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    • History of Presidential InaugurationsThe presidential inauguration is a significant event in American history, marking the peaceful transfer of power every four years, with unique experiences and challenges throughout history, including the 2021 inauguration during a global pandemic.

      The presidential inauguration in Washington D.C., which takes place every four years during the third week of January, is a significant event in American history. It's a time when people from all over the country come together to celebrate the peaceful transfer of power. This historic moment, which has occurred since George Washington's first inauguration in 1789, has taken place during times of war and peace, prosperity and uncertainty, and strong unity and deep division. The 2021 inauguration of Joe Biden, held amidst a global pandemic and heightened security measures, was a unique and surreal experience for those in attendance and those reporting on it. As executive editor of National Geographic History Magazine, Amy Brix has been researching the history of inaugurations and shares that the process of installing a newly elected president began before Washington D.C. was even the capital.

    • George Washington's Inauguration and Farewell Address: Unity and the Importance of the National UnionGeorge Washington's inaugural and farewell addresses emphasized unity and the importance of the national union. Washington's decision to step down after two terms set an inspiring example for leaders. Today, maintaining national unity remains crucial.

      George Washington's first inauguration in New York City in 1789 set the precedent for all future presidents to deliver an inaugural address, emphasizing unity and the importance of the national union. Washington's decision to step down after two terms, as seen in his farewell address in 1796, served as a reminder of the fragility and value of the republic and the importance of unity to maintain it. This message holds relevance today, especially in light of recent events that have tested the unity of the nation. Washington's integrity in relinquishing power despite popular support serves as an inspiring example for leaders. The transformation of Washington D.C. in the lead up to the inauguration, with heightened security measures, is a stark reminder of the ongoing importance of national unity.

    • Unprecedented Security and Shocking Damage at the 2021 InaugurationThe 2021 inauguration was marked by heightened security due to the pandemic and Capitol riots, leaving the city quiet and deserted. Local photographer Louie Poulud found the damage inflicted on the Capitol more severe than historical events, highlighting the importance of preserving democratic institutions.

      The 2021 inauguration was unlike any other, with unprecedented security measures due to the pandemic and the January 6th Capitol riots. Photographers, who have covered various significant events, described the city as eerily quiet and deserted. The destruction at the Capitol was particularly shocking for local photographer Louie Poulud, who had witnessed violence in Afghanistan and Mexico. He believed the damage inflicted on the Capitol was more severe than previous historical events, as it targeted the symbolic heart of American democracy. The inauguration, which usually brings a sense of unity and national pride, was muted and marred by these events. The aftermath of January 6th continues to resonate, reminding us of the importance of preserving the democratic institutions that unite us, despite our differences.

    • The events leading up to the Capitol insurrection can be traced back to several key moments in 2020.Lincoln's call for unity, COVID-19 protests, Trump's doubt in democratic process, and a photographer's road trip exposed deep-rooted issues leading to the Capitol insurrection.

      The events leading up to the January 6th Capitol insurrection can be traced back to several key moments in 2020. Abraham Lincoln's call for "the better angels of our nature" serves as a poignant reminder of the importance of unity and preserving democratic processes. Photographer David Gootenfelder's documentation of the COVID-19 pandemic and the protests over police brutality provided a unique perspective on the bitter divisions and questioning of the democratic process in the United States. When President Trump publicly cast doubt on the democratic process, it felt like something unimaginable, but David's experience covering conflicts and elections around the world prepared him to recognize the potential for unrest. David's road trip from Minneapolis, the site of George Floyd's death and the start of protests, to Washington D.C., highlighted the grassroots efforts to preserve memorials and the deep-rooted issues that contributed to the tensions leading to the Capitol insurrection.

    • Divisions persist despite peaceful inaugurationA Trump supporter in rural Wisconsin expressed concern about the loss of a common moral core and the likelihood of continued protests, despite the peaceful inauguration of President Biden and Vice President Harris, who made history as the first black, Asian American, and female vice president.

