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    • Understanding Men's Role in Challenging Beauty StandardsMen can challenge societal pressures and expectations of beauty by promoting a more inclusive and body-positive culture.

      Beauty culture affects everyone, including men, and it's important for men to understand the complexities and potential harm it can cause. The study of human attractiveness, known as calology, reveals that beauty has no biological significance and is not a predictor of reproductive success. Yet, we continue to spend time and resources on it, often due to societal pressures and expectations. Men, as allies, can help challenge these gender ideals and promote a more inclusive and body-positive culture. So, next time you put on lipstick or step on a scale, remember that your appearance doesn't define your worth. Instead, focus on the things that truly matter, like kindness, empathy, and understanding.

    • The Harmful Impact of Our Obsession with Physical AppearanceSocietal pressures fuel our obsession with appearance, causing harm, particularly for women, and benefiting the $1 trillion beauty industry.

      Our obsession with physical appearance and the beauty industry is causing harm, particularly for women, and it's important to question why we prioritize these ideals. Renee Engeln, a psychologist and author, shares her journey of discovering this topic while in graduate school. She was disturbed by the language used to describe women in therapy and the energy they were putting into their appearance instead of focusing on bigger issues. Engeln argues that this focus on appearance is not their fault, but rather a result of societal pressures. The beauty industry, worth over $1 trillion, profits immensely from this obsession. The discussion covers various aspects of this issue, including body image, the LGBTQ+ community's perspectives, old-timey beauty rituals, and psychological experiments. Engeln encourages us to open our minds to the impact of these beauty standards and consider the bigger picture.

    • Impact of societal beauty standards on individualsSocietal beauty standards affect individuals of all backgrounds, leading to feelings of inadequacy and self-objectification, which can be complexly intersected with socioeconomic status, race, gender identity, and sexual orientation.

      The pressure to conform to societal beauty standards affects individuals across various demographics and backgrounds, leading to feelings of inadequacy and self-objectification. This issue transcends cultures and is not limited to rich white women. Denis Diderot's concept of the "wit of the staircase" illustrates how defensiveness and confusion can arise when one's sense of self-worth is challenged based on their appearance. Renee Engeln, a researcher in this area, refers to this phenomenon as objectification theory, where individuals are reduced to their physical attributes and are expected to prioritize others' happiness over their own. The intersectionality of this issue is complex, as it intersects with socioeconomic status, race, gender identity, and sexual orientation. Ultimately, it's essential to recognize that everyone, regardless of their background, experiences the impact of beauty culture in unique yet relatable ways.

    • Pressures of beauty impact women differently based on race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic statusSocietal pressures to conform to European beauty standards can lead to negative outcomes, including anxiety, depression, and disordered eating behaviors for women, particularly those of African descent.

      Societal pressures around beauty, particularly for women, are complex and multifaceted, intersecting with issues of race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. African American women, for instance, face significant pressure to conform to European beauty standards for hair, often spending large amounts of time, money, and enduring discomfort and pain. Beauty culture also extends beyond physical appearance, influencing attitudes towards body image, skin color, and even mental health. Media, including fashion magazines and social media, have historically played a major role in perpetuating these pressures, but they are also reinforced through everyday conversations and societal norms. Ultimately, the pressure to conform to beauty standards can lead to negative outcomes, including anxiety, depression, and disordered eating behaviors. It's important to recognize that these pressures are not empowering, but rather a harmful lie that can distract women from focusing on other areas of their lives.

    • The complex origins of the obsession with women's physical beautyEvolution and cultural influences have shaped our obsession with women's physical beauty, leading to societal norms and individual self-perception impacts. Understanding these origins can help challenge harmful beauty standards and promote body positivity.

      The obsession with physical beauty, particularly in women, is a complex issue rooted in both evolution and cultural influences. Men have historically displayed their worth through various means, but the focus on women's appearance has intensified over time. The availability of mirrors and the rise of advertising have amplified this obsession, leading to significant impacts on individuals' self-perception and societal norms. Evolutionary pressures may have made humans more attuned to women's fertility, but the extent to which this has influenced our culture is a subject of ongoing debate. Ultimately, understanding the origins and implications of this phenomenon can help us challenge harmful beauty standards and promote greater body positivity.

    • The Evolution of Beauty StandardsThroughout history, beauty standards have shifted due to technological advancements and societal changes, impacting individuals' perceptions of attractiveness and confidence.

