2021.09.01 國際新聞導讀-塔利班接收喀布爾機場宣稱勝利但盼與美國保持外交關係、最早大規模接種輝瑞疫苗的以色列8月疫情大爆發、美國國務院重申兩國方案解決以巴衝突
2021.09.01 國際新聞導讀-塔利班接收喀布爾機場宣稱勝利但盼與美國保持外交關係、最早大規模接種輝瑞疫苗的以色列8月疫情大爆發、美國國務院重申兩國方案解決以巴衝突
美國最後一次撤離航班起飛，結束美國長達 20 年的阿富汗戰爭
當最後的軍用運輸機在午夜前啟程時，數百名美國公民被拋在後面；一般希望他們仍然能夠離開塔利班統治的國家
作者：ROBERT BURNS和LOLITA C. BALDOR今天，上午 12:34
在這張通過夜視鏡拍攝的圖像中，8 月 30 日，美國陸軍第 82 空降師第 18 空降軍少將克里斯多納休在阿富汗喀布爾的哈米德卡爾扎伊國際機場登上一架 C-17 貨機， 2021 年，作為最後一名離開阿富汗的美國軍人。（美國中央司令部通過 AP）
華盛頓（美聯社）——美國在周一晚些時候完成了從阿富汗的撤軍，結束了美國最長的戰爭，並結束了軍事歷史上的一個篇章，該篇章可能會因巨大的失敗、未兌現的承諾和最終導致 180 多人喪生的瘋狂退出而被人們銘記。阿富汗人和 13 名美國軍人，其中一些年齡僅比戰爭年齡大。
在美國總統喬·拜登 (Joe Biden) 週二要求關閉最後一次空運、從而結束美國戰爭的最後期限前幾個小時，空軍運輸機從喀布爾機場運送了剩餘的部隊。數以萬計的阿富汗人、美國人和其他尋求逃離再次被塔利班武裝分子統治的國家的阿富汗人、美國人和其他人匆匆而冒險地空運了數万名士兵，這令人痛心地花了兩週時間。
在宣布完成撤離和戰爭努力。美國中央司令部司令弗蘭克·麥肯齊將軍說，最後一批飛機於華盛頓時間下午 3 點 29 分或喀布爾午夜前一分鐘從喀布爾機場起飛。他說，許多美國公民，可能是“非常少的數百人”，被甩在了後面，他相信他們仍然能夠離開這個國家。
該機場已成為美國控制的島嶼，這是一場奪去了 2,400 多名美國人生命的 20 年戰爭的最後一站。
撤離的結束時間以非凡的戲劇性為標誌。美國軍隊面臨著將最後撤離人員送上飛機的艱鉅任務，同時還要讓他們自己和他們的一些裝備撤離，即使他們監視著伊斯蘭國家組織阿富汗分支機構的反复威脅——以及至少兩次實際襲擊。8 月 26 日發生的自殺式爆炸造成 13 名美國軍人和約 169 名阿富汗人死亡。
最後的撤軍履行了拜登的承諾，即結束他所謂的“永遠的戰爭”，這場戰爭是對 2001 年 9 月 11 日襲擊事件的回應，這場襲擊在紐約、華盛頓和賓夕法尼亞州農村造成近 3,000 人死亡。他於 4 月宣布的決定反映了全國對阿富汗衝突的厭倦。現在他面臨國內外的譴責，與其說是結束戰爭，不如說是他處理了在混亂中展開的最後撤離，並引發了對美國信譽的懷疑。
在國防部提供的這張圖片中，82 空降師第 82 戰鬥航空旅的 CH-47 Chinook 被裝載到美國空軍的 C-17 Globemaster III 上，在阿富汗喀布爾的哈米德卡爾扎伊國際機場，星期六，8 月, 28, 2021. (國防部通過 AP)
有時，美國的戰爭努力似乎沒有結束，勝利的希望渺茫，國會對數百億美元花費了二十年的方式幾乎沒有關心。人力成本堆積如山——數以萬計的美國人除了死者之外還受傷，無數的人遭受著他們所忍受的或尚未意識到他們將忍受的心理創傷。
根據布朗大學的戰爭成本項目，來自聯軍國家的 1,100 多名士兵和 100,000 多名阿富汗軍隊和平民喪生。
廣告
2021 年 8 月 30 日晚，在喀布爾機場的停機坪上可以看到飛機，比美國完成從阿富汗瘋狂撤軍的最後期限提前了幾個小時。(法新社)
在拜登看來，戰爭本可以在 10 年前隨著美國殺死奧薩馬·本·拉登而結束，他的基地組織極端主義網絡在阿富汗避難所策劃並執行了 9/11 陰謀。基地組織已被大大削弱，迄今已阻止其再次襲擊美國。
多年來對戰爭的興趣減弱的國會委員會預計將就美國撤軍最後幾個月的問題舉行公開聽證會。例如，為什麼政府沒有更早開始疏散美國公民以及幫助美國戰爭努力並感到容易受到塔利班報復的阿富汗人？目前尚不清楚是否有任何想要離開的美國公民被拋在後面，但數以千計的處於危險之中的阿富汗人被拋在了後面。
它不應該以這種方式結束。在宣布打算撤出所有作戰部隊後，政府的計劃是讓美國駐喀布爾大使館保持開放，並由大約 650 名美軍保護，其中包括一個與夥伴國一起保護機場的特遣隊。華盛頓計劃再給現已解散的阿富汗政府數十億美元來支持其軍隊。
拜登現在面臨著對他阻止基地組織在阿富汗重生的計劃以及壓制其他極端主義組織（例如伊斯蘭國家組織的阿富汗分支機構）構成的威脅的懷疑。塔利班是伊斯蘭國集團的敵人，但仍與削弱的基地組織有聯繫。
美國的最終退出包括其外交官的撤出，儘管國務院已經保留了與塔利班恢復某種程度外交的可能性，這取決於他們在建立政府和遵守國際保護人權訴求方面的表現.
