mahad wasuge

1-dii January ee sanadkan 2024, Raysal Wasaaraha Itoobiya Abiy Axmed iyo Madaxweynaha Soomaaliland Muuse Biix Cabdi ayaa Is-Afgarad ku saxiixay magaalada Addis Ababa. Inkastoo aanan la faafin is-afgaradka, macluumaadka la helay ayaa sheegaya in Itoobiya muddo 50 sano ah laga kireynayo 20 kilomitir oo dhul ah iyo saldhig ciidamadeeda badda. Soomaaliland ayaa la sheegay in ay ku beddelaneyso ictiraaf ay ka hesho Itoobiya. Dowladda Federaalka Soomaaliya, ururrada gobolka iyo dalal badan ayaa ka hadlay kanasoo horjeestay is-afgaradka.

Podcast-gan waxa ay Dr. Axmed Cali Khayre oo ah Cilmibaare iyo lataliye arrimaha sharciga & Mahad Waasuge ku falanqeynayaan nuxurka is-afgaradka, fasiraadda sharci ee loo sameyn karo, iyo tallaabooyinka sharci ee u furan Soomaaliya. 

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Soomaaliya waxa ay soo martay dagaallo badan; ilaa maantana qeybo kamid ah dalka waxaa ka dhaca dagaallo ay dad badan ku dhintaan. Dib-u-heshiisiin dhab ah iyo is cafin ma dhicin. Is-aaminaadda bulshadana waa mid hooseysa. Dowlad-dhiska Soomaaliyana weli waa mid curdun ah. Maxkamadaha ayaa ku yaalla magaalooyinka iyadoo dadka oo dhan aanay dacwadahooda geysan. Odayaasha dhaqanka ayaa qeyb weyn ka qaata xallinta khilaafyada.

Podcast-gan waxa ay Jaamac Cigaal oo khabiir ku ah arrimaha dib-u-heshinta iyo Mahad Waasuge ku falanqeynayaan sababaha aanay dib-u-heshiisiin dhab ah uga dhicin Soomaaliya iyo dhabbaha ay tahay in loo maro.

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Is-beddel siyaasadeed ayaa ka dhacay magaalada Laascaanood ah caasimadda gobolka Sool. Tan iyo sanadkii 2007, Soomaaliland ayaa maamuleysay magaalada. Dibadbaxyo isku beddelay dagaal oo ka dhashay dilal ka dhacay magaalada ayaa billowday horraantii sanadkan. Muddo ayay magaalada ka jireen dagaallo iyo duqeymo ay dad badan ku dhinteen dad kalena ku dhaawacmeen sidoo kalena kumannaan qoys ku barakeceen. Dhawaan dagaal culus oo ka dhacay duleedka magaalada kadib waxaa gacan kuheynta gobolka Sool la wareegay ciidamada SSC Khaatumo. 

Hoggaamiyaha maamul cusub oo loo sameeyay SSC-Khaatumo Cabdiqaadir Axmed Aw-Cali (Firdhiye) ayaa dhawaan yimid Muqdisho. Madaxa maamulka cusub oo si weyn loogusoo dhaweeyay Muqdisho ayaa la kulmay masuuliyiinta dowladda federaalka.

Podcast-gan waxa ay Dr Cabdifataax Daahir iyo Mahad Waasuge ku falanqeynayaan is-beddelka siyaasadeed ee Laascaanood. Dr. Cabdifataax waa aqoonyahan horey usoo noqday xildhibaan katirsan baarlamaanka federaalka oo metelayay gobollada Soomaaliland. Waxa uu hadda cilmibaare ka yahay Jaamacadda Manchester. 

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Doorasho toos ah oo ay dadweynaha soo doortaan hoggaankooda heer federaal kama dhicin Soomaaliya. Kaa qeybgalka haweenka iyo guud ahaan bulshada ee arrimaha siyaasadeed ee muhiimka ah noloshoodana saameynta weyn ku leh ayaa xaddidan.

Dhawaan Somali Public Agenda iyo Raagsan waxa ay la daabaceen Somali Dialogue Platform labo cilmibaaris oo lagu eegay heerka ka qeybgalka haweenka iyo guud ahaan bulshada ee arrimaha siyaasadeed ee dalka gaar ahaan arrimaha doorashooyinka iyo geeddi-socodka dib-u-eegista dastuurka.

