TV's Influence on Perceptions of Medical Treatment and Outcomes: TV portrays patients dying more frequently and with more dramatic conditions, but doctors are now shown as fallible. Real-world issues like the Oregon Health Insurance Experiment and superutilizers require effective healthcare interventions.
Our perceptions of medical treatment and outcomes can be significantly influenced by what we see on TV. A study by Israeli professor Amir Hitzroney and his students found that patients on TV die much more frequently than in real life, and their medical conditions are often more dramatic. However, doctors on TV are now portrayed as making mistakes and being fallible, reflecting the reality of the medical profession. Meanwhile, real-world medical issues like the Oregon Health Insurance Experiment and superutilizers highlight the need for more effective healthcare interventions. Despite the increasing use of randomized controlled trials, the overall healthcare system remains a complex issue that requires ongoing exploration and improvement.
Impact of Doctor Absence on Patient Outcomes during Cardiology Conferences: Absence of cardiologists during conferences may lead to higher mortality rates for patients with acute conditions, emphasizing the need for adequate coverage during professional development events.
The absence of doctors at major conferences may lead to worse health outcomes for patients with acute conditions, particularly in the field of cardiology. Researchers, including Anupam Jain, an assistant professor of healthcare policy and medicine at Harvard Medical School, analyzed Medicare data from a 10-year period to compare patient outcomes during cardiology conferences and the weeks before and after. They found that patients admitted during the conferences had higher mortality rates, suggesting that the absence of cardiologists may negatively impact patient care. This highlights the importance of ensuring adequate coverage during times when doctors are away for professional development.
Surprising Benefit of Cardiology Conferences in Teaching Hospitals: Despite the absence of cardiologists during conferences, patients in teaching hospitals had better outcomes for high-risk cardiac arrest and heart failure cases, with lower mortality rates compared to other times.
The absence of cardiologists during conferences at teaching hospitals paradoxically leads to better patient outcomes for high-risk patients with cardiac arrest or heart failure. This was discovered through an analysis of Medicare data covering tens of thousands of hospitalizations for these conditions over a decade. The researchers, led by Dr. Jaina, initially assumed that the decreased availability of doctors would worsen outcomes. However, they found that patients admitted during conferences had lower mortality rates compared to those admitted before or after. For instance, the mortality rate for patients with cardiac arrest was around 17-18% during conferences compared to 25% otherwise. This effect was more pronounced in teaching hospitals, where patients were 10 percentage points more likely to survive during a cardiology conference for cardiac arrest and 8 percentage points more likely to survive for high-risk heart failure. This finding challenges the conventional wisdom that the presence of top specialists is always necessary for optimal patient care. However, it's important to note that this effect is not as significant as the benefits of standard cardiology treatments like beta blockers, statins, aspirin, and blood thinners, which can reduce mortality by about 25-30%.
Reduction in angioplasty and stenting during cardiology conferences: Despite fewer invasive procedures during conferences, there's no difference in heart attack mortality, emphasizing the importance of careful decision-making in medical interventions.
During cardiology conferences, there is a significant reduction in rates of angioplasty and stenting procedures by nearly a third, yet there is no difference in mortality for heart attack patients. This finding challenges the common belief that more invasive procedures equate to better health outcomes. The study's author, Jaina, admits that the exact cause is unknown but suspects that doctors who stay behind during conferences may be more cautious and making different clinical decisions, potentially improving outcomes for those least likely to benefit. The study highlights the importance of considering the potential risks and benefits of invasive procedures and the role of doctors' judgement in making informed decisions.
No Significant Increase in Mortality During Cardiology Conferences: Study finds no cause-and-effect relationship between healthcare conferences and mortality, but more research is needed to understand why this phenomenon occurs and ensure lower risk at all times.