2021 年 8 月 23 日星期一，從阿富汗喀布爾撤離的家庭在抵達位於弗吉尼亞州尚蒂伊的華盛頓杜勒斯國際機場後，步行穿過航站樓，然後登上巴士。（美聯社照片 / Jose Luis Magana）
塔利班 8 月 15 日攻占喀布爾的速度之快讓拜登政府大吃一驚。它迫使美國清空其大使館，並瘋狂地加速疏散工作，其特點是一次非凡的空運，主要由美國空軍執行，美國地面部隊保護機場。空運開始時非常混亂，許多阿富汗人在機場死亡，其中至少有一個人試圖抓住一架 C-17 運輸機的機身，因為它在跑道上加速。
廣告
到撤離結束時，已經有超過 100,000 人（主要是阿富汗人）被安全送往安全地帶。8 月 26 日，一名伊斯蘭國自殺式炸彈襲擊者在機場門口引爆了自己，造成至少 169 名阿富汗人和 13 名阿富汗人死亡，因此在被新獲勝的塔利班包圍並面臨伊斯蘭國襲擊的情況下執行此類任務的危險成為悲慘的焦點。美國人。
2021 年 8 月 27 日，一名塔利班戰士在喀布爾機場的 8 月 26 日雙胞胎自殺炸彈現場守衛，該炸彈炸死了包括 13 名美軍在內的數十人。（攝影：WAKIL KOHSAR/法新社）
在那次襲擊發生後不久，拜登堅持認為結束戰爭是正確的舉動。他說，美國已經是時候關注來自世界其他地方的威脅了。
“女士們，先生們，”他說，“是時候結束一場長達 20 年的戰爭了。”
戰爭的開始是對喬治·W·布什總統在被劫持的客機撞上世貿中心雙子塔三天后站在紐約市瓦礫上時作出的承諾的回應。
“那些把這些建築物推倒的人很快就會聽到我們所有人的聲音！” 他通過擴音器宣布。
在這張 2001 年 9 月 11 日的檔案照片中，在被劫持的飛機撞向紐約市的世貿中心雙塔後，燃燒的世貿中心雙塔冒出濃煙。（美聯社照片/理查德德魯，檔案）
不到一個月後，即 10 月 7 日，布什發動了戰爭。塔利班的軍隊不堪重負，喀布爾在幾週內就陷落了。由哈米德卡爾扎伊領導的美國政府接管了本拉登和他的基地組織同夥越過邊境逃到巴基斯坦。美國建立一個穩定的阿富汗的努力最終是徒勞的，該阿富汗可以與美國合作以防止再次發生 9/11。
最初的計劃是消滅本·拉登的基地組織，該組織利用阿富汗作為攻擊美國的集結基地。更大的野心是打一場“全球反恐戰爭”，相信軍事力量可以以某種方式擊敗伊斯蘭極端主義。阿富汗只是那場戰鬥的第一輪。布什選擇讓伊拉克成為下一個，在 2003 年入侵並陷入更加致命的衝突，使阿富汗成為次要優先事項，直到巴拉克奧巴馬於 2009 年上任白宮，並於當年晚些時候決定在阿富汗升級。
奧巴馬將美軍人數推至 100,000 人，但戰爭拖延，而塔利班則將巴基斯坦用作避難所。
在 2017 年 8 月 2 日星期三的檔案照片中，一架美國軍用直升機飛越阿富汗喀布爾南部坎大哈的一個自殺式炸彈襲擊地點。（美聯社照片）
當唐納德特朗普於 2017 年進入白宮時，他想從阿富汗撤軍，但被說服不僅留下，而且增加數千名美軍，併升級對塔利班的襲擊。兩年後，他的政府正在尋求與塔利班達成協議，2020 年 2 月，雙方簽署了一項協議，要求美國在 2021 年 5 月之前完全撤軍。作為交換，塔利班做出了多項承諾，包括承諾不攻擊美軍。
廣告
拜登權衡了他的國家安全團隊成員的建議，他們主張在他 1 月上任時保留在阿富汗的 2,500 名士兵。但在 4 月中旬，他宣布決定完全退出，並最初將 9 月定為退出的最後期限。
塔利班隨後發動了一場攻勢，到 8 月初推翻了包括省會在內的主要城市。阿富汗軍隊基本崩潰，有時投降而不是採取最後立場，在總統阿什拉夫加尼逃離首都後不久，塔利班於 8 月 15 日進入喀布爾並獲得控制權。
2021 年 8 月 19 日，塔利班戰士在阿富汗喀布爾拍照。（美聯社照片/Rahmat Gul）
他們國家的一些地區在美國戰爭年代實現了現代化，但阿富汗仍然是一個悲劇，貧窮，不穩定，許多人擔心這個國家 - 特別是婦女和女孩 - 在塔利班從 1996 年到 2001 年統治期間遭受的暴行回歸.
美國的失敗數不勝數。儘管美國在訓練和裝備軍隊方面花費了 830 億美元，但它退化了，但從未擊敗過塔利班，最終未能建立一支可以抵擋叛亂分子的阿富汗軍隊。未兌現的承諾包括：與對美國友好的阿富汗政府建立持久夥伴關係，以確保該國不會再次成為一心攻擊美國的極端分子的溫床。
Final US evacuation flights leave, ending America’s 20-year Afghanistan war
A few hundred US citizens are left behind as final military transports depart just before midnight; General hopes they will still be able to leave Taliban-ruled country
By ROBERT BURNS and LOLITA C. BALDORToday, 12:34 am
In this image made through a night vision scope, Maj. Gen. Chris Donahue, commander of the US Army 82nd Airborne Division, XVIII Airborne Corps, boards a C-17 cargo plane at Hamid Karzai International Airport in Kabul, Afghanistan, August 30, 2021, as the final American service member to depart Afghanistan. (US Central Command via AP)
WASHINGTON (AP) — The United States completed its withdrawal from Afghanistan late Monday, ending America’s longest war and closing a chapter in military history likely to be remembered for colossal failures, unfulfilled promises and a frantic final exit that cost the lives of more than 180 Afghans and 13 US service members, some barely older than the war.
Hours ahead of US President Joe Biden’s Tuesday deadline for shutting down a final airlift, and thus ending the US war, Air Force transport planes carried a remaining contingent of troops from Kabul airport. Thousands of troops had spent a harrowing two weeks protecting a hurried and risky airlift of tens of thousands of Afghans, Americans and others seeking to escape a country once again ruled by Taliban militants.
In announcing the completion of the evacuation and war effort. Gen. Frank McKenzie, head of U.S. Central Command, said the last planes took off from Kabul airport at 3:29 p.m. Washington time, or one minute before midnight in Kabul. He said a number of American citizens, likely numbering in “the very low hundreds,” were left behind, and that he believes they will still be able to leave the country.
The airport had become a US-controlled island, a last stand in a 20-year war that claimed more than 2,400 American lives.
The closing hours of the evacuation were marked by extraordinary drama. American troops faced the daunting task of getting final evacuees onto planes while also getting themselves and some of their equipment out, even as they monitored repeated threats — and at least two actual attacks — by the Islamic State group’s Afghanistan affiliate. A suicide bombing on Aug. 26 killed 13 American service members and some 169 Afghans.
The final pullout fulfilled Biden’s pledge to end what he called a “forever war” that began in response to the attacks of Sept. 11, 2001, that killed nearly 3,000 people in New York, Washington and rural Pennsylvania. His decision, announced in April, reflected a national weariness of the Afghanistan conflict. Now he faces condemnation at home and abroad, not so much for ending the war as for his handling of a final evacuation that unfolded in chaos and raised doubts about US credibility.
In this image provided by the Department of Defense, a CH-47 Chinook from the 82nd Combat Aviation Brigade, 82nd Airborne Division is loaded onto a U.S. Air Force C-17 Globemaster III at Hamid Karzai International Airport in Kabul, Afghanistan, Saturday, Aug, 28, 2021. (Department of Defense via AP)
The US war effort at times seemed to grind on with no endgame in mind, little hope for victory and minimal care by Congress for the way tens of billions of dollars were spent for two decades. The human cost piled up — tens of thousands of Americans injured in addition to the dead, and untold numbers suffering psychological wounds they live with or have not yet recognized they will live with.
More than 1,100 troops from coalition countries and more than 100,000 Afghan forces and civilians died, according to Brown University’s Costs of War project.
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Planes are seen on the tarmac at the airport in Kabul late on August 30, 2021, hours ahead of a US deadline to complete its frenzied withdrawal from Afghanistan. (AFP)
In Biden’s view the war could have ended 10 years ago with the US killing of Osama bin Laden, whose al-Qaida extremist network planned and executed the 9/11 plot from an Afghanistan sanctuary. Al-Qaida has been vastly diminished, preventing it thus far from again attacking the United States.
Congressional committees, whose interest in the war waned over the years, are expected to hold public hearings on what went wrong in the final months of the US withdrawal. Why, for example, did the administration not begin earlier the evacuation of American citizens as well as Afghans who had helped the US war effort and felt vulnerable to retribution by the Taliban? It wasn’t clear whether any American citizens who wanted to get out were left behind, but untold thousands of at-risk Afghans were.
It was not supposed to end this way. The administration’s plan, after declaring its intention to withdraw all combat troops, was to keep the US Embassy in Kabul open, protected by a force of about 650 US troops, including a contingent that would secure the airport along with partner countries. Washington planned to give the now-defunct Afghan government billions more to prop up its army.
Biden now faces doubts about his plan to prevent al-Qaida from regenerating in Afghanistan and of suppressing threats posed by other extremist groups such as the Islamic State group’s Afghanistan affiliate. The Taliban are enemies of the Islamic State group but retain links to a diminished al-Qaida.
The final US exit included the withdrawal of its diplomats, although the State Department has left open the possibility of resuming some level of diplomacy with the Taliban depending on how they conduct themselves in establishing a government and adhering to international pleas for the protection of human rights.
