemes. All the future potentialities of electricity obsessed him night and day. It was then that he dared to hope that he would become an inventor.

    Edison’s insane schedule: Though he had worked up to an early hour of the morning at the telegraph office, Edison began reading the Experimental Researches In Electricity (Faraday’s book) when he returned to his room at 4 A.M. and continued throughout the day that followed, so that he went back to his telegraph without having slept. He was filled with determination to learn all he could.

    All the Thomas Edison episodes:

    The Wizard of Menlo Park: How Thomas Alva Edison Invented The Modern World by Randall Stross (Founders #3)

    Empires of Light: Edison, Tesla, Westinghouse, and the Race to Electrify the World by Jill Jonnes. (Founders #83)

    The Vagabonds: The Story of Henry Ford and Thomas Edison's Ten-Year Road Tripby Jeff Guinn. (Founders #190)

    Having one's own shop, working on projects of one’s own choosing, making enough money today so one could do the same tomorrow: These were the modest goals of Thomas Edison when he struck out on his own as full-time inventor and manufacturer. The grand goal was nothing other than enjoying the autonomy of entrepreneur and forestalling a return to the servitude of employee. —The Wizard of Menlo Park: How Thomas Alva Edison Invented The Modern World by Randall Stross

    Dark Genius of Wall Street: The Misunderstood Life of Jay Gould, King of the Robber Barons by Edward J. Renehan Jr. (Founders #258)

    It's this idea where you can identify an opportunity because you have deep knowledge about one industry and you see that there is an industry developing  parallel to the industry that you know about. Jay Gould saw the importance of the telegraph industry in part because telegraph lines were laid next to railraod tracks.

    Edison describes the fights between the robber barons as strange financial warfare.

    You should build a company that you actually enjoy working in.

    Don’t make this mistake:

    John Ott who served under Edison for half a century, at the end of his life described the "sacrifices" some of Edison's old co-workers had made, and he commented on their reasons for so doing.

    "My children grew up without knowing their father," he said. "When I did get home at night, which was seldom, they were in bed."

    "Why did you do it?" he was asked.

    "Because Edison made your work interesting. He made me feel that I was making something with him. I wasn't just a workman. And then in those days, we all hoped to get rich with him.”

    Don’t try to sell a new technology to an exisiting monopoly. Western Union was a telegraphy monopoly: He approached Western union people with the idea of reproducing and recording the human voice, but they saw no conceivable use for it!

    Against The Odds: An Autobiography by James Dyson (Founders #200)

    Passion is infectious. No Better Time: The Brief, Remarkable Life of Danny Lewin, the Genius Who Transformed the Internet by Molly Knight Raskin. (Founders #24)

    For more detail on the War of the Currents listen to episode 83 Empires of Light: Edison, Tesla, Westinghouse, and the Race to Electrify the World by Jill Jonnes.

    From the book Empire of Light: And so it was that J. Pierpont, Morgan, whose house had been the first in New York to be wired for electricity by Edison but a decade earlier, now erased Edison's name out of corporate existence without even the courtesy of a telegram or a phone call to the great inventor.

    Edison biographer Matthew Josephson wrote, "To Morgan it made little difference so long as it all resulted in a big trustification for which he would be the banker."

    Edison had been, in the vocabulary of the times, Morganized.

    One of Thomas Edison’s favorite books: Toilers of The Sea by Victor Hugo

    “The trouble with other inventors is that they try a few things and quit. I never quit until I get what I want.” —Thomas Edison

    “Remember, nothing that's good works by itself. You've gotta make the damn thing work.” —Thomas Edison

    The Fish That Ate the Whale: The Life and Times of America's Banana Kingby Rich Cohen. (Founders #255)

    He (Steve Jobs) was always easy to understand.

    He would either approve a demo, or he would request to see something different next time.

    Whenever Steve reviewed a demo, he would say, often with highly detailed specificity, what he wanted to happen next.

    He was always trying to ensure the products were as intuitive and straightforward as possible, and he was willing to invest his own time, effort, and influence to see that they were.

    Through looking at demos, asking for specific changes, then reviewing the changed work again later on and giving a final approval before we could ship, Steve could make a product turn out like he wanted.

