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    #04 - AMA #1: alcohol, best lab tests, wearables, finding the right doc, racing, and more

    enJuly 09, 2018

    Podcast Summary

    • Understanding the Harmful Effects of AlcoholAlcohol, particularly ethanol, is a toxin that harms the body by producing a toxic substance called aldehyde. It is important to consume alcohol in moderation to reduce health risks.

      Alcohol, specifically ethanol, is a toxin to the body. While there may be some individuals who are less affected by its impact, it is important to understand that ethanol has no inherent benefits for the human body. When consumed, ethanol is metabolized by the liver and produces a toxin called aldehyde, which has negative effects on both the liver and the brain. The brain effects are what people seek when consuming alcohol, as it provides a feeling of buzz and euphoria. However, it is crucial to recognize that the dose of ethanol plays a significant role in determining its overall harm. Therefore, it is advisable to be mindful of alcohol consumption and prioritize moderation to minimize potential health risks.

    • Understanding the Impact of Alcohol on the Liver and BodyAlcohol affects the liver differently in each person, and it is vital to consider liver function and potential metabolic harm. Drinking purposefully and high-quality alcohol can be balanced, but excessive consumption should be avoided.

      The effects of alcohol on the body vary from person to person, and it is important to understand how it impacts the liver. Ethanol, the active component in alcohol, has both excitatory and depressing effects on the central nervous system. The liver processes ethanol similarly to sugar or fructose, which can lead to negative metabolic effects. It is crucial to consider an individual's liver function and the potential harm caused by alcohol consumption. Furthermore, the discussion highlights the importance of examining the underlying reasons for drinking alcohol. Drinking excessively can lead to behavior such as unhealthy eating habits. To maintain a balanced approach, it is suggested to drink purposefully and choose high-quality alcohol. However, it is also crucial to be mindful of individual preferences and be cautious about excessive consumption.

    • The truth about red wine and healthRed wine may not have as many health benefits as believed, and moderation is important when it comes to alcohol consumption.

      Consuming a glass of red wine a day is not necessarily beneficial for your health. The idea of the "French paradox" and the association between red wine and better health is based on a poor understanding of epidemiology. The compound resveratrol found in red wine, which was once believed to enhance longevity, is not present in significant amounts in a glass of red wine. Therefore, taking resveratrol supplements would be more effective if that is the desired benefit. While a single glass of wine may help some individuals unwind, the potential drawbacks of ethanol, such as increased appetite dysregulation, must be considered. Furthermore, consuming more than two drinks negatively impacts sleep quality, heart rate variability, and REM cycles. Hence, moderation is key when it comes to alcohol consumption.

    • Understanding Genetic Markers for Cardiovascular and Alzheimer's Disease RiskKnowing your LPA and APOE gene variants can help assess your risk of cardiovascular and Alzheimer's disease, enabling you to make informed decisions about lifestyle changes and medication to improve your health outcomes.

      It is important to know your LPA and APOE gene variants for better understanding your cardiovascular and Alzheimer's disease risk. LPA reflects genotype and can be measured through LP Particle number or LP little a mass. APOE exists mostly in three forms (2, 3, and 4) and plays a significant role in predicting Alzheimer's disease. Despite some physicians questioning the relevance of patients knowing their APOE genotype, there is evidence suggesting that Alzheimer's disease prevention is possible, making genotyping valuable. Furthermore, APOE genotype provides valuable insights into cardiovascular risk. Additionally, tracking LDL P or APO B, which measure LDL particles, can provide further important information. Understanding these genetic markers can help individuals assess their risk and potentially make lifestyle changes or use medication to improve their health outcomes.

    • The Importance of Focusing on Specific Cholesterol Markers and Insulin Levels in Assessing Cardiovascular HealthTotal cholesterol may not provide as much insight into cardiovascular health as the triglyceride to HDL cholesterol ratio and an oral glucose tolerance test. Monitoring these markers can help identify potential insulin resistance and intervene early.

      When it comes to assessing cholesterol levels, total cholesterol may not be as significant as other markers. According to Peter Attia, total cholesterol is only relevant in certain cases, such as when determining eligibility for a specific medication. Instead, he suggests focusing on the ratio of triglyceride to HDL cholesterol, as this may provide more valuable insights into cardiovascular health. Additionally, Attia highlights the importance of an oral glucose tolerance test (OTT) that measures insulin levels alongside glucose. While glucose levels can be monitored at home, insulin levels require laboratory testing. Attia emphasizes the need for more rigorous standards when interpreting OTT results, considering fasting and postprandial glucose and insulin levels. Overall, these markers can assist in identifying potential insulin resistance and help intervene at an early stage.

    • The importance of monitoring blood markers for health assessment and disease risk.Blood tests can provide valuable insights into a person's health and potential risk for diseases. It is important to consider changing reference ranges and not dismiss abnormal values to identify underlying health issues and assess overall well-being.

      Monitoring certain markers in blood tests can provide important insights into a person's health and potential risk for diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, and neurodegenerative disease. However, it is crucial to interpret these markers in the context of changing reference ranges and evolving understanding of health conditions. For example, elevated levels of ALT, a liver enzyme, may indicate fatty liver disease, which has seen a significant increase due to higher fructose consumption. It is important to be aware of these shifts in reference ranges and not dismiss slightly abnormal values, as they may still indicate underlying health issues. Additionally, monitoring lipoproteins, inflammation markers, and endothelial dysfunction can provide valuable information about a person's risk for heart disease and stroke. Ultimately, a comprehensive approach to blood testing can help assess overall health and potential longevity.

    • The Importance of Blood Tests for Cardiovascular Health and BeyondBlood tests can offer valuable insights into cardiovascular risk and endothelial health by measuring specific markers. They can also provide clues about cancer, insulin levels, and even Alzheimer's disease risk.

      Blood tests can provide valuable insights into an individual's risk of cardiovascular disease. While specific markers like fibrinogen and c-reactive protein can indicate non-specific risk factors, more targeted markers like ox LDL and lppla2 can provide a deeper understanding of endothelial health. Additionally, tests for homocysteine and asymmetric dimethalargine (ADMA) can reveal inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase, another important factor in cardiovascular health. For younger individuals, blood tests can provide a comprehensive picture of cardiovascular risk, while older patients may benefit from additional imaging tests like CT scans and calcium scores. However, blood tests currently have limited insights into cancer, with liquid biopsies offering promise for future diagnostics. Insulin levels should also be considered as high levels can be toxic to the endothelium, even if fasting glucose appears normal. Finally, blood tests and risk stratification can also be relevant for Alzheimer's disease, as it shares similarities with cardiovascular disease in terms of risk factors and metabolic profiles.