Families evacuated from Kabul, Afghanistan, walk through the terminal before boarding a bus after they arrived at Washington Dulles International Airport, in Chantilly, Va., on Monday, Aug. 23, 2021. (AP Photo/Jose Luis Magana)
The speed with which the Taliban captured Kabul on Aug. 15 caught the Biden administration by surprise. It forced the US to empty its embassy and frantically accelerate an evacuation effort that featured an extraordinary airlift executed mainly by the US Air Force, with American ground forces protecting the airfield. The airlift began in such chaos that a number of Afghans died on the airfield, including at least one who attempted to cling to the airframe of a C-17 transport plane as it sped down the runway.
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By the evacuation’s conclusion, well over 100,000 people, mostly Afghans, had been flown to safety. The dangers of carrying out such a mission while surrounded by the newly victorious Taliban and faced with attacks by the Islamic State came into tragic focus on Aug. 26 when an IS suicide bomber detonated himself at an airport gate, killing at least 169 Afghans and 13 Americans.
A Taliban fighter stands guard at the site of the August 26 twin suicide bombs, which killed scores of people including 13 US troops, at Kabul airport on August 27, 2021. (Photo by WAKIL KOHSAR / AFP)
Speaking shortly after that attack, Biden stuck to his view that ending the war was the right move. He said it was past time for the United States to focus on threats emanating from elsewhere in the world.
“Ladies and gentlemen,” he said, “It was time to end a 20-year war.”
The war’s start was an echo of a promise President George W. Bush made while standing atop of the rubble in New York City three days after hijacked airliners slammed into the twin towers of the World Trade Center.
“The people who knocked these buildings down will hear all of us soon!” he declared through a bullhorn.
In this Sept. 11, 2001 file photo smoke rises from the burning twin towers of the World Trade Center after hijacked planes crashed into the towers, in New York City.(AP Photo/Richard Drew, File)
Less than a month later, on Oct. 7, Bush launched the war. The Taliban’s forces were overwhelmed and Kabul fell in a matter of weeks. A US-installed government led by Hamid Karzai took over and bin Laden and his al-Qaida cohort escaped across the border into Pakistan. The stage was set for an ultimately futile US effort to build a stable Afghanistan that could partner with the United States to prevent another 9/11.
The initial plan was to extinguish bin Laden’s al-Qaida, which had used Afghanistan as a staging base for its attack on the United States. The grander ambition was to fight a “Global War on Terrorism” based on the belief that military force could somehow defeat Islamic extremism. Afghanistan was but the first round of that fight. Bush chose to make Iraq the next, invading in 2003 and getting mired in an even deadlier conflict that made Afghanistan a secondary priority until Barack Obama assumed the White House in 2009 and later that year decided to escalate in Afghanistan.
Obama pushed US troop levels to 100,000, but the war dragged on while the Taliban used Pakistan as a sanctuary.
In this Wednesday, Aug. 2, 2017 file photo, A US military helicopter flies over the site of a suicide bomb that struck a NATO convoy in Kandahar south of Kabul, Afghanistan. (AP Photo)
When Donald Trump entered the White House in 2017 he wanted to withdraw from Afghanistan but was persuaded not only to stay but to add several thousand US troops and escalate attacks on the Taliban. Two years later his administration was looking for a deal with the Taliban, and in February 2020 the two sides signed an agreement that called for a complete US withdrawal by May 2021. In exchange, the Taliban made a number of promises including a pledge not to attack US troops.
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Biden weighed advice from members of his national security team who argued for retaining the 2,500 troops who were in Afghanistan by the time he took office in January. But in mid-April he announced his decision to fully withdraw and initially set September as a deadline for getting out.
The Taliban then pushed an offensive that by early August toppled key cities, including provincial capitals. The Afghan army largely collapsed, sometimes surrendering rather than taking a final stand, and shortly after President Ashraf Ghani fled the capital, the Taliban rolled into Kabul and assumed control on Aug. 15.
Taliban fighters pose for a photograph in Kabul, Afghanistan, August 19, 2021. (AP Photo/Rahmat Gul)
Some parts of their country modernized during the US war years, but Afghanistan remains a tragedy, poor, unstable and with many of its people fearing a return to the brutality the country — especially women and girls — endured when the Taliban ruled from 1996 to 2001.
The US failures were numerous. It degraded but never defeated the Taliban and ultimately failed to build an Afghan army that could hold off the insurgents, despite $83 billion in U.S. spending to train and equip the army. Among the unfulfilled promises: an enduring partnership with a US-friendly Afghan government that could ensure the country would not again become a breeding ground for extremists bent on attacking the United States.
20年戰爭可能結束，但拜登的阿富汗挑戰依然存在
美國總統將需要處理留下的大約 200 名美國人和數千名阿富汗人、數万難民的重新安置以及內部審查
作者：AAMER MADHANI和ZEKE MILLER今天，上午 11:31
美國總統喬·拜登於 2021 年 8 月 30 日在華盛頓白宮校園南法院禮堂與 FEMA 管理員迪安·克里斯威爾以及受颶風艾達影響地區的州長和市長舉行的虛擬會議上聽取了意見。（美聯社照片/埃文武奇）
華盛頓（美聯社）——隨著最後一批美國貨機飛越興都庫什山脈的山峰，美國總統喬·拜登兌現了一項競選承諾，結束美國最長的戰爭，這場戰爭是它無法獲勝的。
但是，隨著戰爭以混亂、血腥的疏散結束，數百名美國公民和數千名幫助美國戰爭的阿富汗人陷入困境，總統明顯遠離了視線。他把它留給一位高級軍事指揮官和他的國務卿，告訴美國人一場以美國慘敗告終的衝突的最後時刻。
拜登則發表了一份書面聲明，讚揚監督空運超過 12 萬阿富汗人、美國公民和盟友的美軍“無與倫比的勇氣、專業精神和決心”。他說他週二會有更多話要說。
“現在，我們在阿富汗的 20 年軍事存在已經結束，”拜登在聲明中說。
冷淡的反應源於一個嚴峻的現實：戰爭可能已經結束，但拜登的阿富汗問題尚未結束。
總統仍然面臨著戰爭倉促結束所帶來的艱鉅挑戰，包括如何幫助撤離多達 200 名美國人和數千名留下的阿富汗人、重新安置能夠逃離的數万名難民以及即將到來的國會審查儘管發出了越來越多的警告，但阿富汗政府的迅速垮台讓政府措手不及。