Podcast-gan, oo ay iska kaashanayaan Somali Public Agenda & Somali Dialogue Platform, waxa ay Badra Yuusuf (Agaasimaha Raagsan) iyo Mahad Waasuge (Agaasimaha Somali Public Agenda iyo martigeliyaha Maamul Wanaag Podcast) ku falanqeynayaan nuxurka natiijada kasoo baxday labada cilmibaaris.

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37 sano kadib, Soomaaliya waxaa u buuxsami doonto 100 sano oo dowladnimo ah. Dalka waxa uu xurnimo qaatay 63 sano kahor sanadkii 1960-kii. 30 sano oo ay dowlado rayid ah iyo mid militari dalka maamulayeen kadib, Soomaaliya waxa ay dowladdii ka burburtay sanadkii 1991. Dowladdii ugu horreysay ee aan kumeelgaar ahayn waxaa Muqdisho lagu dhisay sanadkii 2012. Waxaa madaxweyne ka noqday madaxweynaha hadda talada haya ee Xasan Sheekh Maxamuud.

Madaxweynaha ayaa ku howlan Hiigsiga Qarni-jirka 2060. Waxaa hiigsigaas gacanta ku haya la-taliyaha Madaxweyneha ee arrimaha dhaqaalaha oo sido kale ah Agaasimaha Fulinta ee Golaha Dhaqaalaha Qaranka Xasan Aadan Hoosoow.

Qeybtan 30-aad ee Maamul Wanaag Podcast, Xasan Aadan Xoosoow iyo Mahad Waasuge waxa ay ku falanqeynayaan hiigsiga qarni-jirka Soomaaliya ee 2060.

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1-dii August 1998 ayaa si rasmi ah loogu dhawaaqay Puntland. Waxaa u buuxsantay 25 sano. Marxalado kala duwan ayay soo martay Puntland 25-taas sano oo ay shaqeyneysay. Sanadkii 2021 markii ugu horreysay ayay doorashooyin heer degmo  ah oo toos ah ka billowdeen 3 degmo oo katirsan Puntland. 

Podcast-gan waxa ay Cali Xaaji Warsame oo wasiir waxbarasho kasoo noqday Puntland sidoo kalena isku sharraxay madaxweynaha Soomaaliya sanadkii 2017 iyo Mahad Waasuge ku falanqeynayaan  geeddi-socodkii Puntland 25-kii sano ee lasoo dhaafay, marxaladda ay maanta joogto iyo mustaqbalka.

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Dadaallo la xiriira la dagaallanka musuq maasuqa ayaa ka billowday Soomaaliya. Markii ugu horreysay baaritaanno fatash ah oo lagu sameeyay howlwadeenno katirsan dowladda ayaa bulshada lala wadaagay. Xubno katirsan dadka baaritaannada lagu sameeyay ayaa hadda xabsiyada ku jira halka qaar kale oo ka maqan dalkana looga yeeray Maxkamadda Gobolka Banaadir. Dadaalladan ayaa u muuqda kuwo bilow u ah sare-u-qaadista daahfurnaanta iyo maamul wanaagga hay’adaha dowladda. 

Podcast-gan waxaa marti ku ah Dr Cali Ciise oo ah Agaasimaha Horn Economic and Social Policy Institute (HESPI) oo ay xaruntiisu tahay magaalada Addis Ababa. Waxa ay podcast-gan  Dr Cali Ciise iyo Mahad Waasuge ku falanqeynayaan  sida sare loogu qaadi karo hufnaanta iyo maamul wanaagga hay’adaha dowladda Soomaaliya.

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Tan iyo burburkii dowladdii militariga sanadkii 1991, dowladnimada Soomaaliya geeddi-socod dheer ayay soo martay. 23 sano kadib markii dowladdii kumeelgaarka ah ee ugu horreysay lagu dhisay Djibouti, weli hay’adaha dowladda waa kuwo nugul, oo aan adeegyadii looga baahnaa qabanin.  

Podcast-gan waxa ay Dr Axmed Cali Khayre iyo Mahad Waasuge ku falanqeynayaan dhabbaha ay tahay in loo mari dib-u-habeynta hay’adaha dowladda colaadaha kadib. Dr Ahmed Ali Khayre waa cilmibaare iyo lataliye arrimaha sharciga. Shahaadada PhD-da ee sharciga caalamiga ah ayuu Dr Khayre ka qaatay kuliyadda sharciga ee Birkbeck, University of London.

