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    • NPR Podcasts Start a New Initiative: The 'Planet Money Book Club'NPR podcasts like All Songs Considered, 1A, and Pop Culture Happy Hour start a new initiative, inviting listeners to join discussions on the books that have captivated the hosts, exploring history, credit markets, and cultural topics.

      Our favorite podcasts, including All Songs Considered from NPR Music, 1A, Pop Culture Happy Hour, and All Latino from NPR Music, offer a wealth of knowledge and insights beyond what makes it into their episodes. To share some of these fascinating tidbits, the hosts have started a new initiative called the "Planet Money Book Club," where they discuss the books that have captivated them and why. Mary Childs from All Songs Considered is currently reading "American Bond: How Credit Markets Shaped a Nation" by Sarah L. Quinn, which explores the history of America and the role of credit and credit markets in shaping the nation. Other podcasts, like 1A and Pop Culture Happy Hour, also invite listeners to join their conversations and share their own thoughts on the latest books and cultural topics. So, if you're looking for thought-provoking discussions and recommendations, be sure to tune in to these podcasts and join the unofficial book club.

    • The deep relationship between government and finance in AmericaApproximately one-third of all privately held debt in the US is backed by the federal government, and the government's influence extends beyond this through tax incentives.

      The relationship between government and finance in America is deeper and more complex than commonly understood. The book discusses how politicians have used credit markets as an off-budget tool to accomplish their goals, with government participation in the mortgage market being a significant example. This participation dates back to the 1800s, when corporations were viewed as extensions of the government. Today, approximately one-third of all privately held debt in the United States is backed by the federal government, and this doesn't even account for tax incentives that encourage lending. The ways in which the government encourages us to take on credit are vast and far-reaching, shaping the conversation around individualization and the role of corporations in our society. This historical perspective sheds light on the significant degree of government involvement in the American financial system.

    • Understanding Economics and History through Different PerspectivesExploring various perspectives and frames can deepen our understanding of historical and economic events, revealing new insights and implications.

      Our perspectives and priorities shape the way we understand and approach various topics, including economics and history. Mary is currently engrossed in "American Bonds, How Credit Markets Shaped a Nation," which has led her to consider the sociological aspects of finance that she hadn't previously considered. Meanwhile, Lexi is reading "The End of Globalization" by Harold James, published in 2001, which posited that the end of globalization was near due to societal unrest and changing economic dynamics. The discussion highlighted the importance of considering different frames and perspectives when examining historical and economic events. For instance, in the late 1800s, rubber was a valuable resource, and European countries sought to control its production and prices by setting up plantations in Brazil. However, this led Brazil to find new exports, and the same dynamic continues to play out in various contexts. By delving into these books and the historical contexts they provide, both Mary and Lexi have gained new insights into their respective topics and the broader implications of economic and social dynamics. This exchange underscores the value of engaging with diverse perspectives and considering the sociological implications of economic events.

    • Shift in trade strategies due to shipping instabilityCountries are rethinking what they move globally due to supply chain disruptions, leading to a shift towards trading blocks and strategic thinking

      This dynamic, which has been observed for over a hundred years, is currently leading to a shift in trade and supply chain strategies. During times of shipping instability, countries become strategic about what they move around the planet. This concept, which was relevant during the first World War, is being revisited in today's context due to supply chain disruptions. The book, written 21 years ago, predicted the sustainability of globalization, but the current trade landscape shows a break-up into trading blocks and a need for strategic thinking about what is being moved globally.

    • Exploring the Impact of Human Activities on Global BiodiversityHuman activities, particularly climate change and habitat destruction, are causing a mass extinction event that threatens thousands of species. We must reflect on the interconnectedness of all life on Earth and take action to preserve biological diversity for future generations.

      Elizabeth Colbert's "The Sixth Extinction" is a Pulitzer Prize-winning book that explores the impact of human activities on the planet's biodiversity, with a focus on the current extinction event caused by climate change and habitat destruction. The book provides a historical perspective on previous mass extinction events and raises thought-provoking ideas about biological diversity and speciation as a process of isolation. The author's episodic narrative takes readers on a journey around the world, highlighting the human-induced threats to thousands of species and the efforts to preserve their genetic material. The book challenges readers to consider the implications of human-driven globalization on the planet's biosphere and the potential consequences for future generations. Ultimately, it invites us to reflect on the interconnectedness of all life on Earth and the importance of preserving the rich tapestry of biological diversity.

