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    Coffee with Samso Episode 169 with Ed Mead, Technical Director of White Cliff Minerals Limited (ASX:WCN)
     
     
     
     
     
    The Rare Earth Story is all about Neodymium and Praseodymium. The search for these two elements are makes the REE sector buoyant but one wonders what the fuss is all about.
     
    How the current demand in the REE sector evolved.
     
    The junior explorers are all talking REE and one can be forgiven that this is becoming a never ending story. Samso has seen many stories on the Coffee with Samso platform and other platforms over the last two years. In my opinion, the REE story is one that is more about being strategic than anything else.
     
    When COVID came along and then China started to flex its muscles, that created the awakening of nationalism. Prior to that event, there was no doubt that the global industries were happy with sharing work, Globalisation. The REE sector was and still is a sector that is dominated by China. They have a lot of it and they make the products that use these metals.
     
     
     
    It is becoming increasingly clear now that this dominance is not going well. The emergence of China being the next "Power Brothers" may have awaken world thinking that this is not a good idea. I remember doing some Rooster Talks with people at the early stage of the "Pandemic" and we mentioned about the probability that the world could find alternative markets. Looking at it now two years on, this appears to be playing itself out.
     
    REE is in Demand
     
    The demand of REE is really about the permanent magnets. There is no need to explain the technical information as I am sure that is all over google. What I feel is in play, especially in Western Australia is the geological advantage of having a lot of these metals and in the right jurisdiction.
     
    On top of that, I do feel that there is a strong possibility that an industry could be created in Australia for Australians. Looking at the the flow of business in the Lithium sector with the building of the Tianqi Lithium Hydorxide plant in Kwinana, there is optimism that a downstream industry could be created that will supplement the mining of lithium and the REEs. This may lead to other metals but that may be a longer term dream.
     
    Governments are now working with industry and are doing more proactive talking. A few years ago, the most they did was proactive listening. Today, there is sentiment of government actions that are giving companies time to express their wishes.
     
    The White Cliff Story
     
    White Cliff Minerals are one of the many small cap hopefuls that are applying their trade to make a discovery. The company has two main projects, the Yinnetharra (Figure 1) and Hines Hill (Figure 2) project.
     
    In this episode of Coffee with Samso, Ed shares with us what is strategic about the Hines Hill and the Yinnetharra project.
     
     
     
    At the Yinnetharra project, their recent rock chip sample (3,912 ppm TREO with 26% MREO) is clearly indicating mineralisation. It may only be a rock chip but that is a great indication that there is a cooking mechanism in place. You do not need to look very far to realise that this region is now known for REE mineralisation.
     
    Yinnetharra Project
     
    The Yinnetharra Li/REE project consists of two tenement applications, E09/2628 and E09/2641 (Figure 2), within the Gascoyne lithium region, located about 100km northeast of Gascoyne Junction and 85km south of Hastings Rare Earths (ASX:HAS) world-class Yangibana rare earths project.
     
     
     
    Figure 1: White Cliff Minerals Limited Yinnetharra project tenement location.
     
    The understanding of what it takes to make a hard rock REE project work cannot be underestimated. White Cliff Minerals have two projects tha
     
    The Yinnetharra project is in a very hotly contested region of the Gascoyne Province where you have Hastings Technology Metals Limited (ASX: HAS) (Figure 3) building a plant to support their REE resource.
     
     
     
    Figure 3: Map showing location of Yangibana deposits and planned site infrastructure. (Source Hasting Website: December 22022 Quarterly Activities Report)
     
    Hines Hill Project
     
    The Hines Hill REE project consists of one tenement granted tenement (E70/5875) within the Yilgarn region, located 20km west of Merredin and along the Great Eastern Highway. The project area is underlain by granites of the Yilgarn craton, with multiple SW/NE trending dykes transecting the license.
     
    The project area contains two large aeromagnetic anomalies which may be indicative of carbonatite intrusives. In addition, sampling by the GSWA in the Yilgarn craton defined a strong REE anomaly in the vicinity of the aeromagnetic anomalies. It is therefore believed that the project area may host previously unknown carbonatite intrusives with REE mineralisation potential.
     
     
     
     
    Figure 4: Hines Hill project.
     
    What I like about White Cliff is the location and the understanding that logistics, the ability to exit, is clear. The two projects are greenfield but they are located geologically that have not been walked over. The early signs from drilling and rock chip sampling have been encouraging .
     
    As many people who have followed me, I am a fan of mineral exploration. The White Cliff story is a great example of having the ability to develop its own story. The Gascoyne province was largely unknown with some gold and base metal exploration in the past.
     
    Today, it is a hype of activity for Rare Earths. There have been some significant discoveries recently so the proof of mineralisation is now completed. White Cliff will take a while to develop its story but that is mineral exploration. It has a low market capitalisation and that will keep the punters happy.
     
