In the 16th century, before the Reformation, only priests were allowed to read the Bible, and the general populace heard it in Latin, a language they didn't understand. The belief was that sins could only be forgiven through a priest's confession and absolution. At the time of death, a priest's presence was essential for the last rites. The medieval Catholic Church viewed priests as a higher, holier class of Christians, intermediaries between God and people. This perspective persists in modern Roman Catholic theology and is also found in many Protestant and non-denominational churches where pastors are highly revered.
Martin Luther, a priest himself, challenged this notion. His study of the New Testament revealed no evidence of a superior class within the church with exclusive rights to read scriptures or mediate God's presence. Luther emphasized that all Christians are priests by virtue of their baptism, faith, and the gospel.
In the Presbyterian Church, clergy are not referred to as priests because of the belief that every Christian is called to be a priest. Pastors have specific roles, but they are not inherently holier or superior. Everyone stands before God in the righteousness given through Jesus Christ. The New Testament, especially the book of Hebrews, emphasizes this, highlighting that all believers can enter heaven's most holy place because of Jesus' sacrifice.
The Old Testament had priests from the tribe of Levi who offered sacrifices for the people to maintain a right relationship with God. These sacrifices foreshadowed Jesus' ultimate sacrifice. The primary role of a priest was to bridge the gap between God and His people. The Latin term for priest, "Pontifex," means bridge builder.
In the New Covenant, there's no need for a special class of priests or temple sacrifices. The New Testament declares all Christians as priests. Every believer is called to be a bridge builder, bringing others into God's presence and being a channel of His grace and mercy. This calling is not limited to church settings but extends to homes, workplaces, neighborhoods, and every interaction. The priesthood of all believers means that everyone has direct access to God and is also called to be a conduit of His grace and mercy to others.