    • The Consequences of a Connected WorldMixing and remixing species, intentionally and unintentionally, leads to new diseases and invasive species, with existential consequences for some organisms, but also creates winners – thriving pathogens and invasive species.

      This process of mixing and remixing species, both intentionally and unintentionally, has resulted in new diseases and invasive species that are having existential consequences for various organisms. However, it's important to note that this phenomenon also creates winners – pathogens and invasive species that are thriving in new environments. Overall, it's a challenging time for many species, but a potentially profitable one for certain markets. The book offers a thought-provoking perspective on the consequences of our increasingly interconnected world.

    • Exploring the world beyond headlines with insightful podcastsDiscover fresh perspectives on current events and scientific discoveries through podcasts like 'Here and Now', 'It's Been A Minute', and 'Shortwave'.

      There are valuable podcasts that offer deeper insights into current events and scientific discoveries beyond the usual headlines. "Here and Now" from NPR and WBUR provides context and analysis on the news stories that matter to us, while "It's Been A Minute" explores the emotional impact of the news cycle. Meanwhile, "Shortwave" from NPR introduces us to unsung women scientists who have made groundbreaking discoveries. Whether you're interested in politics or science, these podcasts offer fresh perspectives and expand our understanding of the world. It's important to look beyond the well-known names and delve deeper into the stories and people shaping our world.

    Recent Episodes from Planet Money

    Do immigrants really take jobs and lower wages?

    Do immigrants really take jobs and lower wages?
    We wade into the heated debate over immigrants' impact on the labor market. When the number of workers in a city increases, does that take away jobs from the people who already live and work there? Does a surge of immigration hurt their wages?

    The debate within the field of economics often centers on Nobel-prize winner David Card's ground-breaking paper, "The Impact of the Mariel Boatlift on the Miami Labor Market." Today on the show: the fight over that paper, and what it tells us about the debate over immigration.

    More Listening:
    - When The Boats Arrive
    - The Men on the Roof

    This episode was hosted by Amanda Aronczyk and Jeff Guo. It was produced by Willa Rubin, edited by Annie Brown, and engineered by Valentina Rodríguez Sánchez. Fact-checking by Sierra Juarez. Alex Goldmark is Planet Money's executive producer.

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    Planet Money
    enJune 29, 2024

    The Carriage Tax (Update)

    The Carriage Tax (Update)
    (Note: A version of this episode originally ran in 2019.)

    In 1794, George Washington decided to raise money for the federal government by taxing the rich. He did it by putting a tax on horse-drawn carriages.

    The carriage tax could be considered the first federal wealth tax of the United States. It led to a huge fight over the power to tax in the U.S. Constitution, a fight that continues today.

    Listen back to our 2019 episode: "Could A Wealth Tax Work?"

    Listen to The Indicator's 2023 episode: "Could SCOTUS outlaw wealth taxes?"

    This episode was hosted by Greg Rosalsky and Bryant Urstadt. It was originally produced by Nick Fountain and Liza Yeager, with help from Sarah Gonzalez. Today's update was produced by Willa Rubin and edited by Molly Messick and our executive producer, Alex Goldmark.

    Help support Planet Money and hear our bonus episodes by subscribing to Planet Money+
    in Apple Podcasts or at plus.npr.org/planetmoney.

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    Planet Money
    enJune 26, 2024

    The Vapes of Wrath

    The Vapes of Wrath
    When the vape brand Juul first hit the market back in 2015, e-cigarettes were in a kind of regulatory limbo. At the time, the rules that governed tobacco cigarettes did not explicitly apply to e-cigarettes. Then Juul blew up, fueled a public health crisis over teen vaping, and inspired a regulatory crackdown. But when the government finally stepped in to solve the problem of youth vaping, it may have actually made things worse.

    Today's episode is a collaboration with the new podcast series "Backfired: the Vaping Wars." You can listen to the full series at audible.com/Backfired.

    This episode was hosted by Alexi Horowitz-Ghazi and Leon Neyfakh. It was produced by Emma Peaslee and edited by Jess Jiang with help from Annie Brown. It was fact checked by Sofia Shchukina and engineered by Cena Loffredo. Alex Goldmark is Planet Money's executive producer.

    Help support
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    Planet Money
    enJune 21, 2024

    Why is everyone talking about Musk's money?