The relationship between healthcare conferences and patient outcomes is complex and not black and white. A study found that there is no significant increase in mortality during cardiology conferences, but it's unclear if this is due to the absence of high-risk doctors or the presence of better coverage. The American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association have responded, stating that there is no cause-and-effect relationship and that the study should be viewed as a calendar analysis. It's important to note that the findings do not suggest a change in clinical practice. The study's authors suggest that further research is needed to understand why this phenomenon occurs and how it can be addressed to ensure lower risk at all times. Similar research has not been conducted on mental health professionals, but it's an interesting area for exploration.
The July Effect and Its Impact on Healthcare Outcomes: The July Effect suggests worse healthcare outcomes for patients admitted during certain times of the year, possibly due to clinical decisions influenced by factors like risk assessment, resource availability, and economics.
The quality of healthcare outcomes can be influenced by various factors beyond just clinical decisions. The July effect, which suggests worse outcomes for patients hospitalized during certain times of the year, is a good example. While the effect is small for most patients, it can be significant for those with severe conditions. The contradiction lies in the clinical decisions being made, possibly due to differences in risk assessment and availability of resources. Economics may also play a role, as the high demand for healthcare services in the US, despite being the most expensive healthcare system globally, can lead to overuse of procedures. However, it's essential to consider the underlying factors shaping physicians' decisions, such as their training, risk aversion, and past experiences, which can influence their clinical practice significantly.
Fewer deaths at medical conferences: A study found fewer deaths during major medical conferences, questioning if less access to technology and slower approach to care could lead to better outcomes
Many routine practices in healthcare may have little evidence to support them, and the training of doctors to be critical thinkers is a deep-rooted issue. A study published in the JAMA Journal Internal Medicine found that during major medical conferences, there were actually fewer deaths. This goes against the common assumption that less access to a physician would lead to more deaths. However, it's important to note that this association does not prove causation. The findings make us question if sometimes, less access to technology and a slower approach to care could potentially lead to better outcomes. The study has sparked curiosity among cardiologists, leaving some wondering if it might be beneficial for doctors to stay at conferences to improve hospital care.
Healthcare prioritizes growth and profit over patient care: Healthcare system needs to prioritize patient care and communication, and invest in generating and implementing evidence-based medicine.
The current healthcare business model prioritizes growth and profit over quality patient care and communication. This creates an incentive structure that discourages doctors from spending time with patients, leading to misunderstandings, safety errors, and medication confusion. Additionally, the generation and implementation of evidence-based medicine is a complex and lengthy process, with a significant amount of information overload for doctors. Despite the potential benefits of evidence-based medicine, many practices in healthcare are based on habit rather than evidence. The healthcare system needs to shift its focus towards prioritizing patient care and communication, as well as investing in generating and implementing evidence-based medicine.
The lack of critical thinking skills among physicians: Doctors need to be trained not only in interpreting evidence but also in effective communication skills to make informed decisions and convey important information to patients in a clear and unbiased manner.
The current state of medical education and practice is facing a significant issue due to the lack of critical thinking skills and understanding of scientific methods among physicians. This problem can be traced back to the traditional Greek pedagogy of memorization and fealty to authority, which has persisted in medical training. As a result, doctors are not adequately equipped to interpret vast amounts of data and communicate complex concepts like risk to patients. This can lead to misunderstandings and misinterpretations, as exemplified by the ongoing debate over mammograms for women aged 40 to 50. The consequences of this issue reach far back in medical history, with examples such as the delayed acceptance of hand washing and the continued use of non-evidence based treatments. To address this, it's essential to not only train doctors in interpreting evidence but also in effective communication skills. This will enable them to make informed decisions and convey important information to their patients in a clear and unbiased manner.
Market inefficiencies and overcapacity in healthcare: The healthcare system's unsustainability stems from asymmetries of knowledge, leading to unprofitability for smaller providers and an oversupply of hospital beds. This brittle system relies heavily on public funding, making reform or collapse a significant financial and political challenge.
The current healthcare system, as described in the discussion, is unsustainable due to market inefficiencies and overcapacity. These issues are rooted in asymmetries of knowledge, where customers lack perfect price and product knowledge, leading to unprofitability for smaller providers and an oversupply of hospital beds. The system's brittleness and over-reliance on public funding make it vulnerable to collapse, with potential consequences for the public and the economy. A shift in public sentiment and preferences could lead to significant changes in the aging medical care and dying institutions. However, with healthcare spending at around 20% of GDP, the financial and political implications of collapsing or reforming the system are substantial.