在美國海軍陸戰隊提供的這張圖片中，第 82 空降師的士兵在 2021 年 8 月 25 日在阿富汗喀布爾的哈米德卡爾扎伊國際機場疏散期間協助疏散人員。（Staff Sgt. Victor Mancilla/US Marine Corps via AP）
通過退出，拜登表明他願意忍受他的顧問希望的短期痛苦，因為他抵制了兩黨和國際壓力，要求延長他在 8 月 31 日結束美國軍事撤離努力的最後期限。十多年來，拜登一直相信衝突是徒勞的，並堅持認為塔利班對阿富汗軍隊的破壞是延遲的，如果不受歡迎的話，證明是正確的。
翻開阿富汗的一頁對拜登來說是一個重要的外交政策目標，他一再提出將美國的注意力轉向對手中國和俄羅斯構成的日益嚴峻的挑戰，並將美國的反恐重點轉移到威脅更大的地區。
但在結束戰爭和重新設定美國優先事項的努力中，拜登可能也削弱了他 2020 年白宮競選的一個核心前提：承諾在四年的外交政策後迎來一個與美國外交政策中的盟友更加同情和合作的時代。特朗普的“美國優先”方針。
塔利班發言人 Zabihullah Mujahid（C）於 2021 年 8 月 31 日在喀布爾機場向媒體發表講話，此前美國已將所有部隊撤出該國以結束一場長達 20 年的殘酷戰爭——這場戰爭以強硬的伊斯蘭主義者掌權。(Wakil KOHSAR / 法新社)
達特茅斯學院 (Dartmouth College) 政府學副教授傑森·萊爾 (Jason Lyall) 表示：“對於一個以善解人意的領導者而聞名的人來說，他在追求這一目標的過程中顯得……非常理性，甚至冷酷無情”以結束戰爭。
盟友——包括來自英國、法國和德國的立法者——對拜登堅持遵守 8 月 31 日的最後期限感到惱火，因為他們努力疏散本國公民和阿富汗盟友。接替安格拉·默克爾 (Angela Merkel) 擔任德國總理的領先保守派候選人阿明·拉舍特 (Armin Laschet) 稱這是“北約自成立以來遭受的最大失敗”。
在國內，共和黨立法者呼籲對拜登政府對疏散的處理方式進行調查，甚至民主黨人也支持調查在決定性的佔領最後幾個月發生了什麼問題。
2021 年 8 月 27 日，在喀布爾機場，8 月 26 日發生的雙胞胎自殺炸彈炸死了包括 13 名美軍在內的數十人。 )
與此同時，在撤離的最後幾天發生的大規模自殺性爆炸導致 13 名美軍和 180 多名阿富汗人喪生，這引發了人們對阿富汗再次成為恐怖分子滋生地的新擔憂。
拜登指責他的前任唐納德特朗普束縛了他的手。他一再提醒人們，他繼承了共和黨政府與塔利班達成的今年5月前撤軍的協議。拜登認為，如果違背協議，美國軍隊將再次成為塔利班的目標——在周四之前，美軍自 2020 年 2 月以來就沒有在戰爭中喪生。
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總統的顧問還抱怨說，由阿什拉夫·加尼 (Ashraf Ghani) 領導的現已被罷免的阿富汗政府拒絕與塔利班達成政治妥協，並因過分分散基本上無能的阿富汗安全部隊而犯了戰略錯誤。
共和黨人——甚至是一些民主黨盟友——對政府處理疏散的方式提出了嚴厲的批評，共和黨正尋求將這個問題武器化以對抗拜登。
眾議院少數黨領袖凱文麥卡錫週一表示，拜登設定的退出日期是為拍照而設計的政治日期。麥卡錫的批評沒有提到是特朗普的白宮促成了結束戰爭的協議。
麥卡錫說：“有一段時間，如果這位總統聽從他的軍隊的話，巴格拉姆內仍然會有恐怖分子囚犯，我們會把每個美國人都趕出去，軍隊不會在美國人之前離開。” “他在本屆政府中迄今為止面臨的每一次危機都失敗了。”
對拜登處理阿富汗問題的批評是否會引起選民的共鳴還有待觀察。美聯社-NORC 在 8 月初進行的一項民意調查發現，大約十分之六的美國人表示那裡的戰爭不值得打。
美國廣播公司新聞/益普索於 8 月 27 日至 28 日進行的一項民意調查發現，十分之六的美國人不贊成拜登對阿富汗局勢的處理。該民意調查還發現，大多數人表示美國應該留在阿富汗，直到所有幫助美國的美國人和阿富汗人撤離為止。民意調查沒有詢問人們是否更普遍地同意退出。
2021 年 8 月 27 日，塔利班武裝分子在喀布爾的一條街道上巡邏。（Aamir Qureshi/AFP）
在支持 2001 年美國入侵之後，拜登對美國的國家建設努力持懷疑態度，並對阿富汗政府發展維持自身能力的能力深表懷疑。
他在擔任副總統期間反對 2009 年“增兵”到阿富汗的美軍，這使他在與國防機構和奧巴馬政府內部的衝突中處於失敗的一方。拜登最近幾週告訴助手們，他認為十多年前他反對擴大美國參與的建議是他在公共生活中最自豪的時刻之一。
但是他說話絕對的傾向並沒有幫助他的事業。
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7 月，拜登反駁了塔利班接管該國將不可避免的擔憂。幾週後，該組織推翻了阿富汗政府。
總統還表示相信美國人不會看到讓人想起 1975 年那場戰爭結束時美國從越南撤離的圖像，當時直升機從美國駐西貢大使館屋頂疏散人員的照片成為美國失敗的引人注目的象徵。
事實上，他們看到了絕望的阿富汗人湧入喀布爾機場的畫面——至少有一個人死在一架即將起飛的美國飛機上。
2021 年 8 月 24 日，分配給第 816 遠征空運中隊的美國空軍裝載主管和飛行員將從阿富汗撤離的人員裝載到美國空軍 C-17 Globemaster III 飛機上。 .艾倫/美國空軍通過美聯社）
拜登在 8 月 18 日的一次採訪中告訴美國廣播公司新聞的喬治斯蒂芬諾普洛斯，美國在阿富汗的軍事目標是讓“所有人”離開，包括美國人和阿富汗盟友及其家人。他保證美國軍隊會留下來，直到他們完成這項任務。
但美國國務卿安東尼·布林肯週一表示，“有一小部分美國人，不到 200 人，可能接近 100 人，他們留在阿富汗並仍想離開。”
迅速的軍事撤離現在讓步於更加陰暗的外交行動，以迫使塔利班允許美國人及其盟友通過其他方式和平離開。
拜登認為他對塔利班有一定的影響力，前美國敵人變成了務實的伙伴，因為阿富汗面臨經濟危機，大多數外援被凍結。但美國指揮官表示，在未來幾周和幾個月內，阿富汗局勢可能會變得更加混亂。
The 20-year war may be over, but Biden’s Afghanistan challenges remain
US president will need to deal with the some 200 Americans and thousands of Afghans left behind, the resettlement of tens of thousands of refugees, and internal scrutiny
By AAMER MADHANI and ZEKE MILLERToday, 11:31 am
US President Joe Biden listens during a virtual meeting with FEMA Administrator Deanne Criswell and governors and mayors of areas impacted by Hurricane Ida, in the South Court Auditorium on the White House campus, August 30, 2021, in Washington. (AP Photo/Evan Vucci)
WASHINGTON (AP) — With the final stream of US cargo planes soaring over the peaks of the Hindu Kush, US President Joe Biden fulfilled a campaign promise to end America’s longest war, one it could not win.
But as the war ended with a chaotic, bloody evacuation that left stranded hundreds of US citizens and thousands of Afghans who had aided the American war effort, the president kept notably out of sight. He left it to a senior military commander and his secretary of state to tell Americans about the final moments of a conflict that ended in resounding American defeat.
Biden, for his part, issued a written statement praising US troops who oversaw the airlift of more than 120,000 Afghans, US citizens and allies for their “unmatched courage, professionalism, and resolve.” He said he would have more to say on Tuesday.
“Now, our 20-year military presence in Afghanistan has ended,” Biden said in his statement.
The muted reaction was informed by a tough reality: The war may be over, but Biden’s Afghanistan problem is not.
The president still faces daunting challenges born of the hasty end of the war, including how to help extract as many as 200 Americans and thousands of Afghans left behind, the resettlement of tens of thousands of refugees who were able to flee, and coming congressional scrutiny over how, despite increasingly fraught warnings, the administration was caught flat-footed by the rapid collapse of the Afghan government.
In this image provided by the US Marine Corps, soldiers with the 82nd Airborne Division assist evacuees during an evacuation at Hamid Karzai International Airport, Kabul, Afghanistan, August 25, 2021. (Staff Sgt. Victor Mancilla/U.S. Marine Corps via AP)
Through the withdrawal, Biden showed himself willing to endure what his advisers hope will be short-term pain for resisting bipartisan and international pressure to extend his August 31 deadline for ending the American military evacuation effort. For more than a decade, Biden has believed in the futility of the conflict and maintained that the routing of Afghanistan’s military by the Taliban was a delayed, if unwelcome, vindication.
Turning the page on Afghanistan is a crucial foreign policy objective for Biden, who repeatedly has made the case for redirecting American attention toward growing challenges posed by adversaries China and Russia — and for shifting America’s counterterrorism focus to areas with more potent threats.
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But in his effort to end the war and reset US priorities, Biden may have also undercut a central premise of his 2020 White House campaign: a promise to usher in an era of greater empathy and collaboration with allies in America’s foreign policy after four years of Trump’s “America first” approach.