     
     
     
    Figure 5: White Cliff Minerals price chart. (Source: Commsec)
     
     
    Samos's Conclusion
     
    As the general market have come back over the last six months, I think this is a great time to have a close look at stories like White Cliff. I know that there have been may other stories but I know the management and they are doing people. What investors need to understand is that as a shareholder, it is all about the story and management.
     
    From the investing point of view, I like the projects and the potential it may bring. The REE sector is hard and as Ed mentioned, it is all about the unlocking of the flow sheet. When this ability to unlocked the downstream process, I firmly believe that there will be a shift in controls of the REE market.
     
    The world needs efficiency in less emission technologies and the components of the REE sector is the main player. As I always say, we are in the transition of a global industrial shift.
    There are more advanced projects to look at and I am by no means saying that the White Cliff story is the only one. The placement of your investment faith will be really about your risk appetite and your patience.
     
    Chapters:
     
    00:00 Start
    00:20 Introduction
    01:23 Edward Mead
    02:25 About the recent announcement
    05:23 Why was the Yinnietharra area overlooked?
    09:43 How should investors position for the REE Sector?
    14:54 Hines Hill
    16:54 What are the upsides?
    19:20 Can the rare earths conversation be sustained?
    22:42 View on the market for 2023
    27:20 News flow
    29:07 Why White Cliff Minerals?
    29:49 Conclusion

    Recent Episodes from Coffee with Samso

    OD6 Metals Limited (ASX:OD6): The Path To Production - 2024

    OD6 Metals Limited (ASX:OD6): The Path To Production - 2024

    As we close off 2023, what a better way to end with Coffee with Samso Episode 193 is with Brett Hazelden, Managing Director and CEO of OD6 Metals Limited (ASX: OD6).

    The Rare Earth story is now reaching a stage where it is now all about the chemistry. Most followers of the sector are now assuming and accepting that companies will report minerals resources that will be large enough to sustain any operations.

    What is unknown is the cost of the chemistry that will bring in the revenue and profits at the end of the exercise. I think in this episode of Coffee with Samso, Brett Hazelden makes a very compelling case for the OD6 Metals story. There is a lot of confusion in the market in terms of what is the end game for these clay rare earth projects.

    Brett is a metallurgist and he comes from experience when he talks about the downstream process. For those viewers who are pondering about the Rare Earth sector, this is a must watch episode of Coffee with Samso.

    Samso Conclusion

    As many of you who have followed the Samso platform, you would have been watching a lot of Rare Earth stories lately. There is no doubt that the rare earth industry is very complicated and confusing which is primarily being fuelled by a cloud of uncertainty on the future. This is something that I had as well but you would have heard me mention this very often, recently, that the trip to the rare earth conference in Canberra has pretty much cleared it up for me.

    My optimism that was derived from the conference is not an indication that the sector is going on a bull run. My thoughts are that the reality of a strong future for the demand of rare earths will be very profitable for the companies that stick to their work and are able to sustain their path with funding.

    The ability to attract funding over the period is critical. In some ways, you could look at the this time of the market as a reset of the rare earth story, in terms of valuation. This is the time to do your DYOR. For all investors, if the commodity boom is around the corner and the rare earth metals are part of that run, then you would want to do some good research now.

    Chapters:

    00:00 Start

    00:20 Introduction

    01:03 2023 recap

    03:32 Understanding the chemistry

    07:14 Lowering the costs of production

    09:45 Discussion about ESG

    11:27 What is driving the economics of these clay projects?

    15:46 Difference between Australia and South America - grade and processing route?

    19:38 Takeaways from the Canberra REECon

    26:16 What’s on the cards for 2024?

    32:03 Discussion about the rare earth market price

    35:14 News flow

    36:04 Final thoughts

    39:46 Conclusion

    Venture Minerals Limited (ASX: VMS) - A Different Australian Rare Earth Story - The Jupiter Project.

    Venture Minerals Limited (ASX: VMS) - A Different Australian Rare Earth Story - The Jupiter Project.

    Coffee with Samso 192 has Andrew Radonjic talking Rare Earths at the Jupiter project.

    Venture Minerals Limited (ASX: VMS) is now at the crossroads of emerging as a Rare Earth player in what is a complex and ultimately future-proofing sector. I labeled Venture Minerals as a Targeted Diversified Mineral Explorer in my very first interview with Andrew Radonjic, the Managing Director way back in October 2020, and this is another prime example of that business approach.

    The rare earth sector has had a lot of attention in the last 24 months and like all commodities, it is going through turbulent times. Samso has had the greatest privilege to have interviewed many of these stories over time and I see Venture Minerals as an interesting change to the current scene

    On the back of the recent announcement by Venture Minerals on the 29th of November 2023, entitled Jupiter Delivers over 7,000 ppm TREO assays from Maiden RC Drill Program, the company has raised additional funding to work on the project. In the current market, this is a strong vote of confidence for the potential of the Brothers REE project.

    In this episode, Andrew Radonjic shares with us his thoughts on the project and a good insight into the facts of the recent drilling results. In combination with the historical exploration activities, the picture of why Venture Minerals feels this project will have a future is material for viewers.