The healthcare system's complexity and eroding inputs may lead to its downfall: The healthcare system's complexity and the erosion of its sustaining inputs, including energy, money, and goodwill, may result in its eventual collapse, drawing comparisons to industries disrupted by America.
Complex systems, such as the healthcare system, can undergo unpredictable shifts when the inputs that sustain them are undermined. These inputs include energy, money, and goodwill. The healthcare system's complexity and increasing burdens on individuals are eroding these inputs, leading to growing anger and potential collapse. The speaker suggests that America, known for disrupting industries, may eventually let go of the healthcare system when it no longer serves its original purposes. The healthcare system's increasing costs and the emotional toll it takes on individuals are significant concerns. The speaker also shares a personal anecdote about how winning a valuable diamond led to trouble, drawing a parallel to the potential consequences of holding on to a flawed system. In essence, the healthcare system's complexity and the erosion of its sustaining inputs may lead to its eventual downfall.
202. How Many Doctors Does It Take to Start a Healthcare Revolution?
Recent Episodes from Freakonomics Radio
603. Did the N.F.L. Solve Diversity Hiring? (Part 1)
The biggest sports league in history had a problem: While most of its players were Black, almost none of its head coaches were. So the N.F.L. launched a hiring policy called the Rooney Rule. In the first episode of a two-part series, we look at how the rule succeeded — until it failed.
- SOURCES:
- N. Jeremi Duru, professor of law at American University.
- Herm Edwards, former N.F.L. player and head coach.
- Jim Rooney, author and co-partner of Rooney Consulting.
- RESOURCES:
- A Different Way to Win: Dan Rooney's Story from the Super Bowl to the Rooney Rule, by Jim Rooney (2019).
- "For ASU's Herm Edwards, Sports Bubble Helped to Overcome Racism Growing Up," by Jeff Metcalfe (The Arizona Republic, 2018).
- Advancing the Ball: Race, Reformation, and the Quest for Equal Coaching Opportunity in the NFL, by N. Jeremi Duru (2010).
- "Differences in the Success of NFL Coaches by Race, 1990-2002: Evidence of Last Hire, First Fire," by Janice Madden (Journal of Sports Economics, 2004).
- EXTRAS:
- "When Is a Superstar Just Another Employee?" by Freakonomics Radio (2023).
- "How Much Does Discrimination Hurt the Economy? (Replay)," by Freakonomics Radio (2023).
EXTRA: In Praise of Maintenance (Update)
We revisit an episode from 2016 that asks: Has our culture’s obsession with innovation led us to neglect the fact that things also need to be taken care of?
- SOURCES:
- Martin Casado, general partner at Andreessen Horowitz.
- Ruth Schwartz Cowan, professor emerita of history and sociology of science at University of Pennsylvania.
- Edward Glaeser, professor of economics at Harvard University.
- Chris Lacinak, founder and president of AVPreserve.
- Andrew Russell, provost of SUNY Polytechnic Institute.
- Lawrence Summers, professor and president emeritus of Harvard University; former Secretary of the Treasury and former director of the National Economic Council.
- Lee Vinsel, professor of science, technology, and society at Virginia Tech.
- RESOURCES:
- “Hail the Maintainers," by Andrew Russell and Lee Vinsel (Aeon, 2016).
- “A Lesson on Infrastructure From the Anderson Bridge Fiasco,” by Lawrence Summers and Rachel Lipson (The Boston Globe, 2016).
- Triumph of the City: How Our Greatest Invention Makes Us Richer, Smarter, Greener, Healthier, and Happier, by Edward Glaeser (2008).
- More Work for Mother: The Ironies of Household Technology from the Open Hearth to the Microwave, by Ruth Schwartz Cowan (1983).