    • The Impact of Ketogenic and Low-Carbohydrate Diets on Glucose Tolerance Tests.Glucose tolerance tests may give misleading results for those on ketogenic or low-carb diets, highlighting the need to consider dietary factors and utilize continuous glucose monitoring for accurate assessment of metabolic health.

      Glucose tolerance tests can yield misleading results for individuals following a ketogenic or low-carbohydrate diet. These individuals may experience a spike in glucose and insulin levels despite having low fasting glucose and insulin. This was demonstrated through a case where a person on a low-carb diet initially "failed" the test for kidney donation due to high glucose and insulin levels. However, after refeeding with carbohydrates leading up to the test, the results were normal. This highlights the importance of considering dietary factors when interpreting fasting glucose levels. Additionally, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) can provide more accurate and insightful data about a patient's glucose response, making it a valuable tool for monitoring glucose levels and gaining a deeper understanding of an individual's metabolic health.

    • Continuous Glucose Monitoring: Empowering Healthier ChoicesContinuous glucose monitoring devices provide real-time feedback on blood sugar levels, helping individuals make informed choices about their diet and lifestyle for better health and glucose control.

      Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) devices provide real-time feedback on blood sugar levels, allowing individuals to make more informed choices about their diet and lifestyle. CGMs, like the Dexcom system mentioned, have proven to be accurate and have a seamless interface with smartphones. They are valuable tools for tracking glucose levels after meals, exercise, and stress, helping users understand how their choices impact their health. These devices act as accountability coaches, discouraging unhealthy food choices by showing the immediate rise in blood sugar levels after consuming sugary or unhealthy foods. Having access to this real-time feedback encourages individuals to make healthier choices and maintain control over their glucose levels. Despite the challenges posed by children and their impact on the food environment, CGMs provide a helpful means of maintaining healthy eating habits.

    • The Influence of our Environment on Eating Habits and the Importance of Family History in Assessing Health Risks.Our environment greatly affects our eating habits, and being aware of our family's medical history can provide valuable insights to make informed decisions about our health.

      Our environment plays a crucial role in determining our eating habits, and we are most vulnerable to unhealthy choices in the places we spend most of our time. Peter Attia admits that he struggles to resist unhealthy foods when he is at home, despite his efforts to maintain a healthy diet. Having kids adds to the challenge, as there is more temptation to keep kid-friendly foods around. Additionally, he highlights the significance of family history in assessing our health risks, stating that it often provides greater insights than genetic markers or whole genome sequencing. Therefore, being aware of our family's medical history can help us make more informed decisions about our health and take preventive measures accordingly.

    • Understanding Family History and Choosing the Right Healthcare ProviderConsider your family's medical history when assessing your own health risks, and prioritize advocacy and expertise when choosing a healthcare provider.

      A person's family history plays a crucial role in predicting their health outcomes. By examining the patterns of diseases in a family, such as heart disease, cancer, and dementia, healthcare professionals can gain valuable insights into an individual's potential risks. However, it's important to consider other factors, such as lifestyle choices and genetic variations, that may influence disease development. When seeking a healthcare provider, it's crucial to prioritize specific qualities. Advocacy is essential, as a physician who can guide and support patients through medical challenges is invaluable. Additionally, a doctor's ability, rather than just their affability, should be prioritized. Finding a balance between expertise and rapport is crucial for effective healthcare.

    • Importance of finding the right doctor-patient relationship for effective healthcare.Patients should prioritize finding doctors who they feel connected to and can communicate effectively with, while also considering factors such as accessibility, pricing, knowledge, and reputation.

      Finding the right doctor-patient relationship is crucial for effective healthcare. It's important for patients to feel connected and aligned with their doctors, allowing for better communication and understanding. If a patient feels like they can't connect or be brought along by their doctor, it may be necessary to find someone else who can communicate in a way they prefer. Availability is also an important factor, as some may prefer doctors who are accessible 24/7. When considering concierge doctors, it's essential to understand the differences in pricing and services offered. Additionally, the ability to stay updated with medical advancements and a passion for learning is vital for doctors to provide exceptional care. Rather than focusing on labels, it is more valuable to evaluate doctors individually based on their knowledge and reputation. Referrals from respected doctors can also be valuable in finding a trusted healthcare provider.

    • Finding the Right Doctor and Mastering Cornering in DrivingBe proactive in finding the right doctor and don't settle for less. Similarly, in driving, mastering corners requires understanding the optimal line and making necessary adjustments in speed and steering.

      Finding a good doctor may take time, and it's important to actively participate in your own healthcare. If you're not satisfied with your current doctor, don't be afraid to switch and keep searching until you find the right one. Pay attention to how the doctor reacts to your questions and interest in your own health. A good doctor will not be intimidated or put off by an engaged and curious patient. In another topic discussed, racing, the hardest thing to learn as a driver is vision and understanding the optimal line to take on a racecourse. This involves knowing where the car needs to be at every moment in time. Cornering is the most challenging aspect of driving, with understeer and oversteer being common problems that can be corrected with proper adjustments in speed and steering.

    • Mastering the Art of Controlled OversteerCorrecting oversteer in a race car involves adjusting the angle of the front wheels, pausing for correction, and smoothly modulating throttle and brake pressure. Watching experienced drivers like Chris Harris can offer valuable insights.

      Learning to correct oversteer in a race car is a challenging yet crucial skill. Oversteer occurs when the back end of the car starts to slide out faster than desired, causing the car to turn faster than the front wheels are steering. It is not a visually recognized cue but rather something felt by the driver. To correct oversteer, the initial instinct is to change the angle of the front wheels, followed by a pause for correction and then getting back on the throttle. Modulating throttle and brake pressure smoothly is also important for different driving sensations and control. Watching experienced drivers like Chris Harris can provide insights and inspiration for mastering the art of controlled oversteer.

    • Ayrton Senna - The Greatest Race Car Driver and HumanitarianAyrton Senna's exceptional talent on the track and his dedication to making a positive impact in Brazil's fight against poverty define his enduring legacy.