    Check out the conversation with Andrew Radonjic below:

    Samso's Conclusion

    As I have mentioned, we have had a good amount of content that is related to the rare earth sector, and my thoughts, which are consistent with most commentators, is that every REE project is unique. The key is what is at the bottom line of the project. Does it make money when the cookie crumbles?

    The Jupiter target is a clay-hosted rare earth project and as Andrew mentioned, there has been little metallurgical work done but these days, we are very comfortable assuming that it is a typical clay-hosted ree system. I don't think that this is a unique clay-hosted system but what will make it different is the logistical and the potential grade and tonnage.

    The other point of difference is a different social license. Most of the other projects have to deal with private landowners and the existence of the population. It may not be obvious now but I think in the long run, the bottom line will be noted.

    This is not to say that the others will not make money. As I measure the landscape for this sector, the companies that are left standing in the long term will be big winners. Fresh investors with more money in the bank will go a long way to becoming a long-term player.

    Chapters:

    00:00 Start

    00:20 Introduction

    00:54 What is happening with the Jupiter REE Target?

    03:56 Does alkaline intrusion play a part in Jupiter?

    06:50 Progress on the drilling at Jupiter

    14:11 What sets VMS apart from the others?

    25:17 Comments for existing shareholders

    29:37 Why did the recent new investors buy into the VSM Story?

    30:57 News flow

    33:34 Conclusion

    Heavy Rare Earths Limited (ASX: HRE) - Preparing for 2024.

    Heavy Rare Earths Limited (ASX: HRE) - Preparing for 2024.
    Richard Brescianini, is back with Coffee with Samso Episode 191 and sharing with us the path forward with Heavy Rare Earths Limited (ASX: HRE).
     
    I have always said that Richard Brescianini, the Executive Director of Heavy Rare Minerals Limited, is the best person when it comes to understanding how the Rare Earth sector functions. Richard has had decades of experience within the sector and in this Coffee with Samso, he shares with us what is happening with HRE and what is the path forward in 2024.
     
    The rare earth sector is undergoing some reality checks and as investors look around, there are only a real handful of companies left that can be considered as real contenders. There is a rush to go to Brazil to chase the so-called "ionic" projects but what everyone has to consider is what will be the economics of the business.
     
     In this episode, Richard and I discuss what makes the business work. The metal extraction is critical and we know the answer is acid. The more acid we use, the more metals we get out. The cost of the acid extraction is a big hurdle but don't forget all the other aspects of the business. 
     
    Australian Clay Rare Earth projects may appear to be lacking in properties that are beneficial to having a good REE project, but they have lower jurisdiction risks, and hence the cost of having a sustainable infrastructure becomes challenging. Projects need to have consistency in all aspects of the deposit, such as metallurgical factors and grade.
     
    We also discussed the other projects such as Duke and Perinjori. There was some exploration news on Duke and we had a good discussion on the merits of the project.
     
    Samso's Conclusion
     
    This Rare Earth sector requires investors and companies to have a long-term view of commercialisation. We all know that the challenge in working on clay rare earth projects has been a long road and very challenging. There have been many comments that the outcome for the companies promoting these projects will end in tears. If you have been following the markets you will be swayed with the depressed equity market.
     
    I must admit that I had similar thoughts. My thoughts are whether the demand and the hype would be sustained. I recently attended a Rare Earth Conference in Canberra and I was surprised that I was super attentive over the 3 days. I think I may have only missed one talk. What I took away from that conference was a renewed enthusiasm for the sector.
     
    The main reason is that there appears to have been a lot of money already spent. Furthermore, there seems to be a lot more money that is in place to help create a new downstream chain that is outside China. Before going to the conference, I heard all the talk but one has to take all those noise with some caution.
     
    However, after the conference, I am convinced that the talk is real and the demand for more REE is believable. The establishment of the downstream process is in no way near being completed but the process is there. The amount of money that has been pledged to establish a non-China-aligned downstream chain is staggering. The projected demand for REE for our electrification journey appears to ensure the longevity of companies such as HRE.
     
    Hence, my opinion for those who are interested in this sector should DYOR and look into what is happening behind the noise you hear from the general stream of news. Spend some time and look into what is happening in the real REE world.
     
    Chapters:
     
    00:00 Start
    00:20 Introduction
    01:10 Cowalinya Exploration Target
    06:03 Could the geology create issues for your Exploration Target at Cowalinya?
    09:05 All about the Duke Project.
    14:03 Do you think Duke could have a different REE chemistry?
    17:24 New Project - Perenjori
    22:32 Discussion about the clay-hosted space
    27:21 A second supply chain for the rare earths market?
    37:58 What are the immediate goals for HRE to monetise the business?
    44:17 What could disrupt the planning?
    47:21 What should investors be looking out for?
    52:05 Conclusion

    New World Resources Limited (ASX: NWC) - High Grade Copper Story - Antler Project.