- EXTRAS:
- "Freakonomics Radio Takes to the Skies," series by Freakonomics Radio (2023).
- "Edward Glaeser Explains Why Some Cities Thrive While Others Fade Away," by People I (Mostly) Admire (2021).
- "Why Larry Summers Is the Economist Everyone Hates to Love," by Freakonomics Radio (2017).
602. Is Screen Time as Poisonous as We Think?
Young people have been reporting a sharp rise in anxiety and depression. This maps neatly onto the global rise of the smartphone. Some researchers are convinced that one is causing the other. But how strong is the evidence?
- SOURCES:
- David Blanchflower, professor of economics at Dartmouth College.
- Lauren Oyler, novelist and cultural critic.
- Andrew Przybylski, professor of human behavior and technology at the University of Oxford.
- RESOURCES:
- "The Declining Mental Health Of The Young And The Global Disappearance Of The Hump Shape In Age In Unhappiness," by David G. Blanchflower, Alex Bryson, and Xiaowei Xu (NBER Working Paper, 2024).
- "Further Evidence on the Global Decline in the Mental Health of the Young," by David G. Blanchflower, Alex Bryson, Anthony Lepinteur, and Alan Piper (NBER Working Paper, 2024).
- No Judgment: Essays, by Lauren Oyler (2024).
- "To What Extent are Trends in Teen Mental Health Driven by Changes in Reporting?" by Adriana Corredor-Waldron and Janet Currie (Journal of Human Resources, 2024).
- The Anxious Generation: How the Great Rewiring of Childhood Is Causing an Epidemic of Mental Illness, by Jonathan Haidt (2024).
- "Global Well-Being and Mental Health in the Internet Age," by Matti Vuorre and Andrew K. Przybylski (Clinical Psychological Science, 2023).
- "Are Mental Health Awareness Efforts Contributing to the Rise in Reported Mental Health Problems? A Call to Test the Prevalence Inflation Hypothesis," by Lucy Foulkes and Jack L. Andrews (New Ideas in Psychology, 2023).
- "The Association Between Adolescent Well-Being and Digital Technology Use," by Amy Orben and Andrew K. Przybylski (Nature Human Behaviour, 2019).
- iGen: Why Today's Super-Connected Kids Are Growing Up Less Rebellious, More Tolerant, Less Happy — and Completely Unprepared for Adulthood — and What That Means for the Rest of Us, by Jean M. Twenge (2017).
- EXTRAS:
- "Are You Caught in a Social Media Trap?" by Freakonomics Radio (2024).
- "Are We Getting Lonelier?" by No Stupid Questions (2023).
- "Is Facebook Bad for Your Mental Health?" by Freakonomics, M.D. (2022).
- "Why Is U.S. Media So Negative? (Replay)," by Freakonomics Radio (2022).
601. Multitasking Doesn’t Work. So Why Do We Keep Trying?
Only a tiny number of “supertaskers” are capable of doing two things at once. The rest of us are just making ourselves miserable, and less productive. How can we put the — hang on a second, I've just got to get this.
Come see Stephen Dubner live!
“A Questionable Evening: A strategic interrogation from two people who ask questions for a living,” featuring Stephen Dubner and PJ Vogt from Search Engine.
Thursday, Sept. 26th, at the Bell House in Brooklyn, NY.
https://www.eventbrite.com/e/a-questionable-evening-evening-with-stephen-dubner-and-pj-vogt-tickets-1002544747327
- SOURCES:
- Olivia Grace, senior product manager at Slack.
- Gloria Mark, professor of computer science at the University of California, Irvine.
- David Strayer, professor of cognition and neural science at the University of Utah.
- RESOURCES:
- "Immersion in Nature Enhances Neural Indices of Executive Attention," by Amy S. McDonnell and David L. Strayer (Nature: Scientific Reports, 2024).
- "Contribution to the Study on the ‘Right to Disconnect’ From Work. Are France and Spain Examples for Other Countries and E.U. Law?" by Loïc Lerouge and Francisco Trujillo Pons (European Labour Law Journal, 2022).