      Ayrton Senna was a truly remarkable race car driver, considered by many as the greatest of all time. His natural talent and raw ability were evident from the start, as he effortlessly outperformed experienced drivers in their own cars. Beyond his skills on the track, Senna's passion and emotional approach set him apart. He deeply cared about his home country, Brazil, and dedicated a significant portion of his wealth to fight poverty there. Even after his untimely death, Senna's impact continues to be felt, with organizations like the Senna Foundation making a difference in Brazil. Senna's era in Formula 1 is often regarded as the golden age, where drivers played a more significant role and showcased incredible feats of skill. While today's drivers like Lewis Hamilton are undoubtedly talented, advancements in technology have made the cars safer and more efficient. Nonetheless, Senna's legacy remains an inspiration for both fans and aspiring drivers alike.

    • Limitations of iRacing as a Driving SimulatoriRacing is a valuable tool for improving driving skills and understanding racing scenarios, but it does not fully replicate the challenges and sensations of real-life driving, requiring real-world experience for complete skill development.

      IRacing, a high-end software program used in simulators, can improve various aspects of driving skills. However, it does have limitations. One drawback is that the simulator cannot fully replicate the feeling and visual cues of oversteer, making it harder to correct in the virtual environment compared to real-life situations. Additionally, the physiological stress experienced in a real car, such as extreme temperatures and physical discomfort, cannot be replicated in the simulator. These real-world challenges require practice and concentration to overcome. Despite these limitations, iRacing still offers valuable training for drivers, enhancing their overall skills and understanding of different racing scenarios. It serves as a useful tool but should be supplemented with real-world experience to fully develop the necessary skills and adaptability needed in racing.

    • The Benefits of Simulators in Skill Development and TrainingSimulators provide a cost-effective and safe platform for practicing and improving driving techniques, allowing racers to gain valuable experience on different tracks and with various cars.

      Simulators are incredibly beneficial for learning and improving skills without the high cost and potential risks involved. Just like pilots spend most of their time in simulators before flying, racing car drivers can use simulators to gain valuable experience on different tracks and with different cars. Simulators provide a cost-effective and safer way to practice and become proficient in driving techniques. Additionally, simulators offer a wide range of car options, allowing drivers to experience the thrill of driving different types of vehicles, even if they are difficult to handle in real life. Overall, simulators offer a rich and enjoyable learning experience for both professional racers and enthusiasts alike.

    • The Importance of Proper Nutrition and Fueling Strategies in Athletic PerformanceTailoring nutrition and fueling strategies to individual needs is crucial for optimal athletic performance, emphasizing the importance of minimizing reliance on glycogen and glucose, and incorporating branch chain amino acids.

      Peter Attia reflects on his experience as a swimmer and discusses the importance of proper nutrition and fueling strategies during athletic activities. He admits that he was not a natural swimmer and struggled with stroke mechanics. He describes the different stages of competence and how he never reached the final stage. He also mentions the types of high-carb fuels he used to rely on, but now realizes he would have preferred a highly fat-adapted diet. He emphasizes the significance of minimizing reliance on glycogen and glucose, and highlights the importance of branch chain amino acids. Additionally, he discusses the techniques he used to consume food and fluids while swimming, using either a kayak or a long pole with a cup attached. Overall, the key takeaway is that proper nutrition and fueling strategies are crucial for athletic performance and should be tailored to individual needs.

    • Consistency and Injury Prevention: Peter Attia's Approach to ExerciseRegular exercise, injury prevention, and prioritizing consistency are more important than specific goals or impressive achievements in maintaining a healthy and balanced fitness routine.

      Peter Attia emphasizes the importance of consistency in exercise and prioritizing injury prevention. Despite his busy schedule, Attia maintains a non-negotiable routine of weightlifting three days a week. On the other four days, he incorporates cycling on either a Peloton or a Wahoo KICKR trainer. Attia recognizes the need to reprioritize swimming, as he misses the physical and mental benefits it offers. He also briefly took up running again but got distracted and focused on cycling instead. Rather than training for specific goals or impressiveness, Attia emphasizes the importance of exercising regularly and dedicating time to movement prep and injury prevention. While he acknowledges the incredible achievements of some triathletes, Attia realistically assesses his own capabilities in completing an Ironman.

    • The importance of exercise for longevity and health spanRegular exercise can delay the onset of diseases, improve glucose disposal and muscle efficiency, and maintain muscle mass and overall fitness as we age. Prioritizing safety and consistency in exercise enhances our quality of life.

      Exercise plays a crucial role in both life span and health span. While the best exercise for longevity may still be unknown, it is clear that exercise can delay the onset of diseases like atherosclerosis, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. The mechanisms through which exercise improves health span include the disposal of glucose and increased muscle efficiency. However, it is important to find the right balance, as excessive exercise can have negative effects. Lifting weights, especially as we age, is particularly beneficial in maintaining muscle mass and overall fitness. It is also important to prioritize safety and avoid unnecessary risks when engaging in weightlifting. By staying physically active and consistently exercising, we can enhance the quality of our lives as we age.

    • The Significance of Maintaining Strength and Using Technology for Health Monitoring as We AgeAs we grow older, it is crucial to prioritize strength and physical capability while also leveraging wearable devices like continuous glucose monitors and Aura Rings to track and improve our health.

      As we age, it is important to make compromises while still maintaining strength and physical ability. Peter Attia emphasizes the significance of not compromising the expectation of being strong and able to carry heavy loads, like walking through an airport with two fifty-pound bags. If we struggle with physical tasks in our forties, it will be even more challenging to maintain our strength and mobility in our seventies. Attia also discusses the importance of wearable devices for tracking health parameters, particularly continuous glucose monitors (CGMs). While there are various options available, he recommends the Dexcom CGM for its accuracy. However, the challenge lies in the cost and the need for these devices to meet strict medical standards. Attia hopes that in the future, CGMs will be more affordable and convenient, possibly even as small as contact lenses. Additionally, he praises the accuracy of the Aura Ring for sleep tracking, although it may need to be removed during certain exercises like deadlifts. Ultimately, the conversation highlights the importance of maintaining strength and using technology to monitor and improve our health as we age.

    • Immersion and Mentorship: Powerful Tools for Deep LearningTo truly understand a topic, immerse yourself in it and learn from experienced mentors, absorbing as much information as possible to gain valuable insights.

      Immersing oneself in a topic and learning from experts who have already delved deeply into it is an effective way to gain a thorough understanding. Peter Attia shares his approach to learning, which involves total immersion and seeking out mentors who have extensive knowledge and experience in the subject matter. By dedicating oneself to absorbing as much information as possible and engaging with complex cases, valuable insights can be gained. Attia emphasizes the importance of finding a teaching style that resonates with the individual, as this can greatly enhance the learning process. This strategy of seeking out expertise and immersing oneself in the topic can expedite the learning journey and lead to a comprehensive understanding of the subject.