Taliban spokesman Zabihullah Mujahid (C) speaks to the media at the airport in Kabul on August 31, 2021, after the US has pulled all its troops out of the country to end a brutal 20-year war — one that started and ended with the hardline Islamist in power. (Wakil KOHSAR / AFP)
“For someone who made his name as an empathetic leader, he’s appeared… as quite rational, even cold-hearted, in his pursuit of this goal” to end the war, said Jason Lyall, an associate professor of government at Dartmouth College.
Allies — including lawmakers from Britain, France, and Germany — chafed at Biden’s insistence on holding fast to the August 31 deadline as they struggled to evacuate their citizens and Afghan allies. Armin Laschet, the leading conservative candidate to succeed Angela Merkel as Germany’s chancellor, called it the “biggest debacle that NATO has suffered since its founding.”
At home, Republican lawmakers have called for an investigation into the Biden administration’s handling of the evacuation, and even Democrats have backed inquiries into what went wrong in the fateful last months of the occupation.
Clothes and blood stains of Afghan people who were waiting to be evacuated are seen at the site of the August 26 twin suicide bombs, which killed scores of people including 13 US troops, at Kabul airport on August 27, 2021. (WAKIL KOHSAR / AFP)
And at the same time, the massive suicide bombing in the final days of the evacuation that killed 13 US troops and more than 180 Afghans is raising fresh concern about Afghanistan again becoming a breeding ground for terrorists.
Biden blamed his predecessor, Donald Trump, for tying his hands. He repeatedly reminded people that he had inherited an agreement the Republican administration made with the Taliban to withdraw US forces by May of this year. Reneging on the deal, Biden argued, would have put US troops — who before Thursday had gone since February 2020 without a combat fatality in the war — in the Taliban’s crosshairs once again.
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The president’s advisers also complained that the now-ousted Afghan government led by Ashraf Ghani was resistant to finding a political compromise with the Taliban and made strategic blunders by spreading largely feckless Afghan security forces too thinly.
Republicans — and even a few Democratic allies — have offered withering criticism of the administration’s handling of the evacuation, an issue that the GOP is looking to weaponize against Biden.
House Minority Leader Kevin McCarthy said Monday the withdrawal date set by Biden was a political one designed for a photo op. Absent from McCarthy’s criticism was any mention that it was Trump’s White House that had brokered the deal to end the war.
“There was a moment in time that had this president listened to his military, there would still be terrorist prisoners inside Bagram, we would be getting every single American out, the military would not have left before the Americans,” McCarthy said. “Every crisis he has faced so far in this administration he has failed.”
It remains to be seen if criticism of Biden’s handling of Afghanistan will resonate with voters. An Associated Press-NORC poll conducted earlier in August found that about 6 in 10 Americans said the war there was not worth fighting.
An ABC News/Ipsos poll conducted August 27-28 found about 6 in 10 Americans disapproving of Biden’s handling of the situation in Afghanistan. That poll also found most said the US should remain in Afghanistan until all Americans and Afghans who aided the US had been evacuated. The poll did not ask whether people approved of withdrawal more generally.
Taliban fighters patrol a street in Kabul on August 27, 2021. (Aamir Qureshi/AFP)
After backing the 2001 US invasion, Biden became a skeptic of US nation-building efforts and harbored deep doubts about the Afghan government’s ability to develop the capacity to sustain itself.
His opposition to the 2009 “surge” of US troops deployed to Afghanistan when he was vice president put him on the losing side of conflicts with the defense establishment and within the Obama administration. Biden, in recent weeks, told aides that he viewed his counsel against expanding the American involvement more than a decade ago to be one of his proudest moments in public life.
But his tendency to speak in absolutes didn’t help his cause.
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In July, Biden pushed back at concerns that a Taliban takeover of the country would be inevitable. Weeks later, the group toppled the Afghan government.
The president also expressed confidence that Americans would not see images reminiscent of the US evacuation from Vietnam at the end of that war in 1975, when photos of helicopters evacuating people from the roof of the US Embassy in Saigon became gripping symbols of US failure.
In fact, they saw images of desperate Afghans swarming the Kabul airport — at least one falling to his death after clinging to a departing US aircraft.
US Air Force loadmasters and pilots assigned to the 816th Expeditionary Airlift Squadron load people being evacuated from Afghanistan onto a US Air Force C-17 Globemaster III at Hamid Karzai International Airport in Kabul, Afghanistan, August 24, 2021. (Master Sgt. Donald R. Allen/US Air Force via AP)
Biden told ABC News’ George Stephanopoulos during an August 18 interview that the US military objective in Afghanistan was to get “everyone” out, including Americans and Afghan allies and their families. He pledged American forces would stay until they accomplished that mission.
But US Secretary of State Antony Blinken said Monday that there was “a small number of Americans, under 200, likely closer to 100, who remain in Afghanistan and still want to leave.”
The swift military evacuation now yields to a murkier diplomatic operation to press the Taliban to allow Americans and their allies to depart peacefully by other means.
Biden believes he has some leverage over the Taliban, former US enemies turned into pragmatic partners, as Afghanistan faces an economic crisis with the freezing of most foreign aid. But US commanders say the situation in Afghanistan could become even more chaotic in the coming weeks and months.
塔利班陶醉於美國的“失敗”，稱撤軍是“其他入侵者的重要教訓”
現在控制著安靜的喀布爾機場，叛亂組織的領導人像徵性地走在跑道上，說他們希望“與美國和世界保持良好關係”
按機構今天，上午 8:28
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2021 年 8 月 31 日，一名塔利班戰鬥機坐在喀布爾機場一架阿富汗空軍飛機的駕駛艙內（Wakil KOHSAR / AFP）
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2021 年 8 月 31 日，塔利班 Badri 313 軍事單位的成員在喀布爾機場的一架阿富汗空軍飛機旁站崗。（WAKIL KOHSAR / AFP）
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2021 年 8 月 31 日，阿富汗空軍的 A-29 攻擊機被描繪成裝甲背心躺在喀布爾機場機庫內的地面上。（WAKIL KOHSAR / AFP）
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2021 年 8 月 31 日，一名塔利班戰鬥機在喀布爾機場機庫附近用手機拍攝了受損的阿富汗空軍 MD 530 直升機（WAKIL KOHSAR / AFP）
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阿富汗空軍 A-29 攻擊機於 2021 年 8 月 31 日在喀布爾機場的機庫內拍攝（WAKIL KOHSAR / AFP）
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2021 年 8 月 31 日星期二，美國從阿富汗喀布爾撤軍後，塔利班官員在哈米德卡爾扎伊國際機場接受記者採訪。（美聯社照片/Kathy Gannon）
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2021 年 8 月 31 日，塔利班戰士站在喀布爾機場的一架阿富汗空軍飛機內（Wakil KOHSAR / AFP）
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阿富汗喀布爾——在最後一架美國飛機離開跑道後，塔利班週二完全控制了喀布爾的國際機場，標誌著美國最長的戰爭結束，留下一個現在安靜的機場，外面的阿富汗人仍然希望逃離叛亂分子的統治.