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Xubnaha Madasha Wadatashiga Qaran ayaa guddi farsamo u saaray in ay dib-u-eegis ku sameeyaan heshiiskii Qaab-dhismeedka Amniga Qaranka ee April 2017. Xubnaha guddiga farsamo ayaa kulmay intii u dhexeysay 16 iyo 18 Janaayo 2023, waxa ayna dib-u-eegis ku sameeyeen heshiiskii qaab-dhismeedka amniga qaranka ee 2017. 

Xubnaha Golaha Wadatashiga Qaran oo kulan ku yeeshay magaalada Baydhabo 15-17 Maarso ee sanadkan ayaa saxiixay heshiis cusub ee qaab-dhismeedka amniga qaranka. 

Podcast-gan waxaa lagu  falanqeyneynaa nuxurka heshiiska qaab-dhismeedka amniga qaranka ee lagu saxiixay magaalada Baydhabo. Waxaa marti iigu ah Kamal Gutale oo ah la taliyaha amniga ee Raysal Wasaare Xamsa Cabdi Barre. Waxa uu Kamal sidoo kale kamid ahaa guddigii farsamo ee kasoo shaqeeyay heshiiska.

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Miisaaniyadda dowladda federaalka Soomaaliya ee 2023 ayaa baarlamaanka ku ansixiyay kalfadhi wadajirka ah 28-kii December 2022. Miisaaniyadda 2022-ka waa $977 million, 4.9% ayaa lagu kordhiyey miisaaniyaddii sanadkii 2022 oo ahayd $929.9 milyan. Inkastoo halkudhigga miisaaniyadda sanadkaan uu yahay ‘ku tiirsanaanta awooddeena dakhli’, 68 boqolkiiba miisaaniyadda ($667 milyan) ayaa laga filayaa deeq-bixiyeyaasha oo ku bixinaya taageero mashaariic ($496 milyan ama 50%) iyo kab miisaaniyadeed ($170 milyan ama 17%).  Dakhliga gudaha ee la filayo ayaa ah $283 million, or 29 percent.

26.6% miisaaniyada ayaa loo qorsheeyay gaarsiinta adeegga bulshada; 20% waxay ku bixi doontaa hay’adaha difaaca iyo amniga, halka 17% loo qoondeeyay hay’adaha horumarinta dhaqaalaha.

Podcast-gan waxa ay Farxiya Maxamuud iyo Mahad Wasuge ku falanqeynayaan miisaaniyadda dowladda federaalka ee 2023 ee amniga, adeegyada bulshada, iyo horumarka dhaqaalaha. 

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Bishii October ee sanadkii 2016 ayaa si degdeg ah loo dhisay dowlad-goboleedka Hirahabeelle. Xilligaas, madaxdii dowladda federaalka waxa ay u dedejiyeen dowlad-dhiska si doorashadii dadbaneyd loogu qabto magaalada Jowhar.

Jowhar waxa ay noqotay caasimadda dowlad-goboleedka halka madaxweynahana uu kasoo jeeday gobolka Hiiraan. Iyadoo ay khilaafyo ragaadiyeen maamulka, ayaa bishii Nofeembar 2020 madaxweynaha dowlad- gobolleedka loo doortay Cali Cabdullaahi Xuseen ‘Guudlaawe’ oo kasoo jeeda gobolka Shabeellada Dhexe.

Khilaafyo siyaasadeed ayaa dib-u-dhac ku keenay horumarro badan oo laga sameyn lahaa dowlad-goboleedka. Daraasad ay si wadajir ah dhawaan u daabaceen Somali Public Agenda iyo Somali Dialogue Platform ayaa lagu falanqeeyay caqabadaha heysta dowlad-goboleedka iyo sida loo xallin karo.

Podcast-gan waxa ay  qoraaga daraasadda Farxaan Isaaq Yuusuf iyo Mahad Waasuge ku falanqeynayaan “Heshiiska siyaasadeed ee Hirshabeelle: Fursadaha lagu dhalin karo hannaan siyaasadeed oo loo dhanyahay”. 

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Sanadkii 2021, Puntland waxaa ka dhacay doorashooyin dowladaha hoose oo ka qabsoontay 3 degmo. Waxa ay ahayd markii ugu horreysay oo ay doorasho heer degmo ah ka dhacdo Puntland. Qorshihii ahaa in doorashada laga qabto degmooyinka haray dib ayuu u dhacay. Madaxweynaha Puntland Saciid Cabdullaahi Deni ayaa ahaa musharrax madaxweyne doorashadii madaxweynaha dalka ee dhacday bishii May ee sanadkii hore. Muddo xileedka madaxweynaha oo 5 sano ah ayaa ay hal sano ka harsan tahay.