    Why is everyone talking about Musk's money?
    We've lived amongst Elon Musk headlines for so long now that it's easy to forget just how much he sounds like a sci-fi character. He runs a space company and wants to colonize mars. He also runs a company that just implanted a computer chip into a human brain. And he believes there's a pretty high probability everything is a simulation and we are living inside of it.

    But the latest Elon Musk headline-grabbing drama is less something out of sci-fi, and more something pulled from HBO's "Succession."

    Elon Musk helped take Tesla from the brink of bankruptcy to one of the biggest companies in the world. And his compensation for that was an unprecedentedly large pay package that turned him into the richest person on Earth. But a judge made a decision about that pay package that set off a chain of events resulting in quite possibly the most expensive, highest stakes vote in publicly traded company history.

    The ensuing battle over Musk's compensation is not just another wild Elon tale. It's a lesson in how to motivate the people running the biggest companies that – like it or not – are shaping our world. It's a classic economics problem with a very 2024 twist.

    Help support Planet Money and hear our bonus episodes by subscribing to Planet Money+ in Apple Podcasts or at plus.npr.org/planetmoney.

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    Planet Money
    enJune 19, 2024

    What's with all the tiny soda cans? And other grocery store mysteries, solved.

    What's with all the tiny soda cans? And other grocery store mysteries, solved.
    There's a behind the scenes industry that helps big brands decide questions like: How big should a bag of chips be? What's the right size for a bottle of shampoo? And yes, also: When should a company do a little shrinkflation?

    From Cookie Monster to President Biden, everybody is complaining about shrinkflation these days. But when we asked the packaging and pricing experts, they told us that shrinkflation is just one move in a much larger, much weirder 4-D chess game.

    The name of that game is "price pack architecture." This is the idea that you shouldn't just sell your product in one or two sizes. You should sell your product in a whole range of different sizes, at a whole range of different price points. Over the past 15 years, price pack architecture has completely changed how products are marketed and sold in the United States.

    Today, we are going on a shopping cart ride-along with one of those price pack architects. She's going to pull back the curtain and show us why some products are getting larger while others are getting smaller, and tell us about the adorable little soda can that started it all.

    By the end of the episode, you'll never look at a grocery store the same way again.

    Help support Planet Money and hear our bonus episodes by subscribing to Planet Money+ in Apple Podcasts or at plus.npr.org/planetmoney.

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    Planet Money
    enJune 14, 2024

    Bringing a tariff to a graphite fight

    Bringing a tariff to a graphite fight
    Graphite is sort of the one-hit wonder of minerals. And that hit? Pencils. Everyone loves to talk about pencils when it comes to graphite. If graphite were to perform a concert, they'd close out the show with "pencils," and everyone would clap and cheer. But true fans of graphite would be shouting out "batteries!" Because graphite is a key ingredient in another important thing that we all use in our everyday lives: lithium ion batteries.

    Almost all of the battery-ready graphite in the world comes from one place: China. That's actually true of lots of the materials that go into batteries, like processed lithium and processed cobalt. Which is why it was such a big deal when, earlier this year, President Biden announced a tariff package that will make a bunch of Chinese imports more expensive. Included in this package are some tariffs on Chinese graphite. He wants to create a new battery future—one that doesn't rely so much on China.

    In this episode, we get down on the ground to look at this big supply chain story through the lens of one critical mineral. And we visit a small town that realizes that it might be the perfect place to create an American graphite industry. And we find that declaring a new battery future is one thing, but making it happen is another thing entirely.

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    Planet Money
    enJune 12, 2024

    How much national debt is too much?

    How much national debt is too much?
    Most economic textbooks will tell you that there can be real dangers in running up a big national debt. A major concern is how the debt you add now could slow down economic growth in the future. Economists have not been able to nail down how much debt a country can safely take on. But they have tried.

    Back in 2010, two economists took a look at 20 countries over the course of decades, and sometimes centuries, and came back with a number. Their analysis suggested that economic growth slowed significantly once national debt passed 90% of annual GDP... and that is when the fight over debt and growth really took off.

    On today's episode: a deep dive on what we know, and what we don't know, about when exactly national debt becomes a problem. We will also try to figure out how worried we should be about the United States' current debt total of 26 trillion dollars.

    This episode was hosted by Keith Romer and Nick Fountain. It was produced by Willa Rubin and edited by Molly Messick. It was fact-checked by Sierra Juarez with help from Sofia Shchukina and engineered by Cena Loffredo. Alex Goldmark is Planet Money's executive producer.