      The inauguration of President Joe Biden and Vice President Kamala Harris marked a significant milestone in American history, but the country remains deeply divided. The speaker shared his observations from rural Wisconsin, where he saw remnants of the bitter election divisions. He met a Trump supporter who disagreed with the attack on the Capitol but supported the right to protest. The supporter expressed concern about the loss of a common moral core and the likelihood of continued demonstrations. Despite tensions, the inauguration went peacefully and orderly, and Kamala Harris made history as the first black, Asian American, and female vice president. The speaker acknowledged that it's too early to predict how history will remember this period, but noted the importance of the milestone and the ongoing divisions.

    • Unity and the Importance of Coming Together as AmericansPresident Biden's inaugural address emphasized unity and the importance of coming together as Americans, drawing parallels to past presidents and the enduring significance of the peaceful transfer of power in the US.

      Unity was a central theme in President Biden's inaugural address, emphasizing the importance of coming together as Americans despite our differences. Nina Berman expressed her disappointment that the usual celebrations surrounding the inauguration were muted due to the pandemic, but she and her family had a personal celebration at home. Historically, good inaugural addresses often address times of crisis and call for unity. Biden's speech echoed past presidents like Washington, Lincoln, and FDR, urging an end to division and encouraging empathy and understanding. The enduring significance of the peaceful transfer of power in the United States, which has continued for over 200 years, was also highlighted. Despite the changing political landscape throughout history, the importance of unity and coming together as a nation remains a constant.

    • Peaceful transfer of power in AmericaEvery 4 years, Americans come together to peacefully transfer power, showcasing our nation's resilience and unity, rooted in faith to our forebears' ideals. Listen to past inaugural addresses, read articles on transitions, and subscribe to Overheard for more insights.

      Despite the political differences and beliefs, every four years, Americans come together to peacefully transfer power, demonstrating the resilience and unity of our nation. This tradition, which has continued for over 2 centuries, underscores the importance of remaining faithful to the ideals of our forebears. To delve deeper into this topic, check out our show notes for articles on past inaugural addresses, Amy McKeever's piece on presidential transitions, and Nina Berman and David Gootenfelder's coverage of President Biden's inauguration and the events leading up to it. Don't forget to subscribe to Overheard and listen to our episode with photographer Andrea Bruce about the meaning of democracy. This episode was produced by Jacob Pinter, with senior editing by Eli Chin, audio editing by Devar Arndalon, fact checking by Julie Beer, and copy editing by Amy Kowlzak. Ted Woods sound designed and engineered the episode, and Hans Dale Hsu composed the theme music. Special thanks to the White House, the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library, and the Richard Nixon Presidential Library for the archival tape in this episode. Overheard is a production of National Geographic Partners.

    Recent Episodes from Overheard at National Geographic

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    Trapped in the icy waters of the Northwest Passage
    For centuries, the Northwest Passage, the long-sought sea route connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans through northern Canada, was a holy grail of Arctic exploration. Even now, sailing through it isn’t guaranteed. Mark Synnott, a National Geographic Explorer, writer, and adventurer, attempted to sail his own boat through the Northwest Passage to retrace the doomed 1845 expedition of British explorer Sir John Franklin. None of the Franklin expedition’s 129 men made it home, but what exactly happened remains a mystery.   For more information on this episode, visit natgeo.com/overheard. Want more? Get the inside scoop on Mark’s Northwest Passage voyage and see gorgeous photos in the August issue of National Geographic. Watch Explorer: Lost in the Arctic, premiering August 24 on National Geographic and streaming the next day on Disney+ and Hulu. And to go even deeper, Mark will tell the full story in his book Into the Ice, coming fall 2024 from Dutton, an imprint of Penguin Publishing Group. Also explore: On paper, Sir John Franklin’s expedition seemed to lack for little. There were ironclad ships, steam engines, libraries totaling 2,900 books, and even animal companions—two dogs and a monkey. Here’s how it all went wrong. Explore another polar expedition gone wrong—Shackleton’s expedition to Antarctica aboard Endurance—in the Overheard episode “What the Ice Gets, the Ice Keeps.” Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