- "Task Errors by Emergency Physicians Are Associated With Interruptions, Multitasking, Fatigue and Working Memory Capacity: A Prospective, Direct Observation Study," by Johanna I. Westbrook, Magdalena Z. Raban, Scott R. Walter, and Heather Douglas (BMJ Quality & Safety, 2018).
- "Supertaskers: Profiles in Extraordinary Multitasking Ability," by Jason M. Watson and David L. Strayer (Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 2010).
- "The Effects of Video Game Playing on Attention, Memory, and Executive Control," by Walter R. Boot, Arthur F. Kramer, Daniel J. Simons, Monica Fabiani, and Gabriele Gratton (Acta Psychologica, 2008).
- "'Constant, Constant, Multi-Tasking Craziness': Managing Multiple Working Spheres," by Victor M. González and Gloria Mark (Proceedings of the 2004 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI, 2004).
- EXTRAS:
- "Why Is the U.S. So Good at Killing Pedestrians?" by Freakonomics Radio (2023).
- "Why Did You Marry That Person?" by Freakonomics Radio (2022).
- "How Much Should We Be Able to Customize Our World?" by No Stupid Questions (2021).
What Is the Future of College — and Does It Have Room for Men? (Update)
Educators and economists tell us all the reasons college enrollment has been dropping, especially for men, and how to stop the bleeding. (Part 3 of our series from 2022, “Freakonomics Radio Goes Back to School.”)
- SOURCES:
- Zachary Bleemer, assistant professor of economics at Princeton University and faculty research fellow at the National Bureau of Economic Research.
- D'Wayne Edwards, founder and President of Pensole Lewis College.
- Catharine Hill, former president of Vassar College; trustee at Yale University; and managing director at Ithaka S+R.
- Pano Kanelos, founding president of the University of Austin.
- Amalia Miller, professor of economics at the University of Virginia.
- Donald Ruff, president and C.E.O. of the Eagle Academy Foundation.
- Morton Schapiro, professor of economics and former president of Northwestern University.
- Ruth Simmons, former president of Smith College, Brown University, and Prairie View A&M University.
- Miguel Urquiola, professor of economics at Columbia University.
- RESOURCES:
- "What Gay Men’s Stunning Success Might Teach Us About the Academic Gender Gap," by Joel Mittleman (The Washington Post, 2022).
- "We Can't Wait for Universities to Fix Themselves. So We're Starting a New One," by Pano Kanelos (Common Sense, 2021).
- "Academic Freedom in Crisis: Punishment, Political Discrimination, and Self-Censorship," by Eric Kaufmann (Center for the Study of Partisanship and Ideology, 2021).
- “A Generation of American Men Give Up on College: ‘I Just Feel Lost’,” by Douglas Belkin (The Wall Street Journal, 2021).
- "Community Colleges and Upward Mobility," by Jack Mountjoy (NBER Working Paper, 2021).
- "Elite Schools and Opting In: Effects of College Selectivity on Career and Family Outcomes," by Suqin Ge, Elliott Isaac, and Amalia Miller (NBER Working Paper, 2019).
- "Leaving Boys Behind: Gender Disparities in High Academic Achievement," by Nicole M. Fortin, Philip Oreopoulos, and Shelley Phipps (NBER Working Paper, 2013).
- EXTRAS:
- "Freakonomics Radio Goes Back to School," series by Freakonomics Radio (2024).
- “'If We’re All in It for Ourselves, Who Are We?'” by Freakonomics Radio (2024).
EXTRA: Why Quitting Is Usually Worth It
Stephen Dubner appears as a guest on Fail Better, a new podcast hosted by David Duchovny. The two of them trade stories about failure, and ponder the lessons that success could never teach.
- SOURCES:
- David Duchovny, actor, director, writer, and musician.
- RESOURCES:
- "Martin Seligman and the Rise of Positive Psychology," by Peter Gibbon (Humanities, 2020).