    Help support Planet Money and hear our bonus episodes by subscribing to Planet Money+
    in Apple Podcasts or at plus.npr.org/planetmoney.

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    Planet Money
    enJune 07, 2024

    The history of light (classic)

    The history of light (classic)
    For thousands of years, getting light was a huge hassle. You had to make candles from scratch. This is not as romantic as it sounds. You had to get a cow, raise the cow, feed the cow, kill the cow, get the fat out of the cow, cook the fat, dip wicks into the fat. All that--for not very much light. Now, if we want to light a whole room, we just flip a switch.

    The history of light explains why the world today is the way it is. It explains why we aren't all subsistence farmers, and why we can afford to have artists and massage therapists and plumbers. (And, yes, people who make podcasts about the history of light.) The history of light is the history of economic growth--of things getting faster, cheaper, and more efficient.

    On today's show: How we got from dim little candles made out of cow fat, to as much light as we want at the flick of a switch.

    Today's show was hosted by Jacob Goldstein and David Kestenbaum. It was originally produced by Caitlin Kenney and Damiano Marchetti. Today's rerun was produced by James Sneed, and edited by Jenny Lawton. It was fact-checked by Sierra Juarez. Engineering by Valentina Rodríguez Sánchez. Alex Goldmark is Planet Money's executive producer.

    Help support Planet Money and hear our bonus episodes by subscribing to Planet Money+
    in Apple Podcasts or at plus.npr.org/planetmoney.

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    Planet Money
    enJune 05, 2024

    How the FBI's fake cell phone company put criminals into real jail cells

    How the FBI's fake cell phone company put criminals into real jail cells
    There is a constant arms race between law enforcement and criminals, especially when it comes to technology. For years, law enforcement has been frustrated with encrypted messaging apps, like Signal and Telegram. And law enforcement has been even more frustrated by encrypted phones, specifically designed to thwart authorities from snooping.

    But in 2018, in a story that seems like it's straight out of a spy novel, the FBI was approached with an offer: Would they like to get into the encrypted cell phone business? What if they could convince criminals to use their phones to plan and document their crimes — all while the FBI was secretly watching? It could be an unprecedented peek into the criminal underground.

    To pull off this massive sting operation, the FBI needed to design a cell phone that criminals wanted to use and adopt. Their mission: to make a tech platform for the criminal underworld. And in many ways, the FBI's journey was filled with all the hallmarks of many Silicon Valley start-ups.

    On this show, we talk with journalist Joseph Cox, who wrote a new book about the FBI's cell phone business, called Dark Wire. And we hear from the federal prosecutor who became an unlikely tech company founder.

    Help support Planet Money and hear our bonus episodes by subscribing to Planet Money+
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    Planet Money
    enMay 31, 2024

    So you've been scammed, now what?

    So you've been scammed, now what?
    We are living in a kind of golden age for online fraudsters. As the number of apps and services for storing and sending money has exploded – so too have the schemes that bad actors have cooked up to steal that money. Every year, we hear more and more stories of financial heartbreak. What you don't often hear about is what happens after the scam?

    On today's show, we follow one woman who was scammed out of over $800,000 on her quest to get her money back. That journey takes her from the halls of the FBI to the fraud departments of some of the country's biggest financial institutions. And it offers a window into how the systems that are theoretically designed to help the victims of financial cybercrime actually work in practice.

    This episode was hosted by Alexi Horowitz-Ghazi and Jeff Guo. It was produced by Willa Rubin and edited by Keith Romer. It was engineered by Neal Rauch and fact-checked by Sierra Juarez. Alex Goldmark is Planet Money's executive producer.

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    Planet Money
    enMay 29, 2024

    Related Episodes

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    Salamander search party

    Salamander search party
    One of the world’s most biodiverse aquifers is full of strange, blind creatures that have evolved in isolation for millions of years. But one is missing. This episode was reported by Benji Jones and Mandy Nguyen, who produced the episode. Editing from Meradith Hoddinott, Katherine Wells, Brian Resnick, and Noam Hassenfeld, who scored the episode. Mixing and sound design from Cristian Ayala. Fact-checking from Richard Sima. For more, go to http://vox.com/unexplainable It’s a great place to view show transcripts and read more about the topics on our show. Also, email us! unexplainable@vox.com We read every email. Support Unexplainable by making a financial contribution to Vox! bit.ly/givepodcasts Learn more about your ad choices. Visit podcastchoices.com/adchoices