    New World Resources Limited (ASX: NWC) - High Grade Copper Story - Antler Project.
    Coffee with Samso Episode 189 is with Mike Haynes, Managing Director and CEO of New World Resources Limited (ASX:NWC).
     
    The last time we spoke to New World Resources Limited (ASX:NWC) the story was about getting mining happening. Today, we hear that the mining process is in place and while they are going through the paces, they are chasing very compelling exploration targets.
     
    There are very few to no stories on the Australian Stock Exchange (ASX) that is flavoured copper not to mention high-grade copper. The Antler project by all accounts in the copper mineral exploration industry is a technically strong project. It is probably better categorised as a near-producer story now as the company moves into the mine planning stage.

     

    Samso's Thoughts
     
    New World Resources, as I have stated earlier, is a no-brainer for making a strong DYOR company on your watchlist. The bearish sentiment in the market which has depressed equity pricing in the small-cap sector is a blessing in disguise for new players into New World Resources.
     
    For existing shareholders, it may be a good time to average down. I remember my Coffee with Samso with Rick Rule (Commodities and Equities: Advice from Rick Rule - Episode 70) where he talked about the story of when he had bought Paladin Energy Limited (35:54 Rick and Paladin - The story of Investing in Mineral Explorers) all the way to 1c because he believed in his own conviction of the quality and the factual truth of the project and the company management.
     
    For those people who sat through all the Coffee with Samso episodes with Mike Haynes, you would see the consistency of the conversation. The technical aspect of Antler is rare in this industry. The Golden Grove VMS deposit in Western Australia would be something that Antler should be compared to, in terms of technical attributes and potential.
     
    For those people who are entertaining the idea of learning more about New World Resources, please feel free to send me an email and I will forward it to Mike Haynes. I strongly encourage dialogue with management as they are more than happy to take the time to go through your queries.
     
     
    Check out this Coffee with Samso with Mike Haynes from New World Resources Limited.
     
    Chapters:
     
     
    00:00 Start
    00:20 Introduction
    01:15 Updates from New World Resources
    02:24 The resource value
    03:17 Upsides to the Antler exploration
    05:33 Discussion about the recent scoping study
    08:07 Discussion about Porphyries
    10:36 The mining strategy
    14:30 VMS belt clusters
    20:16 The Javelin Project
    23:48 The next set of drilling
    27:45 Discussion about current commodities
    30:20 Exceptional IP anomalies
    37:29 Any possible risks?
    40:34 News flow
    43:38 Why should investors look at New World Resources?
    45:03 Conclusion

    Heavy Rare Earths Limited (ASX: HRE) - Mineral Resource Upgrade | Coffee With Samso Ep. 190

    Heavy Rare Earths Limited (ASX: HRE) - Mineral Resource Upgrade | Coffee With Samso Ep. 190
    Coffee with Samso Episode 190 is with Richard Brescianini, Executive Director of Heavy Rare Earths Limited (ASX: HRE).
     
    The journey to understand the ins and outs of the Rare earth sector has been sparse over the last two years. The sudden rise of the REE sector is a perception that has been shrouded with a lack of understanding.
     
      
    Samso's Conclusion
     
    Heavy Rare Earths Limited is slowly ticking the boxes to go towards producing a Rare Earth product which will ultimately bring revenue to the company. The upgrade of the Mineral Resource has effectively allowed HRE to show that they have the means to be a major player.
     
    Richard Brescianini has made it very clear that the final grade going into the plant will be Tier 1. Richard is one person who has seen all the issues and he will be able to see the hurdles coming for all the players in this sector. His experience will be the critical measure when HRE travels down the line of finding buyers for their product.
     
    This Coffee with Samso has some very important thoughts from Richard and I recommend proponents that want to learn the business end of the REE sector, get comfortable and settle in for a lesson.

     

    Chapters:
     
    00:00 Start
    00:20 Introduction
    01:07 Richard update
    03:08 An upgrade in resource and grade.
    06:21 A natural mineralisation cut-off.
    06:47 What investors need to understand about resource grade and mill grade.
    07:43 Are there more high-grade pods in your project?
    12:03 Grade/Thickness and Grade/Tonnage Curve
    17:08 Is there a sweet grade spot in the project?
    19:06 Metallurgical Flow Sheet
    20:21 New metallurgical drilling samples.
    21:37 Aim to produce a mixed REE carbonate for potential customers.
    22:27 Giving reasons for potential customers to invest in HRE.
    22:59 Strategy to Brand HRE to potential customers.
    24:21 Branding HRE as a real REE producer.
    25:46 The market of REE, the upside, the current price of REE, and why it's rising.
    29:25 What is the sweet sustainable price for REE?
    30:38 Upgrade in Mag REE for HRE.
    31:29 The importance of Magnetic REE.
    32:39 Recovery results tend not to change very much.
    33:29 Other projects.
    34:49 Exploration Target for Cowalinya - Pending
    35:10 Why buy HRE?
    37:43 Focus should be on the Business.
    38:59 Conclusions

    Riedel Resources Limited (ASX: RIE) - The Kingman Project - Update.