- "Rick Reilly: ‘Donald Trump Will Cheat You on the Golf Course and Then Buy You Lunch,'" by Donald McRae (The Guardian, 2019).
- "How The X-Files Invented Modern Television," by Emily St. James (Vox, 2018).
- "Happiness & the Gorilla," by Scott Galloway (No Mercy/No Malice, 2018).
- EXTRAS:
- Fail Better with David Duchovny, podcast by Lemonada Media (2024).
- "How to Succeed at Failing," series by Freakonomics Radio (2023).
- "Annie Duke Thinks You Should Quit," by People I (Mostly) Admire (2022).
- "The Upside of Quitting," by Freakonomics Radio (2011).
The University of Impossible-to-Get-Into (Update)
America’s top colleges are facing record demand. So why don’t they increase supply? (Part 2 of our series from 2022, “Freakonomics Radio Goes Back to School.”)
- SOURCES:
- Peter Blair, professor of education at Harvard University and faculty research fellow at the National Bureau of Economic Research.
- Zachary Bleemer, assistant professor of economics at Princeton University and faculty research fellow at the National Bureau of Economic Research.
- Amalia Miller, professor of economics at the University of Virginia.
- Morton Schapiro, professor of economics and former president of Northwestern University.
- Miguel Urquiola, professor of economics at Columbia University.
- RESOURCES:
- “Elite Schools and Opting In: Effects of College Selectivity on Career and Family Outcomes,” by Suqin Ge, Elliott Isaac, and Amalia Miller (Journal of Labor Economics, 2022).
- “Why Don’t Elite Colleges Expand Supply?” by Peter Q. Blair & Kent Smetters (NBER Working Paper, 2021).
- “Lori Loughlin Pleads Guilty via Zoom in College Admissions Case,” by Kate Taylor (The New York Times, 2020).
- Markets, Minds, and Money: Why America Leads the World in University Research, by Miguel Urquiola (2020).
- “To Cheat and Lie in L.A.: How the College-Admissions Scandal Ensnared the Richest Families in Southern California,” by Evgenia Peretz (Vanity Fair, 2019).
- The Case Against Education: Why the Education System Is a Waste of Time and Money, by Bryan Caplan (2018).
- “The World Might Be Better Off Without College for Everyone,” by Bryan Caplan (The Atlantic, 2018).
- “Are Tenure Track Professors Better Teachers?” by David N. Figlio, Morton O. Schapiro, and Kevin B. Soter (NBER Working Paper, 2013).
- “Estimating the Payoff to Attending a More Selective College: An Application of Selection on Observables and Unobservables,” by Stacy Berg Dale and Alan Krueger (NBER Working Paper, 1999).
- "Report on the University’s Role in Political and Social Action," by the Kalven Committee (1967).
- EXTRAS:
- "What Exactly Is College For? (Update)," by Freakonomics Radio (2024).
What Exactly Is College For? (Update)
We think of them as intellectual enclaves and the surest route to a better life. But U.S. colleges also operate like firms, trying to differentiate their products to win market share and prestige points. In the first episode of a special series originally published in 2022, we ask what our chaotic system gets right — and wrong. (Part 1 of “Freakonomics Radio Goes Back to School.”)
- SOURCES:
- Peter Blair, faculty research Fellow of the National Bureau of Economic Research and professor of education at Harvard University.
- Catharine Hill, former president of Vassar College; trustee at Yale University; and managing director at Ithaka S+R.
- Morton Schapiro, professor of economics and former president of Northwestern University.
- Ruth Simmons, former president of Smith College, Brown University, and Prairie View A&M University.
- Miguel Urquiola, professor of economics at Columbia University.
- RESOURCES:
- "Progressivity of Pricing at U.S. Public Universities," by Emily E. Cook and Sarah Turner (NBER Working Paper, 2022).
- "Community Colleges and Upward Mobility," by Jack Mountjoy (NBER Working Paper, 2021).
- "How HBCUs Can Accelerate Black Economic Mobility," (McKinsey & Company, 2021).