    • The Art of Effective Teaching and Simplifying Complex Concepts in the Digital Age.Choose teachers who resonate with you, evaluate the credibility of sources, find customized learning strategies, and hire experts to accelerate the learning process.

      When it comes to learning, it's not just about finding the smartest person or the one who knows the most about a topic. It's about finding someone who can effectively teach and communicate that knowledge to you. Peter Attia emphasizes the importance of choosing the right teachers who resonate with you and can simplify complex concepts. In today's digital age, there is an abundance of information available, but it's essential to evaluate the credibility and effectiveness of the sources. Finding customized learning strategies, whether through listening, reading, or face-to-face interactions, is crucial. Additionally, Attia highlights the value of hiring experts who can condense vast amounts of information into digestible summaries to accelerate the learning process.

    • Effective Learning Strategy for Complex TopicsStart with review articles, watch lectures, and find a well-written book to gradually understand complex topics. Synthesize information and seek clarification from experts for an effective learning experience.

      Learning complex topics requires a strategic approach. Peter Attia suggests starting with review articles that provide an overview of the subject matter. Even though initially most of the content may be difficult to understand, immersing oneself in the material gradually leads to comprehension. Attia highlights the value of watching lectures and talks where experts explain the concepts in a simplified manner. Additionally, finding a well-written book on the topic can make the learning experience enjoyable and effortless. Attia emphasizes the importance of synthesizing and condensing information, as well as reaching out to experts for clarification. Overall, an effective learning strategy involves a combination of reading, watching, and interacting with knowledgeable individuals in the field.

    • The Value of Seeking Help from ExpertsConnect with experts for valuable insights and perspectives, continuously learn and immerse yourself in a subject to gain knowledge, and avoid wasting time and energy on irrelevant matters.

      Seeking help and guidance from experts can provide valuable insights and perspectives. The speaker, Peter Attia, emphasizes the importance of reaching out to experts in order to gain a deeper understanding of a topic. He admits that his ego sometimes gets in the way of seeking help, but recognizes that this defense mechanism may have hindered his research. Attia highlights the benefits of connecting with researchers and authors, as they can offer additional insight and provide a different perspective compared to reading papers alone. Moreover, Attia encourages continuous learning and immersing oneself in a subject to acquire knowledge, stressing that there is an abundance of information available for anyone willing to explore and engage. Lastly, Attia reflects on the significance of not dwelling on things that cannot be changed and avoiding wasting time and energy on irrelevant matters.

    • Reflecting on Upbringing and BeliefsEmbrace the evolution of knowledge, be present with loved ones, and approach learning with humility and open-mindedness.

      We should be cautious about the way our upbringing and past experiences shape our drive and beliefs. Peter Attia reflects on his childhood and acknowledges that while he wishes he had learned certain things, he is also grateful for the time he invested in training. He realizes that he has spent too much time worrying about things he cannot change and not enough time being present with the people who matter. Furthermore, he admits that his drive and obsession may stem from unhealthy events that he doesn't want to discuss. When it comes to forming beliefs, Attia emphasizes the importance of recognizing that knowledge evolves and that there are no definitive proofs in science. He advocates for seeking knowledge and embracing nuance rather than striving to be right all the time. By adopting this mindset, we can approach learning with humility and open-mindedness.

    • Embracing uncertainty for better decision-makingAcknowledge ignorance, consider probabilities, and be cautious when making decisions in complex areas like medicine or nutrition. A willingness to learn and adapt is important for effective decision-making in the face of uncertainty.

      Certainty in decision-making is often elusive, especially in complex areas like medicine or nutrition. Peter Attia emphasizes the importance of acknowledging our own ignorance and being humble in the face of uncertainty. He cautions against relying on absolute certainty and encourages a more nuanced understanding of probabilities and incomplete knowledge. While it is necessary to make decisions and take action, it is also crucial to consider risk and weigh the potential outcomes. Being paralyzed by uncertainty is not productive, but blindly trusting in one's own knowledge is also problematic. Instead, a thoughtful and cautious approach, coupled with a willingness to learn and adapt, can lead to better decision-making in the face of uncertainty.

    • Finding a personal approach to diet and nutritionPersonalizing your diet is crucial for success, as everyone's body responds differently. It's important to find what works best for you, rather than following a one-size-fits-all approach.

      It's important to have a balanced approach to diet and nutrition. Peter Attia explains that while he experienced numerous benefits on a ketogenic diet, he decided to discontinue it because he missed certain foods and felt the need to reintroduce them into his diet. He also acknowledges that not everyone responds the same way to a ketogenic diet and that it may not be suitable for everyone. Instead, he now follows a simpler set of principles, avoiding junk food and opting for healthier carbohydrate sources like potatoes and rice. This highlights the importance of personalizing your diet and finding what works best for you, rather than subscribing to a one-size-fits-all approach.

    • Peter Attia's Balanced Approach to Eating for Health and Lifestyle.It is important to find an eating plan that aligns with one's health goals while also being manageable in the context of everyday life.

      Peter Attia follows a specific eating routine, incorporating a high-fat shake called the Peter Kaufman and focusing on low-carb options. He pays close attention to his glucose levels throughout the day and prioritizes maintaining stable blood sugar levels. Despite the temptation to indulge in desserts or go back on a ketogenic diet, Peter prefers a balanced approach that includes plenty of vegetables, salad, and a rotation of meats with occasional servings of potatoes or rice. The decision not to return to a strict ketogenic diet is influenced by the challenges it presents in managing meals with his children. This conversation highlights the importance of finding an eating plan that is both effective for individual health goals and manageable in the context of one's lifestyle.

    • The Challenges of a High-Calorie Ketogenic Diet and the Importance of Understanding the Technical AspectsMaintaining a ketogenic diet requires careful planning and effort, including consuming unconventional foods. It also emphasizes the importance of informed decision-making and awareness in dietary choices and medical interventions.

      A ketogenic diet requires careful planning and effort, especially when it comes to maintaining the right ratio of fat to protein and carbs. Peter Attia explains the challenges he faced while being on a high-calorie ketogenic diet, which included consuming large amounts of unconventional foods like tubs of sour cream. This highlights the importance of understanding the technical aspects of a ketogenic diet and the effort it takes to sustain it. Additionally, the conversation touches on other topics like statins, smart drugs, and hormone replacement therapy, indicating that these subjects will be explored further in future discussions. Overall, it underscores the need for informed decision-making and awareness when it comes to dietary choices and medical interventions.