      The standard of beauty has evolved significantly throughout history, from artistic portraits to modern media, with mass advertising introducing increasingly unrealistic standards that continue to shift. This is due in part to technological advancements that allow for more manipulation of images. The freedom women have today to dress and expose their bodies as they choose also contributes to the heightened focus on body standards. Researchers quantify attractiveness through various methods, including average ratings of images, but individuals' perceptions of their own attractiveness are subjective and can change frequently. Confidence and attractiveness are related, but not entirely dependent on each other. The discussion also touched on the role of social media and research studies in shaping our understanding and experience of beauty standards.

    • The pressure to conform to societal beauty standardsSocietal beauty standards can lead to anxiety, low self-esteem, and mental health issues, especially for young girls and non-binary individuals. It's important to challenge these harmful norms and encourage self-acceptance and confidence.

      The cultural pressure on women to be beautiful for others rather than for themselves is a complex issue. While some women find enjoyment and empowerment in their beauty routines, others feel compelled to conform to societal standards due to fear of judgment and rejection. The beauty industry, through advertising and marketing, perpetuates this illusion of choice and reinforces unrealistic beauty standards. The impact of these messages can be particularly harmful to young girls and non-binary individuals, leading to anxiety, low self-esteem, and even mental health issues. It's important to recognize and challenge these harmful beauty norms and encourage women to embrace their natural beauty and feel confident in their own skin.

    • Societal pressures impact women's choices on appearanceSocietal expectations influence women's decisions on appearance, leading to potential misconceptions about personal choice and the potential cost of prioritizing appearance over other pursuits

      Societal pressures can influence women's choices regarding their appearance, leading to the belief that these choices are entirely their own. RNs, for instance, are expected to spend significant time and money on their appearance before work, while female MDs face no such pressure. This discrepancy highlights the importance of acknowledging the role of external factors in shaping our decisions. Confidence, a common reason given for investing time and resources into appearance, is closely linked to how we perceive ourselves in the world. However, it's essential to consider the root causes of this confidence and the negative impacts of societal standards on women. The time and money spent on appearance could be used for other pursuits, and it's worth experimenting with different choices to determine their true value in our lives.

    • The societal pressure on women to conform to beauty standardsWomen spend hours and thousands annually on beauty treatments and products due to societal expectations, hindering their careers and personal growth.

      The pressure on women to conform to societal beauty standards, often through the use of makeup and other beauty treatments, is a significant time and financial investment that disproportionately affects women in various industries. Ally Wise, a TV host, shares her personal experience of spending hours in the makeup chair before work while her male co-hosts do not. This issue is not unique to the TV industry, as American women spend an average of 55 minutes getting ready each day and $3,000 a year on beauty treatments and products. The societal expectation to look a certain way, often fueled by media and social media, results in a significant time commitment and financial burden that can hinder women's careers and personal growth. Despite progress towards body positivity and inclusivity, the tide of societal expectations and the ease of access to image manipulation tools continues to make it a challenging issue to overcome.

    • Embrace self-care and body positivityChallenging negative habits and focusing on self-care can lead to better health and well-being, rather than perpetuating negative body images.

      Individuals have the power to improve their own world by challenging negative habits and shifting their focus towards self-care and body positivity. Feeling bad about one's body doesn't lead to better health, but rather the opposite. It's essential to recognize that our bodies are not performance art for others to evaluate, but things we can take care of. The line between self-care and pathological obsession may differ for everyone, and it's crucial to consider if one's efforts are causing impairment in daily life. Old stereotypes, such as linking ugliness with villainy, contribute to perpetuating negative body images, and it's essential to challenge these harmful beliefs.

    • Media representation and lack of diversity in writers' roomsThe lack of diversity in writers' rooms contributes to problematic portrayals of women, particularly in regards to body image and fat shaming. More women writers and acknowledgement of complexities are needed for sensitive media representation.

      Media representation matters, and the lack of diversity in writers' rooms contributes to problematic portrayals of women, particularly in regards to body image and fat shaming. The discussion highlighted the issue of "Love Actually" and its treatment of Natalie, who was not even overweight but was still subjected to fat shaming. The conversation also touched upon the need for more women writers and the importance of acknowledging and addressing the complexities of human experiences, rather than simplistic solutions like telling people to "be confident." The statistics presented revealed that a significant number of TV shows lacked diversity in their writing rooms, with regard to race, gender, and possibly LGBTQ+ identities. It was suggested that people's different reactions to these issues stem from a lack of understanding of others' experiences and the desire for easy solutions. The conversation emphasized the need for ongoing discussions and efforts to promote greater representation and sensitivity in media.