- Markets, Minds, and Money: Why America Leads the World in University Research, by Miguel Urquiola (2021).
- "Mobility Report Cards: The Role of Colleges in Intergenerational Mobility," by Raj Chetty, John N. Friedman, Emmanuel Saez, Nicholas Turner, and Danny Yagan (NBER Working Paper, 2017).
- EXTRAS:
- "'If We’re All in It for Ourselves, Who Are We?'" by Freakonomics Radio (2024).
- "'A Low Moment in Higher Education,'" by Freakonomics Radio (2024).
- "The $1.5 Trillion Question: How to Fix Student-Loan Debt?" by Freakonomics Radio (2019).
- "Why Larry Summers Is the Economist Everyone Hates to Love," by Freakonomics Radio (2017).
EXTRA: Here’s Why You’re Not an Elite Athlete (Update)
There are a lot of factors that go into greatness, many of which are not obvious. As the Olympics come to a close, we revisit a 2018 episode in which top athletes from a variety of sports tell us how they made it, and what they sacrificed.
- SOURCES:
- Lance Armstrong, former professional cyclist.
- David Canton, director of African American studies and professor of history at the University of Florida.
- David Epstein, science journalist and author.
- Domonique Foxworth, former professional football player.
- Justin Humphries, former professional baseball player.
- Andre Ingram, professional basketball player.
- Shawn Johnson, former professional gymnast and Olympian.
- Steve Levitt, professor of economics at the University of Chicago.
- Simone Manuel, professional swimmer and Olympian.
- Brandon McCarthy, former professional baseball player.
- Mike McGlinchey, offensive tackle for the Denver Broncos.
- Daryl Morey, president of basketball operations of the Philadelphia 76ers.
- Lauren Murphy, professional mixed martial artist.
- Kim Ng, advisor with Athletes Unlimited Pro Softball, former general manager of the Miami Marlins.
- JJ Redick, head coach for the Los Angeles Lakers.
- Mikaela Shiffrin, professional alpine ski racer and Olympian.
- Mark Teixeira, former professional baseball player.
- Sudhir Venkatesh, professor of sociology at Columbia University.
- Kerri Walsh-Jennings, professional beach volleyball player and Olympian.
- RESOURCES:
- "Compromising Talent: Issues in Identifying and Selecting Talent in Sport," by Joseph Baker, Jörg Schorer, and Nick Wattie (Quest, 2017).
- "Practice and Play in the Development of German Top-Level Professional Football Players," by Manuel Hornig, Friedhelm Aust, and Arne Güllich (European Journal of Sport Science, 2016).
- The Sports Gene, by David Epstein (2013).
- "The Effect of Deliberate Play on Tactical Performance in Basketball," by Pablo Greco, Daniel Memmert, and Juan Carlos Pérez Morales (Perceptual and Motor Skills, 2010).
- EXTRAS:
- "The Hidden Side of Sports," series by Freakonomics Radio (2018).
- “How to Become Great at Just About Anything” Freakonomics Radio (2016).
600. “If We’re All in It for Ourselves, Who Are We?”
Tania Tetlow, a former federal prosecutor and now the president of Fordham University, thinks the modern campus could use a dose of old-fashioned values.
- SOURCE:
- Tania Tetlow, president of Fordham University.
- RESOURCES:
- "Not a Priest, Not a Man, but Ready to Run Fordham," by David Waldstein (The New York Times, 2024).
- "Tech Glitch Upends Financial Aid for About a Million Students," by Oyin Adedoyin and Melissa Korn (The Wall Street Journal, 2024).
- "Where Protesters on U.S. Campuses Have Been Arrested or Detained," by The New York Times (The New York Times, 2024).
- "15 Arrested as NYPD Clears Protester Encampment at Fordham's Lincoln Center Campus," (NBC News, 2024).
- "Inside the Week That Shook Columbia University," by Nicholas Fandos and Sharon Otterman (The New York Times, 2024).
- "Address of his Holiness Pope Francis to the Members of the Blanquerna — Universitat Ramón Llull Foundation, Barcelona," by Pope Francis (The Holy See Press Office Bulletin, 2024).