    • Upcoming Podcasts: Exploring Various Health Topics and Sharing Valuable InsightsBy discussing a range of subjects and approaching them holistically, Peter Attia aims to provide valuable knowledge and insights to his audience, enhancing their understanding of health-related topics.

      Peter Attia plans to discuss various topics, including depression, autophagy, ketosis, and exercise, in upcoming podcasts. He is excited to engage with experts in these fields and share valuable information with his audience. Despite acknowledging the potential drawbacks of social media, Peter recognizes the importance of using platforms like Twitter to connect with his followers and address their questions. By addressing a wide range of topics, from NAD and nicotinamide riboside to APOE and exercise strategies, Peter aims to provide valuable insights and knowledge to his listeners. This conversation highlights the importance of exploring different subjects and approaching them from a holistic perspective to gain a better understanding of various health-related topics.

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    View the Show Notes Page for This Episode

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    In this special episode, Peter addresses the common questions about starting or returning to an exercise routine over the age of 50. Individuals in this age group have frequently reached out with questions about whether it's too late to start exercising and often express concern over a lack of prior training, a fear of injury, or uncertainty about where to begin. Peter delves into the importance of fitness for older adults, examining all four pillars of exercise, and provides practical advice on how to start exercising safely, minimize injury risk, and maximize potential benefits. Although this conversation focuses on people in the “older” age category, it also applies to anyone of any age who is deconditioned and looking to ease into regular exercise.

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    View the Show Notes Page for This Episode

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    In this “Ask Me Anything” (AMA) episode, Peter provides insights on a broad range of important topics. He delves into the prevention of cognitive decline, the link between cardiovascular disease and Alzheimer's disease, and methods to lower blood glucose, insulin, and apoB. He also addresses nutrition-related queries, exploring the impact of dietary habits on weight loss and longevity, how a person can identify the best diet for themselves, and common nutrition myths. Additional discussions include optimal blood pressure, daily step goals, the benefits of standing versus sitting desks, and much more.

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    View the Show Notes Page for This Episode

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    Joel Jamieson is a conditioning expert who developed Morpheus to give people a smarter way to build their conditioning regimen and improve their recovery. In this episode, Joel dives deep into the world of heart rate variability (HRV), explaining its scientific foundation, how it measures the balance between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, the various methods of measurement, and how it can guide healthier lifestyle choices and improved training performance. He explores the nuances of HRV calculation, the impact of aging on HRV, and the roles of genetics, exercise, and other lifestyle factors in this process. He also covers Morpheus, the innovative training tool that won Peter over after his initial skepticism, highlighting its practicality and effectiveness in guiding training and optimizing fitness outcomes.

    We discuss:

    • Heart rate variability (HRV): evolution, science, and practical applications of HRV in athletic training [4:00];
    • Methods of measuring HRV: EKG, wrist-based sensors, and more [11:30];
    • How HRV is calculated from the data [22:30];
    • The role of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in regulating HRV [25:45];
    • The decline in HRV with age, and the mitigating effects of fitness and other lifestyle factors [33:30];
    • The role of genetics in HRV, the modifiability of HRV, and a comparison of VO2 max and HRV as predictors of mortality [37:00];
    • How aging affects HRV and sympathetic drive, and the importance of spontaneous movement and exercise in maintaining the body's adaptability [43:30];
    • How Morpheus measures HRV using RMSSD and normalizes it to a 100-point scale for easier interpretation [49:45];
    • The Morpheus system: development, integration with various metrics, and personalized daily training recommendations to optimize fitness and recovery [51:30];
    • The benefits of morning HRV readings for assessing daily readiness compared to overnight HRV measurements [1:03:00];
    • Why Morpheus recommends using a chest strap rather than an arm band [1:10:00];
    • The impact of consistent exercise, stress, alcohol, and other lifestyle factors on HRV [1:11:15];
    • Optimizing zone 2 training with Morpheus [1:18:15];
    • Using heart rate recovery (HRR) as an indicator of athletic conditioning and the balance between aerobic and anaerobic systems [1:22:45];
    • The importance of tracking HRV trends over time rather than focusing on data from a given day [1:29:00];
    • Effect of GLP-1 agonists on heart rate and HRV [1:34:45];
    • Where HRV belongs in the hierarchy of health metrics [1:42:00];
    • Parting thoughts [1:46:30]; and
    • More.

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    The Peter Attia Drive
    enJune 10, 2024

    #304 – NEW: Introducing quarterly podcast summaries - Peter shares his biggest takeaways on muscle protein synthesis, VO2 max, toe strength, gut health, and more

    #304 – NEW: Introducing quarterly podcast summaries - Peter shares his biggest takeaways on muscle protein synthesis, VO2 max, toe strength, gut health, and more

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    In this quarterly podcast summary (QPS) episode, Peter introduces a new format aimed at summarizing his biggest takeaways from the last three months of guest interviews on the podcast. Peter shares key insights from each episode, covering diverse topics such as protein and muscle building with Luc van Loon, toe strength with Courtney Conley, VO2 max with Olav Aleksander Bu, liquid biopsies for cancer with Alex Aravanis, gut health and probiotics with Colleen Cutcliffe, and road safety with Mark Rosekind. Additionally, Peter shares any personal behavioral adjustments or modifications to his patient care practices that have arisen from these engaging discussions.

    If you’re not a subscriber and are listening on a podcast player, you’ll only be able to hear a preview of the AMA. If you’re a subscriber, you can now listen to this full episode on your private RSS feed or our website at the episode #304 show notes page. If you are not a subscriber, you can learn more about the subscriber benefits here.

    We discuss:

    • How Peter keeps track of his takeaways from each podcast episode [5:15];
    • Luc van Loon episode: fat utilization, muscle protein synthesis, dietary protein, aging and inactivity, and more [8:45];
    • Behavioral changes that have come about from the conversation with Luc van Loon [23:45];
    • Courtney Conley episode: importance of toe strength and the impact of dedicated foot training [26:45];
    • Olav Aleksander Bu episode: the importance of VO2 max for lifespan, and the practicalities of measuring and improving VO2 max [36:45];
    • Behavioral changes that have come about from the conversation with Olav [56:00];
    • Alex Aravanis episode: liquid biopsies for cancer detection [1:01:30];
    • Colleen Cutcliffe episode: the importance of gut bacteria balance, and the potential therapeutic uses of probiotics, particularly Akkermansia [1:16:45];
    • Mark Rosekind: the significant issue of road fatalities and injuries, their causes, and practical safety measures to reduce risks [1:27:00]; and
    • More.