    Riedel Resources Limited (ASX: RIE) - The Kingman Project - Update.
    In this episode of Coffee with Samso 188, we have David Groombridge, CEO of Riedel Resources Limited (ASX: RIE) sharing with us an update on Exploration activities at the Kingman Project.
     
    The Riedel Resources story is one of the few real exploration plays on the Australian Stock Exchange (ASX). In this episode of Coffee with Samso, David Groombridge gives us a quick update on the project and what shareholders and potential investors should be looking out for in the coming months.
     
    Listen to our coffee conversation with Mike Bohm and David Groombridge here:
     
    Tune in to the Riedel story here.
     
    Chapters:
     
    00:00 Start
    00:49 Update from David Groombridge.
    01:22 Any new Learnings at The Kingman project.
    02:24 The Tintic - Jims Structural Corridor.
    03:19 Any resemblance to Mineral Park?
    05:04 What is the Exploration strategy now?
    06:25 Exploration is a long-term proposition.
    07:32 Any issues with regulatory issues?
    08:04 What would make Investors worry and celebrate the Riedel story?
    09:25 Any potential acquisition in play?
    10:27 When will the resource come out?
    10:48 Conclusion

    The Father of the Argyle Diamond Mine - The Largest Diamond Mine in the World.

    The Father of the Argyle Diamond Mine - The Largest Diamond Mine in the World.
    n terms of a significant mineral discovery in Australia, one cannot go past the search for the Argyle Diamond Mine in the Kimberley Region of Western Australia. The Argyle Diamond Mine discovery was the first of its kind in every aspect of the project.
     
    Episode 115 of Samso Insights is all about Ewen Tyler and how he narrates a discovery of a lifetime.
     
    Ewen Tyler is the man who is credited as the "Father of the Argyle Diamond Mine". I will have to say that as much as all Discovery Journeys is a team game, there had to be a driver and a man to take the heat.
     
    The diamond project was the biggest, had the best grade, was the first major diamond deposit discovery in Australia, and most importantly, it was the first diamond discovery outside the cartel of De Beers and the Russian Federation.
     
    A History of the Argyle Diamond Mine
    (Wilipedia)
     
    The Argyle Diamond Mine (Figure 1) was a diamond mine located in the East Kimberley region in the remote north of Western Australia. Argyle was at times the largest diamond producer in the world by volume (14 million carats in 2018[1]), although the proportion of gem-quality diamonds was low. It was the only known significant source of pink and red diamonds (producing over 90% of the world's supply), and additionally provided a large proportion of other naturally coloured diamonds, including champagne, cognac, and rare blue diamonds.
     
    Mining operations ceased in November 2020, after 37 years of operations and producing more than 865 million carats of rough diamonds. Mine operator Rio Tinto plans to decommission the mine and rehabilitate the site at least through 2025.[2][3]
     
    The Argyle diamond mine is also notable for being the first successful commercial diamond mine exploiting a volcanic pipe of lamproite, rather than the more usual kimberlite pipe; much earlier attempts to mine diamonds from a lamproite pipe in Arkansas, United States, were commercially unsuccessful. The Argyle mine is owned by the Rio Tinto Group, a diversified mining company that also owns the Diavik Diamond Mine in Canada and the Murowa diamond mine in Zimbabwe.
     
     
     
     
     
    Figure 1: The Argyle Diamond Mine.
    Argyle _ The Impossible Story of Australian Diamonds","target":"_blank","rel":""}}},"VERSION":"9.14.3"}">
    My Fascination for Diamonds and Diamond Exploration
     
    This episode of Samso Insights will go down as one of my favorites. It was a great privilege to have had access to a story like that of Ewen Tyler. The greatness of his achievement is his ability to keep the search for a diamond source alive for so long. I have been a big fan of diamond exploration since I started my Honours Thesis at the University of Western Australia.
     
    In fact, if my memory serves me correctly, I had a great interest in gems even before my time at University. As Ewen put it perfectly, "Only Fools Will Explore for Diamonds". This statement is in fact very common with people who have had the taste of diamond exploration. It is probably safe to say that only passionate explorers will appreciate the hardship that diamond explorers had to go through with little to no reward.
     
    There is not much to elaborate here except to tell readers to settle in and listen to what is arguably one of the best stories about persistence and gamesmanship to persist with the search for a "potential" diamond discovery.
     
    The interview has been largely guided by the book by Stuart Kells entitled " Argyle - The Impossible Story of Australian Diamonds". When I did the Samso Insight about the discovery of the Olympic Dam, I did not have the information about the business side of the process. This book by Stuart Kells gave a great narrative on the Boardroom aspect of the journey.
     