    Creative Selection: Inside Apple's Design Process During the Golden Age of Steve Jobs by Ken Kocienda (Bonus episode between Founders #110 and #111)

    Charles Kettering is the 20th Century’s Ben Franklin. — Professional Amateur: The Biography of Charles Franklin Kettering by Thomas Boyd (Founders #125)

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    I have listened to every episode released and look forward to every episode that comes out. The only criticism I would have is that after each podcast I usually want to buy the book because I am interested so my poor wallet suffers. ” — Gareth

    Be like Gareth. Buy a book: All the books featured on Founders Podcast

    #262 Herbie Cohen (World's Greatest Negotiator)

    #262 Herbie Cohen (World's Greatest Negotiator)

    What I learned from reading The Adventures of Herbie Cohen: World's Greatest Negotiator by Rich Cohen.

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    [1:20] The Fish That Ate the Whale: The Life and Times of America's Banana King by Rich Cohen (Founders #255)

    [2:42] You Can Negotiate Anything: How to Get What You Want by Herb Cohen.

    [3:57] Even our heroes falter.

    [6:01] Once you see your life as a game, and the things you strive for as no more than pieces in that game, you'll become a much more effective player.

    [7:20] He was proving what would become a lifelong principle: Most people are schmucks and will obey any type of authority.

    [7:34] Power is based on perception; if you think you got it, you got it, even if you don't got it.

    [7:54] Nolan Bushnell to a young Steve Jobs: “I taught him that if you act like you can do something, then it will work. I told him, ‘Pretend to be completely in control and people will assume that you are.”  from Steve Jobs: The Exclusive Biography by Walter Isaacson. (Founders #214)

    [10:30] Life is a game and to win you must consider other people as players with as much at stake as yourself. If you understand their motivations, you can control the action and free yourself from every variety of jam. Focus less on yourself and more on others. Everyone has something at stake. If you address that predicament you can move anyone from no to yes.

    [14:01] Those who can live with ambiguity and still function do the best.

    [14:21] Ambiguity is the constant companion of the entrepreneur.

    [15:26] Don't bitch. Don't complain. Just play the cards that you've been dealt.

    [20:12] Most people try to blend in. Herbie went the other way. When they zig, I zag.

    [21:49] It meant Sharon had failed to understand an essential part of an ancient code. If you have a problem with your brother, you deal with it inside the family. Don't rat. Don't turn your brother in to the cops. It was another one of his big lessons. Loyalty. Without that you have nothing.

    [27:03] Man’s Search For Meaning by Viktor Frankl

    [30:11] When it comes to negotiating you'd be better off acting like you know less, not more.

    [32:18] How Brands Grow: What Marketers Don't Know by Byron Sharp

    [35:56] He believed it was good, possibly very good, and it was this belief, which never wavered, that would give him the confidence to persist despite  the rejections that were coming.

    Quoting Harry Truman, he'd say, "I make a decision once."

    And he'd made his decision about the book. In case of rejection, the only thing that would change was his opinion of the publishing house.

    [37:01] It took 18 no's to get to a yes.

    [37:37] Herbie sells his book by hand. This part is incredible.

    [40:36] Back in Bensonhurst we were seeing my father as he'd been before he was our father. As he was still deep down when we weren't looking.

    [43:50] I told him I did not want something to fall back on because people who have something to fall back on usually end up "falling back on it.

    [47:34] You can always understand the son by the story of his father. The story of the father is embedded in the son. —Francis Ford Coppola: A Filmmaker's Life by Michael Schumacher (Founders #242)

    That was the last time I saw him. His brave cheerfulness chokes me every time I recall the scene. It is impossible to imagine my father's emotions as he waved goodbye knowing that he might be on his way to London to die. Sixty years have not softened these memories, nor the sadness that he missed enjoying his three children growing up.

    I felt the devastating loss of my dad, his love, his humor, and the things he taught me. I feared for a future without him.

    Invention: A Life by James Dyson (Founders #205)

    [52:48] Even our heroes falter.

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    I have listened to every episode released and look forward to every episode that comes out. The only criticism I would have is that after each podcast I usually want to buy the book because I am interested so my poor wallet suffers. ”

    — Gareth

    Be like Gareth. Buy a book: All the books featured on Founders Podcast

    #255 Sam Zemurray (Banana King)

    #255 Sam Zemurray (Banana King)

    What I learned from rereading The Fish That Ate the Whale: The Life and Times of America's Banana King by Rich Cohen.