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    The Peter Attia Drive
    enJune 03, 2024

    #303 - A breakthrough in Alzheimer’s disease: the promising potential of klotho for brain health, cognitive decline, and as a therapeutic tool for Alzheimer's disease | Dena Dubal, M.D., Ph.D.

    #303 - A breakthrough in Alzheimer’s disease: the promising potential of klotho for brain health, cognitive decline, and as a therapeutic tool for Alzheimer's disease | Dena Dubal, M.D., Ph.D.

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    Dena Dubal is a physician-scientist and professor of neurology at UCSF whose work focuses on mechanisms of longevity and brain resilience. In this episode, Dena delves into the intricacies of the longevity factor klotho: its formation and distribution in the body, the factors such as stress and exercise that impact its levels, and its profound impact on cognitive function and overall brain health. Dena shares insights from exciting research in animal models showing the potential of klotho in treating neurodegenerative diseases as well as its broader implications for organ health and disease prevention. She concludes with an optimistic outlook for future research in humans and the potential of klotho for the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.

    Disclosure: Peter is an investor in Jocasta Neuroscience, a company working to develop klotho as a therapy for people with Alzheimer’s disease.

    We discuss:

    • Dena’s fascination with aging and how she came to study klotho [3:30];
    • Biological properties of klotho: production, regulation, decline with age, and factors influencing its levels [11:45];
    • Potential benefits of klotho on brain health [22:00];
    • The relationship between soluble klotho protein, platelet factors, and cognitive enhancement [33:45];
    • The role of platelet factor 4 (PF4) and it’s interaction with GluN2B in mediating cognitive enhancement [46:45];
    • Benefits of klotho observed in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease [55:45];
    • Benefits of klotho observed in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease [1:03:00];
    • Promising results of klotho in primate models, and the importance of finding an appropriate therapeutic dose before moving to human trials [1:08:00];
    • Speculating why a single klotho injection has such long-lasting effects [1:25:30];
    • Potential cognitive benefits of klotho in humans, the impact of the KL-VS genetic variant on klotho levels, and the need for human trials to confirm these effects [1:27:45];
    • The interaction between the KL-VS genetic variant and APOE4 and how it impacts risk of Alzheimer’s disease [1:34:45];
    • The significance of klotho levels: studies linking lower levels to increased mortality and the broader implications for organ health and disease prevention [1:47:15];
    • Measuring klotho levels and determining an individual’s KL-VS status [1:52:15];
    • The promising potential of klotho for Alzheimer’s disease treatment, and the importance of philanthropy for funding research [1:58:00]; and
    • More.

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    The Peter Attia Drive
    enMay 27, 2024

    #302 - Confronting a metabolic epidemic: understanding liver health and how to prevent, diagnose, and manage liver disease | Julia Wattacheril, M.D., M.P.H.

    #302 - Confronting a metabolic epidemic: understanding liver health and how to prevent, diagnose, and manage liver disease | Julia Wattacheril, M.D., M.P.H.

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    Julia Wattacheril is a physician scientist and director of the Metabolic Dysfunction Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) program at Columbia University Irving Medical Center. In this episode, Julia delves deep into the complex world of liver health, beginning with a foundational overview of liver physiology. She provides an in-depth look at how alcohol impacts liver function, breaking down the metabolism of ethanol and its detrimental effects. Julia then shifts the focus to understanding liver function tests and optimal enzyme levels, providing a detailed explanation of AST and ALT and elucidating why fluctuations in these levels may or may not be concerning. She provides a primer on the four major stages of liver disease, discussing risk and emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis. Julia highlights the role of liver disease in increasing the risk of cancer and cardiovascular disease and covers in detail the various strategies for diagnosing, treating, and preventing the progression of liver disease.

    We discuss:

    • Julia’s training, the importance of liver health, and the challenges and innovations of hepatology [3:15];
    • The complex and crucial functionality of the liver, its four most essential functions, and more [8:45];
    • Liver injuries: historical and evolving understanding of causal factors, and the progression to liver diseases and cancer [13:15];
    • How the liver metabolizes nutrients and what happens in the presence of excess calories or alcohol [24:45];
    • Methods of diagnosing liver disease and how insights guide treatment and management strategies [33:30];
    • The poisonous nature of ethanol to the liver [40:30];
    • Varied responses to alcohol, damaging effects of alcohol beyond the liver, and the process of advising patients on their alcohol consumption [47:15];
    • Understanding liver enzymes AST and ALT—interpreting levels, lifestyle factors that affect them, and diagnostic approaches [58:30];
    • Interpreting liver function tests for fatty liver disease, and the challenges of diagnosing liver pathologies, particularly in children versus adults [1:13:15];
    • Comprehensive liver health assessments via imaging and various diagnostic tools to prevent overlooking potential liver pathologies [1:18:45];
    • Potential impact of recreational drugs, statins, and other medications on liver function test results [1:26:45];
    • Shifting nomenclature from NAFLD to MASLD to reflect accuracy in the underlying pathophysiology and understanding of liver diseases [1:30:30];
    • Pathophysiology of MASLD, the need for proactive screening, and the significance of liver fat percentage as an indicator of metabolic health [1:36:30];
    • The importance of screening for rare conditions alongside common metabolic diseases associated with fatty liver accumulation [1:42:45];
    • Practical strategies for managing MAFLD [1:45:30];
    • The impact of fructose consumption on liver health and the challenges of disentangling its effects from other factors like obesity and insulin resistance [1:52:45];
    • The potential of GLP-1 agonists for the treatment of MASLD [1:57:45];
    • How the four stages of liver disease have evolved [2:00:30];
    • Increased cancer and heart disease risk associated with early-stage MAFLD [2:05:15];
    • Emerging drugs and therapies for addressing fat accumulation and fibrosis related to MAFLD [2:12:15];
    • Peter’s major takeaways [2:18:45]; and
    • More.