    To Purchase the book click on our Amazon Affiliate link:

     

    Samso's Conclusion
     
    The diamond exploration industry is pretty much non-existent today. I think there is one company that may be active in the industry worth mentioning. The industry is now all about the existing miners as the flare of exploration is now too expensive. In the business of mineral exploration, the risk-reward ratios are now not even worth discussing.
     
    The Arglye story is inspired by the famous pink diamond but as Ewen Tyler spells it out, there was no consideration of these stones. The success of Argyle was the marvels marketing the value of the stones which made the mining process work.
     
    In my opinion, there is nothing more beautiful than a good coloured stone (Figure 2). There will be many narratives out in the public space that will argue that a quality white will forever be better, but a beautiful stone is one that makes a statement. It is about what the stone shoes and the history that it comes from that creates the value. If you watch this interview, you will get the sense that the value of the argyle stones was all about the Argyle story.
     
     
     
    Figure 2: A range of Argyle's best.
     
     
    Chapters:
     
    00:00:00 Start
    00:00:15 Introduction
    00:01:00 The Ewen Tyler Story - The beginning
    00:13:02 Rex Prider Factor
    00:14:46 Start of the search for diamonds in Australia
    00:17:21 Introduction of Rio Tinto
    00:18:22 Path to Ellendale
    00:20:14 Business of Ellendale
    00:20:52 Discovery of diamonds in Smoke Creek
    00:21:25 Bringing context into the search area
    00:22:16 Team Argyle
    00:24:41 Arrangement with the Western Australian Government
    00:28:27 The Rio Tinto Lifeline
    00:29:42 Early signs of the discovery of Argyle
    00:31:34 Waiting Game - The Process and The Secrecy Game
    00:33:53 Ewen earned the title of The Father of Argyle Diamond Mine
    00:37:02 Arriving at Argyle
    00:38:05 Unbelievable Grade of Diamonds
    00:39:43 Smoke Creek and Limestone Creek - First sighting of the Argyle Pink Diamond
    00:40:42 The Mythical Value of the Pink Diamonds for Argyle
    00:42:50 Economic Study of the Argyle Diamond Mine
    00:43:17 Funding the mining of Argyle Diamonds
    00:50:08 First Nation Discussions
    00:53:47 The Birth of the Marketing Gunnies of the Argyle Diamonds
    01:00:31 Webb Diamond Project
    01:01:28 Other sources of diamond projects
    01:03:49 Ewen Thoughts on Mineral Exploration
    01:05:34 Importance of the Team in Mineral Exploration
    01:07:04 Is there an Impossible Exploration Discovery?
    01:08:53 Conclusion

    Mount Ridley Mines Limited (ASX:MRD) - The Mount Ridley REE Project - The Next Stage.

    Mount Ridley Mines Limited (ASX:MRD) - The Mount Ridley REE Project -   The Next Stage.
    Episode 187 of Coffee with Samso is with Guy Le Page, Non-Executive Director of Mount Ridley Mines Limited (ASX: MRD). Mount Ridley is now at the business end of the Rare Earth journey.
     
    Mount Ridley Mines is now focusing on the flow chart of the REE business. This is the money end, can you make the processing part cash flow positive?
     
    When I had my first Coffee with Samso with Guy Le Page, in July 2022 (Mount Ridley Mines Limited (ASX:MRD) - A Rare Earth Story.), it became evident that the company had a strong focus on optimising its flow chart. The company was confident in its ability to achieve the desired tonnage and grade, but its primary emphasis was on the final stage.
     
    In my view, one of the major benefits for companies like Mount Ridley is their project's location in the Esperance region. Numerous discussions have highlighted the region as the ideal site for the government to establish a Rare Earth Hub.
     
    Check out the conversation in this Coffee with Samso and, as I always encourage, DYOR.
     
     
     
    Chapters
     
    00:00 Start
    00:20 Introduction
    01:10 Updates on the Mia Project
    02:45 Beneficiation Results
    03:55 Leach Test Results
    04:59 Is Mia the main focus of Mount Ridley?
    06:01 Mia prospect air-core drilling
    06:37 Discussion about the soft REE market
    09:05 Q&A from the public
    09:19 Is MRD still going to list on the Frankfurt Exchange?
    09:46 What is MRD’s strategic roadmap beyond 2023?
    10:59 How is MRD taking a position for success amongst Esperance peers?
    11:59 Is using HCL costly? And what about government grants?
    13:03 Has MRD determined the controls in the clay-hosted REE project?
    15:24 Prediction of the path of the REE market as we move forward
    17:01 What makes MRD stand out?
    18:20 Discussion about the REE market
    20:17 Conclusion
     
     
    Samso's Conclusion
     
    When investing in the Clay Rare Earth sector, it is crucial to consider the economic viability of the processing flow sheet, and, while the industry has yet to determine its profitability, this does not mean it won't become a viable option. However, it is important to acknowledge that the industry is still in its early stages, and there will be a steep learning curve filled with uncertainty.
     