Podcast-gan waxa ay Mahad Waasuge iyo Feysal Qaran oo ah madaxii hore ee Dallada Bulshada Rayidka ee Puntland  ku falanqeynayaan  doorashooyinka heer degmo iyo heer dowlad-goboleed ee Puntland, dadaallada socda, caqabadaha iyo xalka.

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Dastuurka Federaalka ee Soomaaliya waxa si kumeelgaar ah loo ansixiyey 10 sano kahor 1-dii Ogosto 2012. Sanadihii u dhexeeyay 2013 ilaa 2016, ilaa 4 dowlad-goboleed ayaa la dhisay balse maqaamka caasimadda weli lama caddeynin.

Qodobka 9-aad ee dastuurka ayaa sheegaya in arrinta maqaamka caasimadda lagu xallin doono xeer baarlamaan, balse 10 sano kadib, baarlamaanka horumar weyn kama sameynin arrinkan. Maqaamka Muqdisho waxa ay kamid tahay arrimaha taagan oo dib u dhigaya qabya-tirka dastuurka iyo dhameystirka qaab-dhismeedka federaalka.

Dhawaan Somali Dialogue Platform iyo Somali Public Agenda waxa ay wada daabaceen faallo qoto-dheer ee uu cinwaankeedu yahay ‘Xulashooyinka lagu xallin karo maqaamka Muqdisho’. Faallada waxa ay soo bandhigtay saddex xulasho oo midkood lagu xalin karo maqaamka Muqdisho.

Podcast-gan oo aan iska kaashaneyno Somali Dialogue Platform waxaa lagu falanqeynayaa  nuxurka warbixinta iyo qaababka kala duwan ee loo qeexi karo maqaamka caasimadda. Waxaa marti ku ah Cismaan Muxudiin Macallin (Shaatax) oo madax u ah dallada ururrada bulshada rayidka ee SONSA iyo Iimaan Nuur Iikar oo horey usoo noqday guddoomiye kuxigeenka gobolka Benaadir. 

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Soomaaliya markii ugu horreysay waxa ay nidaam federaaal si kumeelgaa ah u qaadatay sanadkii 2004. Madaxweynihii ugu horreeyay ee Puntland oo la dhisay sanadkii 1998 ayaa noqday madaxweynihii dowladdii federaalka kumeelgaarka ee lagu dhisay Kenya sanadkii 2004. Kadib sanado badan oo lagu howlanaa qoridda dastuur federaal ah, Dastuurka Federaalka ee Soomaaliya waxa si kumeelgaar ah loo ansixiyey 10 sano kahor 1-dii August 2012. Sanadihii u dhexeeyay 2013 ilaa 2016, ilaa 4 dowlad-goboleed ayaa la dhisay.

Balse arrimo muhiim u ah qabya-tirka dastuurka iyo dhameystirka qaab-dhismeedka federaalka ayaanan weli laga heshiinin oo ay kamid tahay sida awoodaha fulinta loogu qeybnayo heerarka kala duwan ee dowladda.

Dhawaan Somali Dialogue Platform iyo Somali Public Agenda waxa ay wada daabaceen faallo qoto-dheer ee uu cinwaankeedu yahay ‘Xulashooyinka awood qeybsi ee nidaamka federaalka Soomaaliya’. Faallada waxa ay soo bandhigtay saddex nooc oo awood qeybsiga loo nidaamin karo.

Podcast-gan waxa aan ku falanqeyneynaa nuxurka warbixinta iyo nooca awood qeybsi ee ku habboon Soomaaliya. Waxaa marti ku ah Maamul Wanaag Podcast Axmed Cabaas (Gacma-gaab) oo ah la taliyaha arrimaha federaalka ee madaxweyne Xasan Sheekh iyo Abukaate Cumar Maxamed Cabdulle (Dhagey) oo la taliye sare arrimaha talinta sharciga (rule of law) ee xafiiska Raysal Wasaaraha. 

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Somalia first formally adopted a federal model in 2004 with the establishment of the Transitional Federal Government. Since then, federalism has been deepened and clarified with the adoption of the Provisional Federal Constitution in 2012 and the subsequent formation of the country’s Federal Member States (FMS). 

However, important parts of Somalia’s federal model remain undefined, including agreement on a model for fiscal federalism. This is a critical pillar of the federal architecture, as it ultimately defines the level of autonomy Federal Member States will have in relation to the Federal Government of Somalis (FGS). This makes the fiscal federalism model a contentious issue, with FMS seeking to maximize their autonomy and the FGS seeking to assert greater control. 