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    The Peter Attia Drive
    enMay 20, 2024

    #301 - AMA #59: Inflammation: its impact on aging and disease risk, and how to identify, prevent, and reduce it

    #301 - AMA #59: Inflammation: its impact on aging and disease risk, and how to identify, prevent, and reduce it

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    In this “Ask Me Anything” (AMA) episode, Peter delves into the often misunderstood concept of inflammation. He first defines inflammation and differentiates between acute inflammation and chronic inflammation, the latter of which is linked to aging and a plethora of age-related diseases. Peter breaks down the intricate relationship between chronic inflammation, obesity, and metabolic health, and highlights the signs that might suggest someone may be suffering from chronic inflammation. From there, the conversation centers on actionable advice and practical steps one can take to manage and minimize chronic inflammation. He explores how diet plays a crucial role, including the potential benefits of elimination diets, and he examines the impact of lifestyle factors such as exercise, sleep, and stress management. Additionally, he discusses the relevance of food inflammatory tests and concludes by examining the potential benefits and drawbacks of drugs and supplements in managing inflammation.

    If you’re not a subscriber and are listening on a podcast player, you’ll only be able to hear a preview of the AMA. If you’re a subscriber, you can now listen to this full episode on your private RSS feed or our website at the AMA #59 show notes page. If you are not a subscriber, you can learn more about the subscriber benefits here.

    We discuss:

    • Defining inflammation (and the cultural impact of Napoleon Dynamite) [1:45];
    • Acute vs chronic inflammation [8:00];
    • The connection between chronic inflammation, aging, and age-related diseases [11:00];
    • The impact of inflammation on metabolic health [18:30];
    • Understanding and diagnosing chronic inflammation: blood tests and other approaches, and challenges with measurement [20:00];
    • Factors that contribute to low-level chronic inflammation [28:00];
    • Minimizing inflammation through diet [29:45];
    • The important role of fiber for gut health and inflammation [33:45];
    • A closer look at the impact of trans fats and saturated fats on overall health [34:45];
    • Why Peter prefers dietary fiber from food sources over supplements [38:30];
    • Debunking “superfoods”: emphasizing proven methods over marketing claims for reducing inflammation [39:00];
    • Is there any value in over-the-counter food inflammatory tests? [42:30];
    • Food elimination diets: how they work, symptoms and markers to watch, challenges and limitations [45:15];
    • Identifying dietary triggers for gut-related symptoms through low-FODMAP diets like the “carnivore diet” [51:15];
    • Dairy: the complex role of dairy on inflammation and individual responses [55:00];
    • Wheat: the complexities and conflicting evidence around wheat's inflammatory effects [57:45];
    • How exercise influences inflammation [1:02:00];
    • How sleep quality and duration impacts inflammation [1:07:00];
    • The potential impact of chronic psychological stressors on inflammation [1:13:00];
    • The impact of oral health on inflammation and overall well-being [1:15:00];
    • The role of medications in managing chronic inflammation [1:18:15];
    • Supplements: evaluating the efficacy of various anti-inflammatory supplements [1:22:15];
    • Parting thoughts and takeaways [1:27:00]; and
    • More.

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    The Peter Attia Drive
    enMay 13, 2024

    #300 - Special episode: Peter on exercise, fasting, nutrition, stem cells, geroprotective drugs, and more — promising interventions or just noise?

    #300 - Special episode: Peter on exercise, fasting, nutrition, stem cells, geroprotective drugs, and more — promising interventions or just noise?

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    In this special edition celebrating 300 episodes of The Drive, Peter discusses a variety of popular topics and health interventions and classifies them based on their level of evidence and relevance using the following categories: proven, promising, fuzzy, noise, and nonsense. Peter first delves into the topic of geroprotective molecules, covering rapamycin, metformin, NAD and its precursors, and resveratrol. Next, he explores the significance of metrics like VO2 max and muscle mass, as well as emerging concepts like blood flow restriction and stem cells. The conversation extends to nutrition, addressing questions surrounding long-term fasting, sugar consumption, sugar substitutes, and the contentious role of red meat in cancer. Peter not only provides his current stance on each topic—most of which have been covered in great detail in the previous 300 episodes—but also reflects on how his opinion may have evolved over the years.

    We discuss:

    • Defining the categories of “proven, promising, fuzzy, noise, and nonsense” [3:15];
    • Rapamycin [9:30];
    • Metformin [17:00];
    • NAD and its precursors [24:30];
    • Resveratrol [32:45];
    • The importance of VO2 max, muscle mass, and muscular strength for lifespan [38:15];
    • Blood flow restriction (BFR) training [44:00];
    • Using stem cells to treat osteoarthritis or injury [51:30];
    • Fasting as a tool for longevity (and why Peter stopped his fasting protocol) [55:45];
    • The energy balance theory [1:06:30];
    • The idea that sugar is poison [1:12:00];
    • The idea that sugar substitutes are dangerous [1:22:15];
    • The debate on red meat and cancer [1:28:45]; and
    • More.

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    Special episode with Dax Shepard: F1 and the 30th anniversary of Ayrton Senna’s death

    Special episode with Dax Shepard: F1 and the 30th anniversary of Ayrton Senna’s death

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    This is a special episode of The Drive with Peter’s friend and fellow car enthusiast Dax Shepard. In this podcast, which commemorates the 30th anniversary of the death of Brazilian Formula One legend Ayrton Senna, Dax sits down with Peter to better understand what made Senna so special and why Peter remains an enormous fan. This conversation focuses on Senna’s life, the circumstances of his death, and his lasting impact and legacy on the sport of F1.

    We discuss:

    • Peter’s interest in motorsports began as a child [2:30];
    • The drama and dangers of F1 [6:00];
    • What made Senna special [13:00];
    • What Senna meant to Brazilians [24:00];
    • The cause of the fatal crash [28:15];
    • Why Peter is obsessed with Senna [40:30];
    • Being the best versus having the best record [43:30];
    • Senna’s unique driving style and incredible intuition about automotive engineering [46:30];
    • Back to the day of the dreadful race [53:00];
    • What Peter believes caused the crash [1:02:45];
    • Views on dying young, in the prime of life [1:13:00];
    • Senna lives on in his foundation and in safety changes adopted by F1 [1:21:00];
    • Statistics aren’t enough for fandom, and why people like who they do [1:24:15];
    • The biggest difference between F1 today and F1 in the 80s [1:28:30];
    • Senna’s driving superpower [1:30:30];
    • The fastest drivers currently in F1 [1:38:30];
    • Current F1 obsessions [1:45:00];
    • How hard it is to do what the top F1 drivers do [1:50:15];
    • Dax’s love of motorcycles and his AMG E63 station wagon [1:52:15];
    • Awesome Senna mementos from Etsy [2:01:15];
    • What makes specialists interesting, and Max’s devotion to F1 [2:10:15];
    • What Senna might have done if he had not died that day [2:14:00];
    • Michael Schumacher and Max Verstappen are also top F1 drivers [2:17:30];
    • Interlagos in Sao Paulo Brazil is always an incredible experience [2:18:45]; and
    • More.