    The industry has successfully identified the process of leaching out the Rare Earth Elements (REE), but the economic outcome in terms of profitability remains uncertain. The REE sector, including both hard rock and "Clay/ionic/alluvial" types, has gained attention in investment circles due to recent geopolitical developments.
     
    China's dominance in this sector is widely recognised and understood. The previous discussion on REE in the investment community was short-lived in 2010, as the market experienced rapid fluctuations. However, the current rise of the REE sector has shown more resilience, having been present for a couple of years, largely due to the new "cold war" with China.
     
    Balancing the REE sector will require time, and investors in this sector must cultivate patience, akin to the patience required for fishing. It is frustrating to continually emphasize that mining projects are measured in terms of years to decades, while investors, particularly new ones, expect quick results within weeks or months.
     
    Unfortunately, such quick results are unlikely to occur. Regarding Mount Ridley, they have a solid strategy, and recent results indicate a viable business. However, the investment community needs to learn to be patient and learn to "PARK" their money.

    Impact Minerals Limited (ASX: IPT) - A Developing Australian HPA Story.

    Impact Minerals Limited (ASX: IPT) - A Developing Australian HPA Story.
    In Episode 186 of Coffee with Samso, Dr Mike Jones, the Managing Director of Impact Minerals Limited (ASX: IPT), educates us on the ins and outs of the HPA business.
     
    The HPA (High Purity Alumina) story for Impact Minerals is now all about the economic process of making HPA. There are no longer any questions on the tonnage or the grade. In simple terms, the company is at the business end of the mineral resource sector.
     
     
     
     
    One of the key aspects of understanding Impact Minerals is to have a clear view of the company's business. Impact is in the business of HPA and what that means is that it needs to deliver High Purity Alumina in the 3N or 4N level (Figure 1).
    The HPA business detailing the different products and the potential income. (Source: Impact Minerals Limited). | Coffee with Samso | Samso
     
     
     
    When considering companies like Impact Minerals, the initial association is often with mineral exploration. However, it is important to view Impact from a fresh perspective. In this episode, Dr. Mike Jones discusses the company's current focus on the Pre-Feasibility Study (PFS) phase, which aims to determine the profitability of the Lake Hope HPA project. This shift in focus highlights Impact's commitment to reaching a stage of financial success, distinguishing it from the negative reputation often associated with mineral exploration companies.
     
     
    Samso's Conclusion
     
    Impact Minerals is a company that often goes unnoticed despite its promising projects. Currently, they are actively promoting the Lake Hope project, which has been discussed extensively by Mike during the past two Coffee with Samso sessions. It is evident that the Lake Hope HPA project holds significant value for the company.
     
     
    It is worth mentioning that Impact Minerals' Broken Hill project was among the six projects worldwide selected for the prestigious BHP Xplor program. On 17th of January 2023, the company issued a release providing further details about their participation in the BHP Xplor program.
    BHP Xplor, an accelerator program introduced by BHP in August 2022, is designed to help provide participants with the opportunity to accelerate their growth and the potential to establish a long-term partnership with BHP and its global network of partners.
    Impact received up to US$500,000 in cash payments from BHP over the next six months and gained access to a network of internal and external experts to help guide development in the technical, business, and operational aspects of the company.
     
    This means that the management of Impact demonstrated credibility by successfully participating in and gaining acceptance for the Broken Hill project. This is a significant achievement, as only six recipients were chosen for this program, indicating a high level of quality.
     
    While the market trader may perceive Impact Minerals' market capitalisation of 34.37M as high, there is an underlying value that will yield positive results in the future. The Arkun project, which we discussed in a recent episode of Coffee with Samso, is located in a jurisdiction occupied by Tier-1 resource companies like Anglo-American. This provides strong evidence of its prospectivity (Figure 2).
     
    The Arkun project and its neighbours. ( Source: Impact Minerals Limited)| Coffee with Samso | Samso
     
     
     
     
    The Lake Hope project is currently in the "Feasibility" stage, and the initial excitement surrounding it has diminished in the market. However, this does not undermine the value that Impact Minerals is creating for its shareholders.
     
    There are two aspects of Impact Minerals that I appreciate. Firstly, the Lake Hope project is undeniably the company's flagship at the moment. Secondly, there is potential for significant growth from the Arkun and Broken Hill projects.
     
    Tune in to Mike's thoughts here.
     
    Chapters:
     
    00:00 Start
    00:20 Introduction
    01:20 Updates from IPT
    02:16 Economical parameters that make an HPA project viable
    05:56 All about High Purity Alumina
    07:54 The Cost Curve Analysis
    11:23 Discussion about entry into the HPA market
    12:43 The HPA space after the commodity market softening
    14:07 The market for HPA
    16:04 The Arkun Project
    20:51 The Forward Plan
    24:52 Is Lake Hope is still the Perfect Orebody?
    25:33 How should investors view Impact?
    26:55 Why should investors believe that Impact will deliver the end story?
    29:00 With the current interest rate trend, is it a good time for companies like Impact Minerals?
    30:55 Why should investors invest in Impact Minerals?
    31:48 Conclusion

    A Forgotten Gold Porphyry System in Kalgoorlie - Riversgold Limited.