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    [0:47] This story can shock and infuriate us, and it does. But I found it invigorating, too. It told me that the life of the nation was written not only by speech-making grandees in funny hats but also by street-corner boys, immigrant strivers, crazed and driven, some with one good idea, some with thousands, willing to go to the ends of the earth to make their vision real.

    [4:56] Tycoon's War: How Cornelius Vanderbilt Invaded a Country to Overthrow America's Most Famous Military Adventurer by Stephen Dando-Collins (Founders #55)

    [6:00] Unlike Vanderbilt's other adversaries William Walker was not afraid of Cornelius when he should have been.

    [8:21] The immigrants of that era could not afford to be children.

    [8:42] The Adventures of Herbie Cohen: World's Greatest Negotiator by Rich Cohen

    [8:54] He was driven by the same raw energy that has always attracted the most ambitious to America, then pushed them to the head of the crowd. Grasper, climber-nasty ways of describing this kid, who wants what you take for granted. From his first months in America, he was scheming, looking for a way to get ahead. You did not need to be a Rockefeller to know the basics of the dream: Start at the bottom, fight your way to the top.

    [10:01] There is no problem you can't solve if you understand your business from A to Z.

    [13:08]  Sam spotted an opportunity where others saw nothing.

    [14:17] As far as he was concerned, ripes were considered trash only because Boston Fruit and similar firms were too slow-footed to cover ground. It was a calculation based on arrogance. I can be fast where others have been slow. I can hustle where others have been satisfied with the easy pickings of the trade.

    [14:42] The kid on the streets is getting a shot at a dream. He sees the guy who gets rich and thinks, yep, that'll be me. He ignores the other stories going around.  // There's no way to quantify all that on a spreadsheet, but it's that dream of being the exception, the one who gets rich and gets out before he gets got that's the key to a hustler's motivation. Decoded by Jay Z. (Founders #238)

    [22:36] He was pure hustle.

    [24:15] Preston later spoke of Zemurray with admiration. He said the kid from Russia was closer in spirit to the banana pioneers than anyone else working. "He's a risk taker," Preston explained, “he's a thinker, and he's a doer.”

    [26:33] They don't write books about people that stopped there.

    [28:48] Titan: The Life of John D. Rockefeller by Ron Chernow (Founders #248) and John D: The Founding Father of the Rockefellers by David Freeman Hawke. (#254)

    [30:22] He seemed to strive for the sake of striving.

    [30:44] If you're on a mans side you stay on that mans side or you're no better than a goddamn animal.

    [31:11] The world is a mere succession of fortunes made and lost, lessons learned and forgotten and learned again.

    [35:41] A man whose commitment could not be questioned, who fed his own brothers to the jungle.

    [36:00] The Forgotten Highlander: An Incredible WWII Story of Survival in the Pacificby Alistair Urquhart.

    [37:02] Why the Founders of United Fruit were the Rockefellers of bananas.

    [43:23] He kept quiet because talking only drives up the price.

    [44:19] There are times when certain cards sit unclaimed in the common pile, when certain properties become available that will never be available again. A good businessman feels these moments like a fall in the barometric pressure. A great businessman is dumb enough to act on them even when he cannot afford to.

    [49:30] He believed in the transcendent power of physical labor—that a man can free his soul only by exhausting his body.

    [58:04] He disdained bureaucracy and hated paperwork. So seldom did he dictate a letter that he requires no full-time secretary.

    [1:00:01] He was respected because he understood the trade. By the time he was 40 he had served in every position. There was not a job he could not do nor a task he could not accomplish. He considered it a secret of his success.

    [1:01:02] Rick Rubin: In the Studio by Jake Brown. (Founders #245)

    [1:04:00] Zemurray was the founder, forever on the attack, at work, in progress, growing by trial and error.

    [1:06:44] Here was a self-made man, filled with the most dangerous kind of confidence: he had done it before and believed he could do it again. This gave him the air of a berserker, who says, If you're going to fight me, you better kill me. If you’ve ever known such a person, you will recognize the type at once. If he does not say much, it's because he considers small talk a weakness. Wars are not won by running your mouth. I'm describing a once essential American type that has largely vanished. Men who channeled all their love and fear into the business, the factory, the plantation, the shop.