    • The pressure to conform to societal beauty standards can lead to negativity and exhaustionShift focus away from appearance to inner qualities for a healthier, more inclusive culture

      Our obsession with appearance and the pressure to conform to societal beauty standards can lead to negative self-comparisons, jealousy, and even nastiness towards others. This pressure exists across all genders and identities, and it can be exhausting to constantly perform and meet these expectations. The beauty industry's financial success, driven by influencers and celebrities, only adds to this pressure. To create a healthier and more inclusive culture, we should aim to shift our focus away from appearance and towards inner qualities. This doesn't mean ignoring our appearance entirely, but rather, not making it the main event. The rise of contouring and other beauty trends can be seen as a performance, and it's important to recognize the exhaustion that comes with constantly meeting these expectations. We can all work towards creating a world where beauty is a side note, and we value each other for who we are beyond our physical appearance.

    • Pressure to stay young can lead to 'death while alive'Societal pressure to look young can lead to negative self-criticism, loss of confidence, and damaging stereotypes. Embrace aging and value people for who they are.

      Societal pressure to maintain a youthful appearance, fueled by easily accessible celebrity beauty standards and perpetuated through media imagery, can lead women to feel like they've experienced a "death while alive" as they age. This pressure can result in a focus on external appearance over internal worth, leading to damaging self-criticism and a loss of confidence. The constant emphasis on looking younger rather than embracing the natural aging process can have detrimental effects on individuals and perpetuate harmful stereotypes. It's essential to challenge these expectations and shift the focus towards appreciating and valuing people for who they are, regardless of their age.

    • Societal beauty standards cause discomfort and limit mobilitySocietal beauty standards require women to endure painful or uncomfortable practices, impacting their physical comfort and ability to move freely. These practices, such as high heels and extensive hair removal, are deeply ingrained in our culture and disproportionately affect women.

      Societal beauty standards often require women to wear or use products that cause pain or discomfort, such as high heels or extensive hair removal. This not only impacts their physical comfort but also their ability to move freely and react quickly in potentially dangerous situations. These practices are deeply ingrained in our culture, and while some women may choose to adhere to these standards, it's important to question why they exist and consider the potential consequences. Additionally, these practices disproportionately affect women, as men are not typically asked to endure similar limitations for the sake of beauty. This discussion also touched on the history of hair removal and the increasing pressure to remove body hair due to changing fashion trends and societal norms.

    • Media's Role in Shaping Beauty StandardsMedia's manipulated images can lead to feelings of inadequacy, reinforcing societal beauty standards, which change over time due to cultural influences, evolutionary factors, and fashion industry incentives. Recognize media's impact and strive for a more inclusive understanding of attractiveness.

      Our brains are wired to compare ourselves to idealized images in media, even when we know they're altered. This comparison process can lead to feelings of inadequacy, and our fascination with the manipulated images can keep us engaged and reinforcing societal beauty standards. Beauty standards change over time due to a combination of cultural influences, evolutionary factors, and the fashion industry's financial incentives. While there have been debates about the role of mathematical concepts like pi and the golden ratio in measuring beauty, the evidence supporting this idea is not conclusive. Ultimately, it's essential to recognize the impact of media on our perceptions of beauty and strive for a more inclusive and realistic understanding of what is attractive.

    • Preferences for facial features and neotenous traits vary across culturesBeauty standards are complex and deeply ingrained, evolving over time, and can differ greatly between cultures

      While there is evidence for preferences for certain facial features and neotenous traits being considered attractive, the standards for beauty are not universal and can vary greatly from culture to culture. Some practices from the past, like foot binding and waist training, may seem extreme by today's standards but are not that different in concept from current beauty trends. The body acceptance movement is making strides towards challenging conventional beauty standards, but it faces an uphill battle. Additionally, people's perception of their appearance can differ between mirrors and photos due to familiarity and camera distortion. Overall, beauty standards are complex and deeply ingrained, and they continue to evolve over time.

    • Self-acceptance and compassion for womenAcknowledging societal pressures and expectations, embracing non-binary gender roles, and practicing self-compassion can lead to positive change for women.

      Self-acceptance and compassion are powerful tools for women in navigating societal pressures and expectations surrounding body image and gender roles. While there are still many challenges and obstacles, the acknowledgment and movement towards non-binary gender roles can bring about positive change. However, the journey towards self-acceptance can be difficult, and it's essential to remember that everyone's experiences are unique. Empathy and compassion towards oneself and others are crucial in creating a more inclusive and accepting world. Additionally, the speaker expressed her dislike for grading in her job, but overall, she loves the teaching aspect and connecting with people.

    • Measuring and Analyzing Data Reveals Compelling StoriesAnalyzing data, even in abstract areas, can lead to valuable insights and challenge societal norms. Ask smart questions, be curious, and follow animals on Instagram for mood manipulation.