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    #299 ‒ Optimizing muscle protein synthesis: the crucial impact of protein quality and quantity, and the key role of resistance training | Luc van Loon, Ph.D.

    #299 ‒ Optimizing muscle protein synthesis: the crucial impact of protein quality and quantity, and the key role of resistance training | Luc van Loon, Ph.D.

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    Luc van Loon is an internationally renowned expert in skeletal muscle metabolism. In this episode, Luc starts with an exploration of the roles of insulin and triglycerides in endurance exercise, highlighting their impact on skeletal muscle metabolism, and he offers profound insights into the significance of protein in this context. He elucidates how different protein types and forms influence muscle protein synthesis rates, exploring the nuances of protein absorption, digestibility, amino acid quality, and their implications for performance and recovery. Delving deeper, he differentiates between animal and plant protein sources, unraveling the distinctive properties of various protein types, from the differences between whey and casein to the emerging trends in collagen protein supplementation. Moreover, Luc dissects the intricate connections among physical activity, lean muscle mass, muscle protein synthesis induced by resistance training, and dietary protein.

    We discuss:

    • Luc’s background and insights about fuel selection during exercise [3:30];
    • Fuel utilization during endurance exercise [9:30];
    • Fat metabolism, intramuscular lipids, and the nutritional dynamics of endurance sports [17:15];
    • The optimal window for replenishing intramuscular fat stores and glycogen post-exercise [25:15];
    • Luc’s interest in protein metabolism and exploration of amino acids' dual role as building blocks and signaling molecules in driving muscle protein synthesis [32:15];
    • How protein metabolism differs between sedentary individuals and those engaged in predominantly strength training or endurance training [38:45];
    • The basics of how proteins are digested and absorbed, and how muscle protein synthesis is measured [50:30];
    • How factors like food texture, cooking methods, and protein composition impact muscle protein synthesis, and the importance of protein distribution throughout the day [59:45];
    • Differences in whey and casein proteins, and the ability of ingested protein to stimulate muscle protein synthesis [1:03:30];
    • Dietary protein distribution and quantity for the maximization of muscle protein synthesis [1:09:00];
    • Muscle loss with age and inactivity and the importance of resistance exercise to maintain type II muscle fibers [1:17:15];
    • Differences between whey and casein proteins, and the importance of both quantity and quality of protein sources [1:28:30];
    • Optimizing muscle protein synthesis: exercise, timing of protein intake, protein quality, and more [1:37:00];
    • How to preserve muscle while trying to lose weight [1:46:00];
    • Anabolic resistance and overcoming it with physical activity [1:55:45];
    • Importance of protein intake and physical activity in hospitalized patients [2:06:30];
    • Reviewing the efficacy of collagen supplements [2:13:30];
    • Plant-based diets: how to ensure a balance of amino acids, and other considerations [2:20:30];
    • Future research: understanding protein metabolism in the brain [2:23:45]; and
    • More.

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    Why FOMO Keeps You Drinking More Than You Want To

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    Buy Breaking the Bottle Legacy: How to Change Your Drinking Habits and Create A Peaceful Relationship with Alcohol on Amazon. 

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    You can grab two free chapters of my upcoming book here!

    Have you grabbed your free e-book, "Alcohol Truths: How Much is Safe?" Get it here. 

    Low risk drinking guidelines from the NIAAA:

    Healthy men under 65:

    No more than 4 drinks in one day and no more than 14 drinks per week.

    Healthy women (all ages) and healthy men 65 and older: No more than 3 drinks in one day and no more than 7 drinks per week.

    One drink is defined as 12 ounces of beer, 5 ounces of wine, or 1.5 ounces of 80-proof liquor. So remember that a mixed drink or full glass of wine are probably more than one drink.

    Abstinence from alcohol Abstinence from alcohol is the best choice for people who take medication(s) that interact with alcohol, have health conditions that could be exacerbated by alcohol (e.g. liver disease), are pregnant or may become pregnant or have had a problem with alcohol or another substance in the past.

    Benefits of “low-risk” drinking Following these guidelines reduces the risk of health problems such as cancer, liver disease, reduced immunity, ulcers, sleep problems, complications of existing conditions, and more. It also reduces the risk of depression, social problems, and difficulties at school or work.

    This week on the podcast I'm talking about FOMO and why it keeps us drinking more than we want to. 

    When I use the acronym FOMO what do you think of? 

     

    Do you think of comparing yourself to others?  Definitely this is the genesis of FOMO and even though it’s become a trendy, Meme-producing word these days it’s actually nothing new. 

    I actually explain it in my book, here’s what I said: “ The fear about what other people think is actually rooted in another survival instinct in our primitive brains. Our primitive brains evolved to associate our emotions with necessary actions for the survival of our species. Generally speaking this means avoiding pain and seeking pleasure. For our archaic ancestors, the Neanderthals, being a member of the tribe was literally a matter of life or death and as humans evolved we have become more socially connected.

     "Mammals are more socially connected than reptiles, primates

    more than other mammals, and humans more than other

    primates. What this suggests is that becoming more socially

    connected is essential to our survival. In a sense, evolution has

    made bets at each step that the best way to make us more

    successful is to make us more social."  

    Here’s the thing...we’re no longer living in a primitive world right, so living in a tribe isn’t necessary for day-to-day life over death. But that doesn’t mean being connected to people isn’t still important and necessary for humans...Unfortunately we’ve swung like a pendulum in the other direction with FOMO. 

    Our obsession and non-stop consumption of social media has created an unrealistic scale.

    To Combat FOMO you need to think in complete thoughts, rather than incomplete thoughts. Challenge yourself to tell the WHOLE truth  instead of continuing to talk yourself into incomplete truths that feel good for a moment.

    FOMO is fueled by a perspective of scarcity. You come into a situation choosing to think that what you have right now isn’t enough. You associate loss with not getting more. You convince yourself that it isn’t enough to enjoy a night out with your friends. You need drinks, you need alcohol to make it better. 

    When you don’t redirect your thinking and you don’t challenge your FOMO thoughts...it leads to feelings that aren’t going to help you take the actions that will create the results you want in your life. You will keep doing what you’re doing and not changing because your thoughts are fueling the feelings of desire as well as the feeling of anticipated deprivation of not drinking.

    ★ Support this podcast ★