車輛沿著哈米德卡爾扎伊國際機場在機場北部軍用一側的唯一跑道來回奔跑。黎明前，全副武裝的塔利班戰士穿過軍事一側的機庫，經過美國國務院用於撤離的七架 CH-46 直升機中的一些，然後使它們無法飛行。
塔利班領導人後來象徵性地走過跑道，標誌著他們的勝利。
下一個
停留
“祝賀阿富汗……這場胜利屬於我們所有人，”塔利班發言人 Zabihullah Mujahid 在機場跑道上告訴記者。
在最後一批外國軍隊離開阿富汗幾個小時後，穆賈希德說，美國的失敗是“對其他入侵者和我們的後代的重要教訓”。
他說“這也是給世界的一個教訓”，但補充說塔利班希望“與美國和世界保持良好關係。我們歡迎與他們建立良好的外交關係。”
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自從塔利班於 8 月 15 日橫掃阿富汗並佔領喀布爾以來，機場就出現了混亂的場面。成千上萬的阿富汗人包圍了機場，有些人在拼命掛在美國 C-17 軍用貨機的一側後墜落身亡。上週，伊斯蘭國在機場門口發動自殺式襲擊，造成至少 169 名阿富汗人和 13 名美國軍人死亡。
但是在星期二，在看到塔利班戰士得意洋洋地向空中開火的一個晚上之後，現在值班的警衛睡眼惺忪地把好奇的人和那些仍然希望趕上飛機的人拒之門外。
“20 年後，我們打敗了美國人，”來自洛加爾省機場的塔利班警衛穆罕默德·伊斯拉姆 (Mohammad Islam) 說，他手裡拿著一把卡拉什尼科夫步槍。“他們離開了，現在我們的國家自由了。”
他補充說：“很明顯我們想要什麼。我們想要伊斯蘭教法（伊斯蘭教法）、和平與穩定。”
塔利班駐卡塔爾政治辦公室發言人穆罕默德·納伊姆 (Mohammad Naeem) 在周二早些時候的一段在線視頻中同樣讚揚了此次收購。
這張 2021 年 3 月 19 日的檔案照片顯示了塔利班政治辦公室發言人穆罕默德·納伊姆在俄羅斯莫斯科舉行的新聞發布會上。（美聯社照片/Alexander Zemlianichenko，游泳池）
“感謝上帝，所有佔領者都完全離開了我們的國家，”他說，並稱他們為聖戰者或聖戰士，以祝賀他們。“這場胜利是上帝賜給我們的。這是由於聖戰者及其領導人 20 年的犧牲。許多聖戰者犧牲了他們的生命。”
廣告
負責監督美國與塔利班談判的美國特別代表扎爾邁哈利勒扎德在推特上寫道，“阿富汗人在撤軍後面臨著決定和機遇的時刻”。
“他們國家的未來掌握在他們手中。他們將在完全主權的情況下選擇自己的道路，”他寫道。“這也是結束他們戰爭的機會。”
但隨著塔利班完全接管該國政府，他們可能面臨一系列重大危機。阿富汗持有的數十億美元外匯儲備中的大部分現在都凍結在美國，從而對其正在貶值的阿富汗貨幣施加壓力。銀行已經實施了取款控制，擔心在不確定性中擠兌存款。全國各地的公務員表示，他們已經幾個月沒有領到工資了。
2021 年 8 月 30 日，一名身穿罩袍的阿富汗婦女在喀布爾的一條小路上行走。（Hoshang Hashimi / 法新社）
醫療設備仍然供不應求，而逃離塔利班進攻的數千人仍然生活在骯髒的環境中。嚴重的干旱還削減了該國的糧食供應，使其進口變得更加重要，並增加了人們挨餓的風險。
據白宮稱，在疏散期間，美軍幫助疏散了 12 萬多名美國公民、外國人和阿富汗人，這是美軍歷史上最大的空運。聯軍還疏散了他們的公民和阿富汗人。但對於所有逃出的人，外國和美國承認他們並沒有疏散所有想離開的人。
在機場的東門，少數阿富汗人仍在碰碰運氣，希望能有班機。然而，截至目前，商業航空公司還沒有飛往機場，目前尚不清楚誰將接管該國的領空。在他們離開的路上，美國軍方警告飛行員機場“不受控制”，“沒有空中交通管製或機場服務可用”。
一架美國軍用飛機於 2021 年 8 月 30 日星期一從阿富汗喀布爾的哈米德卡爾扎伊國際機場起飛。（美聯社照片/Wali Sabawoon）
一些試圖進入機場的人來自阿富汗南部的塔利班中心地帶坎大哈省，那裡曾發生過一些最激烈的戰爭。其中一個叫 Hekmatullah 的人，和許多阿富汗人一樣有同一個名字，他拿著文件，他說這表明他是一名翻譯。
希克馬圖拉說，他等了四天才等到有機會離開。
“但現在我不知道我有什麼機會，”他說。
Taliban revels in US ‘defeat,’ says withdrawal a ‘big lesson for other invaders’
Now in control of quiet Kabul airport, insurgent group’s leaders symbolically walk on the runway, say they want ‘good relations with the US and the world’
By AGENCIESToday, 8:28 am
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A Taliban fighter sits in the cockpit of an Afghan Air Force aircraft at the airport in Kabul on August 31, 2021 (Wakil KOHSAR / AFP)
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Members of the Taliban Badri 313 military unit stands guard next to a Afghan Air Force aircraft at the airport in Kabul on August 31, 2021. (WAKIL KOHSAR / AFP)
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Afghan Air Force's A-29 attack aircrafts are pictured as armoured vests are lying on the ground inside a hangar at the airport in Kabul on August 31, 2021. (WAKIL KOHSAR / AFP)
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A Taliban fighter takes a picture of a damaged Afghan Air Force’s MD 530 helicopter with his mobile phone near the hangar at the airport in Kabul on August 31, 2021 (WAKIL KOHSAR / AFP)
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A Afghan Air Force A-29 attack aircraft is pictured inside a hangar at the airport in Kabul on August 31, 2021 (WAKIL KOHSAR / AFP)
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Taliban officials are interviewed by journalists inside the Hamid Karzai International Airport after the US withdrawal in Kabul, Afghanistan, Tuesday, Aug. 31, 2021. (AP Photo/Kathy Gannon)
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Taliban fighters stand inside an Afghan Air Force aircraft at the airport in Kabul on August 31, 2021 (Wakil KOHSAR / AFP)
KABUL, Afghanistan — The Taliban held full control of Kabul’s international airport Tuesday after the last US plane left its runway, marking the end of America’s longest war and leaving behind a now-quiet airfield and Afghans outside it still hoping to flee the insurgents’ rule.
Vehicles raced back and forth along the Hamid Karzai International Airport’s sole runway on the northern military side of the airfield. Before dawn broke, heavily armed Taliban fighters walked through hangars on the military side, passing some of the seven CH-46 helicopters the US State Department used in its evacuations before rendering them unflyable.
Taliban leaders later symbolically walked across the runway, marking their victory.
“Congratulations to Afghanistan… this victory belongs to us all,” Taliban spokesman Zabihullah Mujahid told reporters from the runway of the airport.
The defeat of America was a “big lesson for other invaders and for our future generation,” Mujahid said a number of hours after the last foreign troops departed Afghanistan.
He said “it is also a lesson for the world,” but added that the Taliban wants “to have good relations with the US and the world. We welcome good diplomatic relations with them all.”
The airport had seen chaotic scenes since the Taliban blitzed across Afghanistan and took Kabul on August 15. Thousands of Afghans besieged the airport, some falling to their death after desperately hanging onto the side of an American C-17 military cargo jet. Last week, an Islamic State suicide attack at an airport gate killed at least 169 Afghans and 13 US service members.
But on Tuesday, after a night that saw Taliban fighters fire triumphantly into the air, guards now blearily on duty kept out the curious and those still somehow hoping to catch a flight out.
“After 20 years we have defeated the Americans,” said Mohammad Islam, a Taliban guard at the airport from Logar province cradling a Kalashnikov rifle. “They have left and now our country is free.”
He added: “It’s clear what we want. We want Sharia (Islamic law), peace and stability.”
Mohammad Naeem, a spokesman for the Taliban’s political office in Qatar, similarly praised the takeover in an online video early Tuesday.
This March 19, 2021 file photo shows Mohammad Naeem, spokesman for the Taliban’s political office, during a news conference in Moscow, Russia. (AP Photo/Alexander Zemlianichenko, Pool)
“Thank God all the occupiers have left our country completely,” he said, congratulating fighters by referring to them as mujahedeen, or holy warriors. “This victory was given to us by God. It was due to 20 years of sacrifice by the mujahedeen and its leaders. Many mujahedeen sacrificed their lives.”
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Zalmay Khalilzad, the US special representative who oversaw America’s talks with the Taliban, wrote on Twitter that “Afghans face a moment of decision & opportunity” after the withdrawal.
“Their country’s future is in their hands. They will choose their path in full sovereignty,” he wrote. “This is the chance to bring their war to an end as well.”