      Data, no matter how small or seemingly insignificant, can tell compelling stories when analyzed. Rene Descartes or Ed Thorndike once said, "If something exists, it exists in some amount. And if it exists in some amount, it can be measured." This concept, applied to various fields including psychology and media research, can lead to valuable insights. Our guest, Dr. Alie Ward, shares her fascination with this idea and how it has influenced her work, particularly in her book "Beauty Sick: How the Cultural Obsession with Appearance Hurts Girls and Women." She encourages asking smart people stupid questions and being curious, as well as following animals on Instagram for mood manipulation and self-confidence boost. Dr. Ward's research demonstrates that measuring and analyzing data can help us understand trends and movements, even in seemingly abstract areas like beauty culture. By embracing this mindset, we can gain new perspectives and challenge societal norms. To learn more about Dr. Ward and her work, check out her book's website or her Instagram account @beauty\_sick. Don't forget to follow dogs for an added mood boost!

    • Letting go of tools or habits that cause distressIf a tool or habit negatively impacts mental health, consider letting go in an empowering way, focusing on intrinsic worth and self-acceptance.

      If a tool or habit is causing you distress or negatively impacting your mental health, it may be time to let go of it, even if that means destroying it. The speaker shares his personal experience of feeling trapped by a scale that controlled his mood based on his weight, leading him to destroy it. He emphasizes that weight is not an accurate measure of strength or health, and encourages listeners to focus on their intrinsic worth and accept themselves as they are. The destructive act was not just about disposing of the scale, but symbolically breaking free from its hold. So, if you have a scale or any other object that causes you unnecessary stress or negatively affects your self-image, consider letting it go in a way that feels empowering to you. Remember, you are perfect just the way you are.

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    Download the Cicada Safari app at the Apple Store or Google Play Store.

    Check out Gene’s website

    Also see CicadaMania.com, and follow them on Instagram

    A donation was made to Mount Saint Joseph’s cicada research in the School of Behavioral and Natural Sciences

    Full-length (*not* G-rated) Cicadology episode + tons of science links

    More kid-friendly Smologies episodes!

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    OlogiesMerch.com has hats, shirts, masks, totes!

    Follow @Ologies on X and Instagram

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    Sound editing by Mercedes Maitland of Maitland Audio Productions, Jarrett Sleeper of MindJam Media and Steven Ray Morris

    Made possible by work from Noel Dilworth, Susan Hale, Kelly R. Dwyer, Emily White, & Erin Talbert

    Smologies theme song by Harold Malcolm

    Foraging Ecology (EATING WILD PLANTS) Encore with @BlackForager, Alexis Nikole Nelson

    Foraging Ecology (EATING WILD PLANTS) Encore with @BlackForager, Alexis Nikole Nelson

    Mustard gossip. Knotweed recipes. Cow parsnips. Serviceberry appreciation. Hogweed warnings. Dead man’s fingers. The incredibly knowledgeable and entertaining Alexis Nikole Nelson a.k.a. @BlackForager walks us through Foraging Ecology with a ginormous bushel of tips & tricks for finding edibles at all times of the year, from blossoms to fungus. Belly up for this encore detailing invasive snacks, elusive mushrooms, magnolia cookies, mugwort potatoes, violet cocktails, foraging guides, weed trivia and tips to avoid poisonous berries. Also: finding community, history, land stewardship and why foraging is important, empowering and quite tasty.

    Follow Alexis @BlackForager on Instagram, TikTok, X, and Youtube

    A donation went to Backyard Basecamp

    More episode sources and links

    Smologies (short, classroom-safe) episodes

    Other episodes you may enjoy: Indigenous Fire Ecology (GOOD FIRE), Indigenous Cuisinology (NATIVE FOODS), Indigenous Pedology (SOIL SCIENCE), Ethnoecology (ETHNOBOTANY/NATIVE PLANTS), Bryology (MOSS), Mycology (MUSHROOMS), Cucurbitology (PUMPKINS), Carobology (NOT-CHOCOLATE TREES), Pomology (APPLES), Black American Magirology (FOOD, RACE & CULTURE)

    Sponsors of Ologies

    Transcripts and bleeped episodes

    Become a patron of Ologies for as little as a buck a month

    OlogiesMerch.com has hats, shirts, hoodies, totes!

    Follow @Ologies on Instagram and X

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    Editing by Mercedes Maitland of Maitland Audio Productions, Jacob Chaffee, and Jarrett Sleeper of MindJam Media

    Managing Director: Susan Hale

    Scheduling producer: Noel Dilworth

    Transcripts by Aveline Malek 

    Website by Kelly R. Dwyer

    Theme song by Nick Thorburn

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