    [1:07:44] Founder Mentality vs Big Company Mentality: When this mess of deeds came to light, United Fruit did what big bureaucracy-heavy companies always do: hired lawyers and investigators to search every file for the identity of the true owner. This took months. In the meantime, Zemurray, meeting separately with each claimant, simply bought the land from them both. He bought it twice paid a little more, yes, but if you factor in the cost of all those lawyers, probably still spent less than United Fruit and came away with the prize.

    [1:09:04] His philosophy: Get up first, work harder, get your hands in the dirt and blood in your eyes.

    [1:13:02] For every move there is a counter move. For every disaster there is a recovery. He never lost faith in his own agency.

    [1:13:57] A man focused on the near horizon of costs can sometimes lose sight of the far horizon of potential windfall.

    [1:16:22] You gentlemen have been fucking up this business long enough. I'm going to straighten it out.

    [1:19:03] In a time of crisis the mere evidence of activity can be enough to get things moving.

    [1:19:42] Zemurray was never heard to bitch or justify. He was a member of a generation that lived by the maxim: Never complain, never explain.

    [1:23:08] The Father of Spin: Edward L. Bernays and the Birth of Public Relations by Larry Tye

    [1:24:14] He should link his private interest to a public cause.

    [1:25:32] In almost every act of our daily lives, whether in the sphere of politics or business, in our social conduct or our ethical thinking, we are dominated by the relatively small number of persons who understand the mental processes and social patterns of the masses, who harness old social forces and contrive new ways to bind and guide the world.

    [1:28:28] Sam's defining characteristic was his belief in his own agency, his refusal to despair. No story is without the possibility of redemption; with cleverness and hustle, the worst can be overcome. I can't help but feel that we would do well by emulating Sam Zemurray–not the brutality or the conquest, but the righteous anger that sent the striver into the boardroom of laughing elites, waving his proxies, shouting, "You gentlemen have been fucking up this business long enough. I'm going to straighten it out.

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    “I have listened to every episode released and look forward to every episode that comes out. The only criticism I would have is that after each podcast I usually want to buy the book because I am interested, so my poor wallet suffers. ”

    — Gareth

    Be like Gareth. Buy a book: All the books featured on Founders Podcast

    #37 The Fish That Ate The Whale: The Life and Times of America's Banana King

    #37 The Fish That Ate The Whale: The Life and Times of America's Banana King

    What I learned from reading The Fish That Ate the Whale: The Life and Times of America's Banana King by Rich Cohen.

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    When he arrived in America in 1891 at age fourteen, Zemurray was tall, gangly, and penniless. When he died in the grandest house in New Orleans sixty-nine years later, he was among the richest, most powerful men in the world. In between he worked as a fruit peddler, a banana hauler, a dockside hustler, and the owner of plantations on the Central American isthmus. He batted and conquered United Fruit, which was one of the first truly global corporations. [0:01]

    Zemurray’s life is a parable of the American dream. It told me that the life of the nation was not written only by speech-making grandees in funny hats but also by street-corner boys, immigrant strivers, crazed and driven, some with one good idea, some with thousands, willing to go to the ends of the earth to make their vision real. [0:31]

    How Sam Zemurray started: He’d arrived on the docks at the start of the last century with nothing. In the early years, he’d had to make his way in the lowest precincts of the fruit business, peddling ripes, bananas other traders dumped into the sea. He worked like a dog and defied the most powerful people in the country. [2:26] 

    He was driven by the same raw energy that has always attracted the most ambitious to America. You did not need to be a Rockefeller to know the basics of the dream: Start at the bottom, fight your way to the top. [3:35] 

    He believed in staying close to the action—in the fields with the workers, in the dives with the banana cowboys. You drink with a man, you learn what he knows. There is no problem you can’t solve if you understand your business from A to Z. [4:33] 

    His real life began when he saw that first banana. He devised a plan soon after: he would travel to where the fruit boats arrived from Central America, purchase a supply of his own, carry them back to Selma, and go into business. [6:24]

    See opportunity where others see nothing: The bananas that did not make the cut were designated “ripes” and heaped in a sad pile. These bananas, though still good to eat, would never make it to market in time. As far as the merchants were concerned, they were trash. Sam grew fixated on ripes, recognizing a product where others had seen only trash. [6:54] 

    As far as he was concerned, ripes were considered trash only because Boston Fruit were too slow-footed to cover ground. It was a calculation based on arrogance. I can be fast where others have been slow. I can hustle where others have been satisfied with the easy pickings of the trade. Zemurray stumbled upon a niche: overlooked at the bottom of the trade. [8:08]