But the Taliban face what could be a series of major crises as they fully take over the country’s government. The majority of the billions of dollars Afghanistan holds in foreign reserves is now frozen in America, pressuring its now-depreciating Afghani currency. Banks have implemented withdrawal controls, fearing runs on their deposits in the uncertainty. Civil servants across the country say they haven’t received their salary in months.
A burqa-clad Afghan woman walks along a path in Kabul on August 30, 2021. (Hoshang Hashimi / AFP)
Medical equipment remains in short supply, while thousands who fled the Taliban’s advance remain living in squalid conditions. A major drought also has cut into the country’s food supplies, making its imports even more important and raising the risk of people going hungry.
During the evacuation, US forces helped evacuate over 120,000 US citizens, foreigners and Afghans, according to the White House, making it the largest airlift in the history of the American military. Coalition forces also evacuated their citizens and Afghans. But for all who got out, foreign nations and the US acknowledged they didn’t evacuate all who wanted to go.
At the airport’s eastern gate, a handful of Afghans still tried their luck to get in, hoping for any flight. As of now, however, commercial airlines aren’t flying into the airport and it remains unclear who will take over managing the country’s airspace. On their way out, the US military warned pilots the airport was “uncontrolled” and “no air traffic control or airport service are available.”
A US military aircraft takes off from the Hamid Karzai International Airport in Kabul, Afghanistan, Monday, Aug. 30, 2021. (AP Photo/Wali Sabawoon)
Several of those trying to come into the airport came from Kandahar province, the Taliban heartland in southern Afghanistan that saw some of the war’s fiercest fighting. One of the men, Hekmatullah, who like many Afghans goes by one name, carried paperwork he said showed he worked as a translator.
Hekmatullah said he had waited four days for an opportunity to leave.
“But now I don’t know what chances I have,” he said.
以色列的 COVID 死亡人數超過 7,000；僅 8 月份就有超過 500 人死於病毒
自大流行開始以來，共有 7,043 人死于冠狀病毒；衛生部統計數據顯示，上個月平均每天有 18 人死亡
由艾米斯皮羅 2021 年 8 月 30 日，晚上 10:17
2020 年 11 月 8 日，一名男子在耶路撒冷的以色列 COVID-19 受害者紀念碑上打開 LED 蠟燭。（美聯社照片/ Oded Balilty）
以色列衛生部周一晚間的統計數據顯示，以色列的冠狀病毒死亡人數已超過 7,000 人，這嚴峻地提醒人們，由於 COVID-19 的再次襲擊而造成的人員傷亡。
根據最新數據，自大流行開始以來，已有 7,043 名患有 COVID-19 的以色列人死亡。以色列在 2020 年 3 月登記了首例 COVID 死亡病例，一年後，該國迎來了第 6,000 例死亡病例。
以色列在 5 月份連續幾週沒有死亡，因為疫苗接種活動幾乎阻止了感染，但最近幾週死亡率數字飆升。8 月份有 550 多人死於新冠肺炎，僅在過去五天內就有 100 多人死亡。
在過去一個月中，平均每天有 18 人死於 COVID-19，週日有 24 人死亡。在整個 6 月期間，僅記錄了 7 例 COVID 死亡。
根據世界衛生組織的數據，在全球範圍內，該病毒造成的死亡人數接近 450 萬。
週一早些時候，衛生部的數據顯示，自 2 月中旬以來，在接受病毒檢測的人中，週日的陽性率最高。在周日進行的 91,051 項測試中，7.81% 的檢測結果呈陽性，而兩週前的陽性率為 5.38%，一個月前為 2.84%。
與此同時，在第三劑疫苗被批准用於 12 歲以上的全體人口後，醫療保健提供者正在繼續快速推出疫苗加強注射。截至週日晚上，2,102,426 名以色列人（接近總人口的 23%）接種了第三劑疫苗。
在 70-79 歲的人群中，超過 80% 的人接受了加強注射，而 60-69 歲的人群中這一比例為 66%，50-59 歲人群中的這一比例為 49%。超過 16% 的 30 至 39 歲的以色列人——不到一周前有資格獲得第三劑——已經接受了注射。
廣告
2021 年 8 月 30 日，一名以色列男子在耶路撒冷市政廳外由耶路撒冷市政府和內政司令部組織的臨時疫苗接種中心接種了第三劑 COVID-19 疫苗。（Olivier Fitoussi/Flash90）
研究人員和衛生部官員表示，加強劑量運動已經在幫助阻止新的嚴重 COVID 病例的增加，儘管每日感染人數幾乎沒有減少的跡象，有些人預計週三全國學校開學後數字會進一步上升。
衛生部官員周日宣布，所有至少五個月前接種第二劑疫苗的人都可以使用加強劑。
官員們還透露，從 10 月 1 日開始，允許接種或康復者進入大多數公共場所的“綠色通行證”系統將僅在第二次或第三次接種後的六個月內適用。
Stuart Winer 為本報告做出了貢獻。
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Israel’s COVID death toll passes 7,000; over 500 felled by virus in August alone
A total of 7,043 people have died of the coronavirus since the pandemic began; Health Ministry statistics show average of 18 deaths per day over last month
By AMY SPIRO 30 August 2021, 10:17 pm
A man turns on LED candles at a memorial for Israel's victims of COVID-19, in Jerusalem, November 8, 2020. (AP Photo/ Oded Balilty)
The coronavirus death toll in Israel surpassed 7,000, Health Ministry statistics showed Monday evening, marking a grim reminder of the human toll wrought by the renewed onslaught of COVID-19.
According to the latest figures, 7,043 Israelis with COVID-19 have died since the start of the pandemic. Israel’s first COVID death was registered in March 2020, and a year later, the country marked its 6,000th death.
Israel went several weeks without a death in May as a vaccination drive helped all but halt infections, but recent weeks have seen mortality figures rocket. More than 550 people have died of COVID in August, over 100 of them in the last five days alone.
On average over the past month, 18 people with COVID-19 died per day, and 24 deaths were registered on Sunday. During the entire month of June, just seven COVID deaths were recorded.
Worldwide, the death toll from the virus stands at nearly 4.5 million, according to the World Health Organization.
Earlier Monday, Health Ministry figures showed the highest positivity rate on Sunday among those tested for the virus since mid-February. Of the 91,051 tests conducted Sunday, 7.81% returned positive, compared to a positivity rate of 5.38% two weeks ago, and 2.84% one month ago.
Meanwhile, healthcare providers are continuing their rapid rollout of vaccine booster shots, after the third doses were approved for the entire population over 12. As of Sunday evening, 2,102,426 Israelis — close to 23% of the population — had received a third shot.
Among those aged 70-79, more than 80% have received a booster, compared to 66% of those ages 60-69 and 49% of those ages 50-59. More than 16% of Israelis between 30 and 39 — who became eligible for the third dose less than a week ago — have already received the shot.
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An Israeli man receives a third dose of the COVID-19 vaccine at a temporary vaccination center organized by the Jerusalem Municipality and the Home Front Command, outside Jerusalem City Hall on August 30, 2021. (Olivier Fitoussi/Flash90)
Researchers and Health Ministry officials have said that the booster dose campaign is already helping stem the rise in new serious COVID cases, although daily infections show little sign of waning, and some expect numbers to rise even further after schools open nationwide Wednesday.
Health Ministry officials announced on Sunday that the boosters were available for all those who received their second vaccine dose at least five months ago.
The officials also revealed that, starting October 1, the “Green Pass” system — which allows entry to most public places to those vaccinated or recovered — would only apply for six months following either the second or third dose.
Stuart Winer contributed to this report.