    A Forgotten Gold Porphyry System in Kalgoorlie - Riversgold Limited.
    Coffee with Samso Episode 184 is with Julian Ford, CEO of Riversgold Limited (ASX: RGL) updating us on Riversgold's exploration activities since the last conversation in March 2023.
     
    In our previous conversation, we discussed Riversgold Limited as a lithium explorer that I found interesting. One of the reasons I liked them is because they were among the few companies actively engaged in genuine mineral exploration for lithium. It's important for people to understand that the recent discoveries in the lithium sector have largely come from reevaluating previous exploration efforts. Companies have revisited their drill cores and discovered that the historical drilling had indeed encountered pegmatites.
     
    Samso is not begruding of the success of these companies, such as the Mount Holland Lithium project, which is now privately owned and operated by Covalent Lithium. Riversgold, on the other hand, continues its exploration activities in search of valuable lithium-bearing pegmatite.
     
    What I find interesting about Riversgold is their Northern Zone project. When I was researching this topic, I initially found their release titled Farm-in to Significant Porphyry Hosted Gold Project a bit confusing because the project had yielded promising results.
     
    The company is proceeding cautiously to ensure the reliability of these results, which I believe demonstrates prudent management. Julian, in particular, discusses the project and takes a measured view of its potential.
     
    What does Porphyry mean?
     
    Here is a description of what a porphyry deposit means from Earth Science Australia:
     
    The major products from porphyry copper deposits are copper and molybdenum or copper and gold. The term porphyry copper now includes engineering as well as geological considerations; It refers to large, relatively low-grade, epigenetic, intrusion-related deposits that can be mined using mass mining techniques.
     
    Geologically, the deposits occur close to or in granitic intrusive rocks that are porphyritic in texture.
     
    There are usually several episodes of intrusive activity, so expect swarms of dykes and intrusive breccias. The country rocks can be any kind of rock, and often there are wide zones of closely fractured and altered rock surrounding the intrusions.
     
    As is described following, this country rock alteration is distinctive and changes as you approach mineralization. Where sulphide mineralization occurs, surface weathering often produces rusty-stained bleached zones from which the metals have been leached; if conditions are right, these may redeposit near the water table to form an enriched zone of secondary mineralization.
     
    Figure 1: A schematic diagram of the basic structure of a porphyritic profile. | Coffee with Samso | Samso
     
     
     
     
    What is the significance of a Porphyry deposit?
     
    Based on my experience, it is quite rare to find a fertile porphyry that contains only gold. Most porphyry deposits are typically associated with copper. However, Julian informs us that their system at the Northern Zone is devoid of any other metals and is solely a gold system. When we examine the historical drilling results, we can observe significant depth of mineralization, and the grades fall within the range of atypical mineralised porphyry gold system.
     
    Julian has mentioned that they are currently awaiting the results from their recent drilling program. These results will help confirm the assay content and determine if there is any false enrichment present (see below).
     
     
    It will be fascinating to see the assay numbers and gain a better understanding of the potential of this project. The core samples from the drilling program appear to be in excellent condition, which further adds to the anticipation of the assay results.
     
    Listen to Julian Ford here:
     
     
    Chapters:
     
    00:00 Start
    00:20 Introduction
    01:03 Updates from Riversgold
    02:57 The Gold Porphyry story
    11:22 Metallurgical Cyanide Bottle Roll Test Results
    13:37 How did the Northern Zone Project fly under the radar for so long?
    19:34 Mt Weld Project
    20:54 How should shareholders look at Riversgold?
    23:04 Newsflow
    23:50 Is the Porphyry story the main focus of Riversgold?
    25:26 Why Riversgold?
    26:03 Conclusion
     
    Samso's Conclusion
     
    The Riversgold story is an evolving narrative, and I appreciate the adventurous spirit of their projects. Julian impresses me as a composed and strategic individual who possesses a deep understanding of his work. When examining the Northern Zone project, the drilling results are remarkable and align with the expectations for a sizable deposit with low-grade bulk tonnage.
     
    According to the Visual Capitalist, porphyry deposits are very large, polymetallic systems that typically contain copper along with other important metals. Much of today’s mineral production depends on porphyries: 60% of copper, 95% of molybdenum, and 20% of gold comes from this deposit type.
     
    The Bingham Canyon Mine, located in Utah and owned by Rio Tinto and in production since 1906, annually produces approximately:
    • 300,000 tons of copper
    • 400,000 oz of gold
    • 4,000,000 oz of silver
    • 30,000,000 lbs of molybdenum
    The value of the resources extracted to date from the Bingham Canyon Mine is greater than the Comstock Lode, Klondike, and California gold rush mining regions combined.
     
    So as you can see above, the magnitude of finding a deposit of this nature in a Tier-1 jurisdiction like Western Australia is going to make Riversgold appreciate in market capitalisation.