The Somali Dialogue Platform and Kulan Consulting recently published a policy paper outlining options for fiscal arrangements within Somalia’s federal model. In this episode, Hodan Osman, a co-author of the policy paper, and Mahad Wasuge discuss the options for agreeing on a fiscal arrangement and the political processes necessary to address this contentious issue.

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Dastuurka Federaalka ee Soomaaliya waxa si kumeelgaar ah loo ansixiyey 10 sano kahor 1-dii August 2012. Sanadihii u dhexeeyay 2013 ilaa 2016, ilaa 4 dowlad-goboleed ayaa la dhisay. Balse arrimo muhiim u ah qabya-tirka dastuurka iyo dhameystirka qaab-dhismeedka federaalka ayaanan weli laga heshiinin sida Maqaamka Muqdisho, awood qeybsiga, federaaleynta nidaamka maaliyadda, nooca garsoorka, naqshadda amniga qaranka iyo arrimo kale. 

Dhawaan Somali Dialogue Platform iyo Somali Public Agenda waxa ay wada daabaceen faallo qoto-dheer ee uu cinwaankeedu yahay ‘Soo nooleynta wada-xaajoodka arrimaha siyaasadda ee la isku hayo’. Faallada waxa ay soo bandhigtay hannaan loo dhan yahay ee looga wada hadli karo loogana heshiin karo arrimaha la xiriira federaalka ee uu khilaafka ka jiro. 

Podcast-gan oo aan iska kaashaneyno Somali Dialogue Platform waxa ay Maxamed Keynaan iyo Mahad Waasuge ku falanqeynayaan  nuxurka warbixinta iyo habka wada-xaajoodka ee lasoo jeediyey.

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Bishii May ee 2017, madaxda dowladda federaalka iyo dowlad-goboleedyada ayaa Naqshadda Amniga Qaranka ugasoo heshiiyey shir ka dhacay London. Balse inta laga fuliyey heshiiskaas ayaa aad u kooban. 

Shan sano kadib, bishii May 2022, madaxweyne Xasan Sheekh ayay labada gole ee baarlamaanka doorteen. Dagaallo ay qeyb ka yihiin Macawiisleey ayaa sidoo kale ka billowday qeybo kamid ah Soomaaliya.

Somali Dialogue Platform (Madasha Wadahadalada Somaaliyeed) oo ah mashruuc uu fuliyo Machadka Rift Valley ayaa dhawaan daabacay warbixin ku saabsan dib-u-eegista uu u baahan yahay in lagu sameeyo Naqshadda Amniga Qaranka.

Podcast-gan, waxa Cabdi Caynte iyo Mahad Waasuge ku falanqeynayaan nuxurka warbixintaas,  in la joogo wakhtigii dib loo eegi lahaa Naqshadda Amniga Qaranka iyo heshiis amni noocee ah ayaa loo baahan yahay wakhtigan.

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Soomaaliya waxa ay Qaramada Midoobay u xilsaartay in ay Maxmiyad/Trusteeship muddo toban sano ah ku heyso dowladda Talyaaniga oo aan markaas xubin ka ahayn Qaramada Midoobay. Muddadii uu Talyaaniga maamulayay Soomaaliya waxa uu qaabeeyay nidaamka dowladnimada Soomaaliya. Qeybtan 1-aad ee wareysiga aan la yeelannay taariikhyahan Dr Maxamed Xaaji Mukhtaar waxa aan ku falanqeyneynaa sida uu Talyaaniga ku yimid Soomaaliya iyo sidii uu ugu fiday dhulka Soomaalida.

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Somalia’s current institutional structure and governance system is shaped by the pre-colonial and colonial legacies. The British And Italian administrations who administered the Italian Somaliland and British protectorate before the independence in 1960 established systems that are still evident in Somalia public institutions. The Soviet Union, Egypt, the USA and other countries who supported Somalia’s security institutions, education and other sectors also left legacies in Somalia’s public sector.  

In this podcast, Professor Lee Cassanelli who wrote several history books about Somalia and Mahad Wasuge discuss the historical legacy of Somalia’s current governance systems.  

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Dhawaan waxaa la doortay Madaxweyne Xasan Sheekh. Gole wasiirro ayaa dhawaan la magacaabi doonaa. Podcast-gan waxa lagu falanqeyneynaa dhismaha xukuumadda xigta ee Soomaaliya.

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