以色列研究：輝瑞在監督下注射對高度過敏的患者是安全的
在 429 名嚴重過敏的人中，只有 9 人對 COVID 疫苗有反應，而且所有人都很快康復，沒有再出現任何問題
通過內森杰斐 今天，下午 6:17
患有過敏症的 Hadar Walz 在 Sheba 醫療中心接種疫苗。（示巴醫療中心提供）
以色列的一項研究得出結論，患有嚴重過敏症的人可以在監督下安全地接種輝瑞冠狀病毒疫苗。
以色列最大的醫院舍巴醫療中心設立了一個專門的診所，負責監督對高度過敏人群的疫苗接種，首先進行醫學評估，如果出現任何嚴重反應，醫生會在場對患者進行治療。
到目前為止，輝瑞 BioNTech 疫苗是以色列最常用的疫苗（Moderna 也被使用過，但數量有限）。
超過8000人申請，429名嚴重過敏的人在觀察中接種了疫苗。429 人中只有 9 人有過敏反應，並且在為期兩週的研究隨訪期間，他們都很快康復並且身體健康。
運營該診所的團隊在《美國醫學會雜誌》上的一項同行評審研究中寫下了他們的發現。
它的結論是，在正確的專家監督下，“大多數有過敏性疾病病史的患者，特別是高度過敏的患者，都可以安全地進行免疫接種。”
領導這項研究的 Sheba 臨床免疫學負責人 Nancy Almog-Levin 博士告訴《以色列時報》，過敏反應比其他疫苗更常見，但這種程度並不重要，所有反應都很容易控制。
她指出，最初有人擔心輝瑞疫苗是否適用於高度過敏的人群，美國食品和藥物管理局曾建議此類人群不要接種疫苗。此後已對此進行了修訂，現在很少有人因過敏而被排除在外。
廣告
“現在，我們的數據清楚地表明，嚴重過敏的人可以安全地接種疫苗，這很重要，”她說。
“這對過敏者和其他人來說意義重大。因為如果我們看到即使在最容易引起過敏的人群中，疫苗也是安全的，我們可以推斷，就過敏反應而言，對於其他沒有受到嚴重過敏影響的人群來說，它是非常安全的。”
紅大衛盾會工人準備 COVID-19 疫苗。（約納坦·辛德爾/Flash90）
作者表示，他們的研究特別重要，因為輝瑞疫苗的臨床試驗和隨後的幾項研究都排除了有過敏反應史的患者，並且對疫苗對高度過敏人群的影響存在混淆。
該研究描述了對過敏患者的仔細評估如何使他們能夠安全地接種疫苗。他們被邀請申請 Sheba，有 8,102 人提交了他們的詳細信息。大約 6,883 人被定義為低風險，並在正常情況下接種了疫苗。
下一級篩查涉及過敏調查問卷，之後 785 人定期接種疫苗，其中 5 人推遲免疫。其餘 429 人被認為需要高風險診所的護理，並在觀察中接種疫苗。
九人有過敏反應，都是女性。其中六人有輕微的即時過敏反應，如舌頭腫脹或用抗組胺藥治療的咳嗽。
廣告
三名患者出現過敏反應，包括呼吸急促。這三人中有兩人事先被診斷出患有多種藥物過敏症。這三人都用腎上腺素、抗組胺藥和吸入器成功治療。
該研究指出：“我們的團隊在兩週內對所有 9 名對第一劑立即發生反應的患者進行了隨訪；沒有人報告復發或持續的過敏症狀。”
Israeli study: Pfizer shot safe for highly allergic patients, with supervision
Of 429 people with serious allergies, only 9 had a reaction to the COVID shot, and all of them recovered quickly and experienced no further issues
By NATHAN JEFFAY Today, 6:17 pm
Hadar Walz, who suffers from allergies, being vaccinated at Sheba Medical Center. (Courtesy of Sheba Medical Center)
People with serious allergies can safely be inoculated with the Pfizer coronavirus vaccine with supervision, an Israeli study has concluded.
Sheba Medical Center, Israel’s largest hospital, set up a special clinic to oversee administration of vaccines to highly allergic people, with medical assessments done first and doctors on hand to treat the patients in the case of any serious reactions.
The Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine by far is the shot most commonly used in Israel (Moderna has also been used but in a limited amount).
More than 8,000 people applied, and 429 with serious allergies were vaccinated under observation. Only nine of the 429 had allergic reactions, and all of them quickly recovered and were in good health through the study’s two-week follow-up period.
The team running the clinic wrote their findings in a peer-reviewed study in the Journal of the American Medical Association.
It concluded that, with the right expert oversight, “most patients with a history of allergic diseases and, particularly, highly allergic patients, can be safely immunized.”
Dr. Nancy Almog-Levin, Sheba’s head of clinical immunology who directed the research, told The Times of Israel that allergic reactions were more common than with other vaccines, but that the level was not concerning and all reactions were easily managed.
She noted that initially there had been concerns about the Pfizer vaccine for highly allergic people, and that the US Food and Drug Administration had recommended that such people not be vaccinated. This has since been revised, and now few people are excluded on allergy grounds.
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“Now, our data clearly shows that seriously allergic people can be vaccinated safely, which is important,” she said.
“This is significant for people with allergies, and also for others. Because if we’re seeing that even among the most allergenic people the vaccine is safe, we can infer that it’s very safe in terms of allergic reactions for the rest of the population that doesn’t suffer badly from allergies.”
A Magen David Adom worker prepares a COVID-19 vaccine. (Yonatan Sindel/Flash90)
The authors suggested that their research is particularly significant as clinical trials for the Pfzer vaccine and several subsequent studies had excluded patients with a history of allergic reactions, and there is confusion about the impact of vaccines on highly allergic people.
The study describes how careful assessment of patients with allergies allowed them to be safely given vaccines. They were invited to apply to Sheba, and 8,102 people submitted their details. Some 6,883 were defined as low-risk and were vaccinated in normal settings.
The next level of screening involved an allergy questionnaire, after which 785 received regular vaccination and five were deferred from immunization. The remaining 429 were deemed in need of care from the high-risk clinic, with vaccines given under observation.
Nine had allergic reactions, all of them women. Six of them had mild immediate allergic reactions, like swelling of the tongue or a cough that was fixed with antihistamine.
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Three patients had anaphylactic reactions that included shortness of breath. Two of those three had a prior diagnosis of multiple drug allergies. All three were successfully treated with adrenaline, antihistamines, and an inhaler.
The study stated: “All nine patients who experienced an immediate reaction to the first dose were followed up by our team within two weeks; none reported recurrent or ongoing allergic symptoms.”
以色列在人均每日新感染的滾動平均值方面領先世界——數據
今天，晚上 7:54
衛生工作者於 2021 年 8 月 31 日在北部城市薩法德的一個臨時 COVID-19 檢測設施處理樣本。（David Cohen/Flash90）
根據牛津大學數據世界的數據，以色列目前每百萬人每日新增冠狀病毒病例的 7 天滾動平均值最高。
Our World in Data 引用的數據顯示，以色列已超過黑山和格魯吉亞，一周內平均每百萬人每天新增病例 1,013 例。
Israel leads world in rolling average of new daily infections per capita – data
Today, 7:54 pm
Health workers handle samples at a temporary COVID-19 testing facility in the northern city of Safed, on August 31, 2021. (David Cohen/Flash90)
Israel currently has the highest seven-day rolling average of new daily coronavirus cases per million people, according to the Oxford University-based Our World in Data.
Figures cited by Our World in Data show that Israel has overtaken Montenegro and Georgia for an average of 1,013 new daily cases per million people over a week.
美國國務院重申對兩國解決方案的承諾
由雅各布馬吉德 今天，晚上 7:52
2021 年 8 月 27 日星期五，以色列總理納夫塔利·貝內特在華盛頓特區白宮橢圓形辦公室會見總統喬·拜登時發表講話。（美聯社照片/埃文武奇）
當被問及對納夫塔利·貝內特總理最近反對建立巴勒斯坦國的言論發表評論時，一位美國國務院官員告訴以色列時報，“我們認為，通過談判達成的兩國解決方案是實現持久解決巴勒斯坦國問題的唯一可行途徑。以巴衝突。”
這位官員補充說：“我們與以色列政府就以務實的方法解決巴勒斯坦問題的重要性進行了坦誠和持續的討論，以切實可行的方式實現這一目標。”