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From World War I to the Spanish Civil War to World War II, we cover some of the worst periods for the Catholic Church (and for humanity) in this episode. We start by discussing St. John Henry Newman and the fight against modernism, then look at the First Vatican Council, and then how the Church dealt with both liberal democracies and communist and fascist totalitarianisms with the principle of corporatism. Throughout this episode, we realize that the problems facing the Church then are the same problems we are facing today!

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Maybe John Bosco just carried around really smelly bread, and that's where Bosco sticks came from! You can hear this groundbreaking idea and many more in this episode, as we look at the first half of James Hitchcock's chapter on how the Catholic Church dealt with the issues of modernity. We look at the rise of conservatism, liberalism, nationalism, and socialism; the end of the papal states, the social principles of subsidiarity and corporatism; Pope Pius IX's intriguing Syllabus of Errors, and much more! Mixed in are plenty of rants about our own thoughts on modernity, as might be expected.

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Dr. John Rao examines the writings of Pope Pius XII to determine the validity of the Liberals' claim to this beloved Pontiff.

Mr. Michael Davies discusses the Mass in the first three centuries. There are intervening periods of "light" and "darkness" regarding our knowledge of the development of the liturgy of the Mass in the first three hundred years of Church History. Mr. Michael Davies speaks here of what we know, do not know, and merely speculate about at the dawn of liturgical growth. Taken from: The Church in the Early Middle Ages - 1994 Von Hildebrand Institute

Mr. Michael Davies discusses the history of the Parent Rites, specifically the Antiochian Rite of the Mass. Syria, with the great metropolis of Antioch, from which emerged men like St. John Chrysostom, was one of the great early centers of Christianity. Mr. Michael Davies treats here of the liturgy coming from its midst. Taken from: The Church in the Early Middle Ages - 1994 Von Hildebrand Institute

Mr. Michael Davies discusses the Alexandrian and Gallican rites. Two distinct centers of liturgical importance are examined in this lecture by Mr. Michael Davies: those of Alexandria in Egypt, with its "multicultural" Greek and Coptic Church, and of Merovingian/Carolingian Gaul, the "cauldron" of western medieval culture. Taken from: The Church in the Early Middle Ages - 1994 Von Hildebrand Institute

Mr. Michael Davies discusses the history of the Parent Rites, specifically the Roman Rite of the Mass. Sources for the history of the Roman Rite of Mass are both complex and numerous. Mr. Michael Davies, a great expert on that Rite and modern distortions regarding its development, treats here of the reality of its birth and maturation. Taken from: The Church in the Early Middle Ages - 1994 Von Hildebrand Institute

Mr. Michael Davies discusses the traditionalist character of the Tridentine reform, the liturgical movement, and modern developments and distortions of the Roman rite. Taken from: The Church in the Early Middle Ages - 1994 VonHildebrand Institute

Germanic customs also badly affected politics. The Empire was looked upon as a family territory to be divided among the heirs of Louis the Pious, already causing problems when the former was still alive. This horrified Churchmen concerned for Christian and Roman unity. But the problem had just begun for Lothair, Louis the German, and Charles the Bald when their father finally died.

The "Carolingian Renaissance," illustrating the consequences of earlier work done to Romanize and Christianize the Germanic West, reached its peak underneath Louis the Pious' sons. Nevertheless, their divisions, made worse through deaths, rebellions, and the invasions of Northmen and Saracens, made the latter 800's a disastrous time for the Christian Roman West. Popes tried vainly to halt the decay by choosing an Emperor who could defend both Church and State.

Sister M. Marchione discusses Pope Pius XII and his role in helping the Jews during the Third Reich's reign. Pius XII has been blacklisted for his "silence" during the Third Reich's reign. His detractors, however, never mention how many Jews were sheltered in the Vatican. Sister M. Marchione defends the name of Pius XII.

Chris Ferrara talks about – The Connection of the Interwar Period with the Reign of Paul VI. G.B. Montini, the future Pope Paul VI, was influenced by a number of the pro-democratic and personalist themes discussed by other lecturers, and most especially by Jacques Maritain. He was also interested in liturgical reforms, and his work with FUCI (the Italian Catholic university organization) indicated his dislike of much of contemporary Catholic devotional life as well. All these factors, which gradually made Pius XII suspicious of his activities, then played a central role in his guidance of Second Vatican Council down the path of a democratization which on the one hand weakened the Papacy's power, and on the other guaranteed that its use would be more willful.

Dr. Clemens Cavallin is a professor of religious studies at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden, in this second talk, he provides examples of the ways modernized versions of yoga are promoted as a means to glorify the body and exalt man above God. He quotes Pope Pius X’s prescient observations on the dangers of modernity and on Mary as the source of our only hope to all things in Christ.

ather Kenneth Baker, S.J.
There is a lack of strong leadership in the Church at the present time. The crisis of leadership in the Catholic Church means the Church can't fulfill her two main purposes of existence as the True and Only Church of Jesus Christ: To promote the Glory and Worship of God and to provide for the eternal salvation of souls who have been created for heaven and the face-to-face vision of God for all eternity. This was not the case during the reigns of the six outstanding popes from Pius IX to Pius XII. Father Baker details the many ways that these heroic Pontiffs led the Church and left it strong, growing, rich in vocations, universally respected, and even feared. Father Kenneth Baker, S.J., is Editor Emeritus of the Homiletic and Pastoral Review. He is also a regular contributor to The Latin Mass magazine.