    His business grows rapidly: Because Zemurray discovered a patch of fertile ground previously untilled, his business grew by leaps and bounds. In 1899, he sold 20,000 bananas. Within a decade he would be selling more than a million bananas a year. [9:30]

    An interesting story about Why was Zemurray’s company so profitable so quickly? Hint: No expenses. [13:47]

    Was there a precursor? Of course there was. The world is a mere succession of fortunes made and lost, lessons learned and forgotten and learned again. [17:59] 

    If you looked into his eyes you would see the machinery turning. Part of him is always figuring. You listen to a man like that. He knows something that can’t be taught. [20:19]

    Study those that came before you. Avoid their fate: He paid special attention to the old-timers who had been in the trade since the days of wind power. They were former big timers now just trying to survive. [20:40] 

    Zemurray goes deep into debt to buy as much land as possible: There are times when certain cards sit unclaimed in the common pile, when certain properties become available that will never be available again. A good businessman feels these moments like a fall in the barometric pressure. A great businessman is dumb enough to act on them when he cannot afford to. [23:13] 

    He believed in the transcendent power of physical labor—that a man can free his soul only by exhausting his body. [26:07] 

    Unlike most of his competitors, he understood every part of the business. He was contemptuous of banana men who spent their lives in the North, far from the plantations. Those schmucks, what do they know? They’re there, we’re here! [26:21] 

    These banana companies were so powerful that they overthrew presidents. Multiple times. [27:47] 

    Pretend you are Sam Zemurray. You’ve been summoned to Washington, called to account by the Secretary of State, warned. What do you do? Put your head down, shut up? Sit in a corner? No Sam Zemurray. [29:57] 

    He disdained bureaucracy, hated paperwork. He ran his entire business in his head. He will telephone division managers in half a dozen countries, correlate their reports in his head and reach his decision without touching a pencil. [34:06]

    He was respected because he understood the trade. By the time he was 40 he had served in every position. He had worked on the docks, on the ships and railroads, in the fields and warehouses. He had ridden the mules. He had managed the fruit and money, the mercenaries and government men. He understood the meaning of every change in the weather, the significance of every date on the calendar. There was not a job he could not do, nor a task he could not accomplish. He considered it a secret to his success. He refrained from anything that took him away from his work. [37:46] 

    Manager vs Maker Schedule [39:43] 

    He began to visit boatyards. He wanted to build a fleet so he would never again be dependent on other companies to haul his product. He wanted control. In everything. [40:32] 

    It was a contrast of styles: the executives who ran United Fruit had taken over from the founders and were less interested in risking than in persevering. Zemurray was the founder, forever on the attack, at work, in progress, growing by trial and error, ready to gamble it all. [42:53] 

    Here was a self-made man, filled with the most dangerous kind of confidence: he had done it before and believed he could do it again. This gave him the air of a berserker, who says, if you’re going to fight me, you better kill me. If you’ve ever known such a person, you will recognize the type at once. If he does not say much, it’s because he considers small talk a weakness. Wars are not won by running your mouth. I’m describing a once essential American type that has largely vanished. Men who channeled all their love and fear into the business, the factory, the plantation, the shop. [46:42] 

    Two different approaches to buying land. One entrepreneurial, one the opposite: United Fruit did what big bureaucracy-heavy companies always do, hired lawyers and investigators to find the identity of the true owner. This took months. In the meantime, Zemurray simply bought the land from them both. He bought it twice—paid a little more, yes, but if you factor in the cost of all those lawyers, probably still spent less than United Fruit and came away with the prize. [47:50]

    Why the book is called The Fish That Ate The Whale [49:46] 

    The greatness of Zemurray lies in the fact that he never lost faith in his ability to salvage a situation. Bad things happened to him as bad things happen to everyone, but unlike so many he was never tempted by failure. He never felt powerless or trapped. He was an optimist. He stood in constant defiance. For every move there is a countermove. For every disaster, there is a recovery. He never lost faith in his own agency. [51:45]

    You gentlemen have been fucking up this business long enough. I’m going to straighten it out. [58:07]

    Sam’s defining characteristic was his belief in his own agency, his refusal to despair. No story is without the possibility of redemption; with cleverness and hustle, the worst can be overcome. I can’t help but feel that we would do well by emulating Sam Zemurray. [1:04:05] 

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