    Playback: Modern Lives, Ancient Caves

    Playback: Modern Lives, Ancient Caves
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    Playback: This Indigenous Practice Fights Fire with Fire

    Playback: This Indigenous Practice Fights Fire with Fire
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    Playback: Rooting, from Into the Depths

    Playback: Rooting, from Into the Depths
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    Playback: Ancient Orchestra

    Playback: Ancient Orchestra
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    Playback: A Skeptic's Guide to Loving Bats

    Playback: A Skeptic's Guide to Loving Bats
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    How queer identity shapes Nat Geo Explorers

    How queer identity shapes Nat Geo Explorers
    Why would a scientist brave the stench of a car full of rotting meat on a 120-degree day? What can a unique whistling language teach us about humans’ connection to the natural world? And how does queer identity shape the research of National Geographic Explorers? In this episode celebrating Pride, we hand the mic to two Explorers: Christine Wilkinson, who studies hyenas and other large carnivores and created the TikTok series “Queer is Natural,” and Rüdiger Ortiz-Álvarez, whose soundscapes from the Canary Islands encourage us to slow down and listen to the world around us. For more information on this episode, visit natgeo.com/overheard. Want more? Why do some people prefer LGBTQIA+ instead of LGBT? See how society’s understanding of diverse sexual identities and gender expressions has grown more inclusive—and so has the acronym used to describe them. Before the Nazis rose to power, a German institute cemented itself as gay liberation’s epicenter. Discover the great hunt for the world's first LGBTQ archive. Although a large group of LGBTQ people celebrating their sexual orientation in public had been unthinkable just a few years before, the first Pride parades began in 1970 as marches commemorating the 1969 Stonewall uprising. See more National Geographic coverage of Pride at natgeo.com/Pride.  Also explore: Learn more about spotted hyenas, which live in female-led clans of up to 80 individuals. Practice your whistling and head to La Gomera in the Canary Islands, home to the Silbo Gomero whistling language and Garajonay National Park. Find Christine Wilkinson’s “Queer is Natural” series on her TikTok, @scrappynaturalist. And follow along with Rüdiger Ortiz-Álvarez on his Instagram, @rudigerortiz. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

    A Mexican Wolf Pup’s Journey into the Wild

    A Mexican Wolf Pup’s Journey into the Wild
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    Playback: Deep Inside the First Wilderness

    Playback: Deep Inside the First Wilderness
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    She Sails the Seas Without Maps or Compasses

    She Sails the Seas Without Maps or Compasses
    For nearly 50 years, a group of Hawaiians have been sailing on traditional voyaging canoes using the methods that early Polynesian explorers relied on to navigate the Pacific Ocean—without maps and modern instruments, and relying on the stars, ocean waves, birds, and other natural elements to guide them. We meet National Geographic Explorer Lehua Kamalu, the first woman to captain a long-distance voyage on Hōkūleʻa, a double-hulled Polynesian canoe that was built in Hawaii in the 1970s. She describes what it’s like to navigate in incredibly rough waters, what it means to keep Polynesian navigation alive in the 21st century, and about her next big adventure: a four-year circumnavigation of the Pacific Ocean. For more information on this episode, visit natgeo.com/overheard. Want more? Learn about the Polynesian Voyaging Society and their upcoming voyage, Moananuiākea, a 47-month circumnavigation of the Pacific.  Read about Hōkūleʻa’s 2022 journey to Tahiti, which involved traveling 3,000 miles over three weeks.  Also explore:  A small number of people speak ‘ōlelo, Hawaii’s native language, which teetered on extinction during the mid-20th century. Learn about how some young Hawaiians are using TikTok and Instagram to make the language more accessible.  Hear Nat Geo Explorer Keolu Fox on a previous Overheard episode share how he’s working with Polynesian and Indigenous communities to study how their genomes have been shaped by history and colonialism, and how that data can help them reclaim land and improve health outcomes for their communities.  Visit National Geographic for more stories throughout Asian American Pacific Islander Heritage Month. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

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    Ep. 150: Congress & The Constitution: The Leadership

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