- "Why Don’t Elite Colleges Expand Supply?" by Peter Q. Blair and Kent Smetters (NBER Working Paper, 2021).
- EXTRAS:
- "Freakonomics Radio Goes Back to School," series by Freakonomics Radio (2022).
Related Episodes
The COVID-19 Shot: Turbo Cancers and Immune System Issues
Join us as Dr. Odell delves into the detrimental immunological effects of the COVID-19 shot, specifically Vaccine Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (VAIDS) in children, alarming increases in turbo cancers, and rises in all-cause mortality rates. He references pathologists and other scientists and offers hypotheses on how the inoculations may be causing immune system dysregulations. Lastly, he lists supplements you can take to mitigate the detrimental effects of these inoculations.
ChatGPT: Revolutionizing Healthcare with Dr. Robert Pearl | Why every physician will be using this technology to improve medical care | Redefining Society Podcast with Marco Ciappelli
Guest: Dr. Robert Pearl
On Linkedin | https://www.linkedin.com/in/robert-pearl-m-d-32427b98/
On Twitter | https://twitter.com/RobertPearlMD
Host: Marco Ciappelli, Co-Founder at ITSPmagazine [@ITSPmagazine] and Host of Redefining Society Podcast
On ITSPmagazine | https://www.itspmagazine.com/itspmagazine-podcast-radio-hosts/marco-ciappelli
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Episode Introduction
Welcome to another episode of the Redefining Society podcast with Marco Ciappelli. Today's guest is Dr. Robert Pearl, a professor at Stanford and former CEO at Kaiser Permanente. The topic of discussion is ChatGPT, a technology that has recently made waves in the healthcare industry. Dr. Pearl explains that ChatGPT is a generative pre-trained transformer, which means that it has access to vast amounts of pre-loaded information and can apply it to generate the next word or idea. He compares it to what doctors do when they learn a lot of facts and generate a diagnosis and treatment plan for their patients.
Marco and Dr. Pearl discuss the potential applications of ChatGPT in healthcare and how it can help doctors find diagnoses they might have missed otherwise. While it's still in its early stages, ChatGPT has shown promise in improving patient care by allowing doctors to double-check their thinking and find the most problematic complications that could arise.
The conversation also touches on the challenges of adopting new technologies in the medical profession. Dr. Pearl notes that while it's important to embrace new technologies, blindly following them is not the solution. He highlights the importance of doctors maintaining their expertise and knowledge while using new technologies to supplement their work.
As the conversation continues, the possibilities of ChatGPT become more apparent. Medical knowledge doubles every 73 days, and it's difficult for any human to keep up with that pace. ChatGPT, on the other hand, has the potential to become exponentially more powerful with each passing year, meaning that the tool doctors and patients will have in a decade or two will be significantly more advanced than what we have today.
If you're interested in learning more about ChatGPT and its potential applications in healthcare, then this is the podcast for you. Don't forget to share and subscribe to Redefining Society to keep up with the latest trends in technology and society.
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Resources
Dr. Pearl's Newsletter:
https://app.flashissue.com/newsletters/ce20648294065ec89cb69f1d6eebbb994bcb3fb0
Dr. Pearl's Website:
https://robertpearlmd.com
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Reset Your Health From the Inside Out
Definition of carcinogenic shock
You can find more of our podcasts on our website: http://www.mdedge.com/podcasts
This week in cardiology news:
- SCAI releases first definition of cardiogenic shock
- CABANA: Heart failure patients got biggest bang from AFib ablation
- Elderly concussion patients who used statins had lower dementia risk
- BMI in male teens predicts cardiomyopathy risk
You can email the show at podcasts@mdedge.com and you can interact with us on Twitter at @MDedgeCardio.
Journal Editorial - Changing the paradigm for post-MI cholesterol lowering from intensive statin monotherapy towards intensive lipid-lowering regimens and individualized care
With Kausik Ray and Julia Brandts, Imperial College London - UK