DJ 2rip

Having learned about the beginnings of the rave scene around the United States the story always seems the same. House music was getting some play throughout the eighties but not quite catching on to the level where it could be played exclusively. Around the turn of the decade at the beginning of the nineties raves began to flourish around the United States and clubs that were playing a mixture of music began to hire dj’s that played strictly house music and techno. This story can be revisited in almost every major area city in the country; however it is important to recognize that each of these cities still tells their own story. It’s also a very difficult notion to capture & combine into a short, concise and effective write-up.

The earliest underground parties in Nevada were hosted in the Black Rock Desert about 100 miles from Reno. The first of these parties was hosted in 1990. The surviving members of the Suicide Club of San Francisco started a newsletter which publicized these first underground Black Rock Desert events as “Zone Trip #4.” The organizers of Zone Trip#4 were Kevin Evans & John Law. Other events were also hosted in the Black Rock Desert at this time featuring house music dj’s. In 1991 a team made up of John Evans, John Law, Michael Mikel, Larry Harvey and Jerry James got a legal permit from the Bureau of Land Management to host an annual gathering in the desert, planting the seeds of Black Rock City LLC – the group that created the Burning Man Festival.

Another early party in Nevada was hosted in Reno and was titled “Stretcheads” which was hosted in 1990, around the same time as the Black Rock Renegades. Stretcheads was a chance for dj’s to come together and play music while party people dressed up, danced and had fun. The notion of a “rave” had not yet been publicized much throughout the United States at the time. The venue was hosted at the Grange Hall located at the base of Mt. Rose Highway between Reno & Carson City. One of the first major parties that was thrown inside Reno was in 1991. This rave was titled “Rise Again” and was held at the Livestock Events Center on N. Wells Ave. A small collective of house music dj’s at this time in Reno consisted of Christophe, Olivier Desmet, and Richy Rich to name a few.

Things began to pick up for Reno by 1992 as the nearby San Francisco scene continued to flourish. In Reno, DJ Christophe started Brilliant Productions and hosted monthly events outside of Spark, NV in the warehouses near Stanford Way. Monday night parties popped up around this same time frame which were held at the Visions gay bar which was located on Kietzke Lane.

DJ Sulli hosted his first party on Sunday April 25, 1992 which was titled “Micro-cosm.” The party was hosted near Tahoe City and featured Christophe. Sulli was also on this lineup and spinning his first set in front of people. Other parties during this era ranged from being hosted in farmland on the outskirts of Reno which is now known as the Double Diamond to the Town Center Mall.
Between 1993 & 1995 a venue called “The Fallout Shelter” which often hosted punk shows became a popular spot in Reno. This venue was located in the basement of a gay bar called Alley Cats. The dj’s primarily spun house music at this time and The Fallout Shelter was pulling at least 400 party people on a weekly basis. When compared to other areas during this time period, 400 people was a nice size but still considered small. Cofa Margarita on Virginia Ave was a popular venue as well as Icehouse at 310 Spokane St.

Some would argue that the first peak in the Reno scene came around 1996 & 1997. A party called Ultra which was hosted in February of 1997 at a skate warehouse was busted for violating firecode & capacity laws. The party was off to an amazing start but was shut down by 1:30am by the police and fire marshall. From 1997 to 2000 house dj’s began moving into nightclubs while underground rave dj’s were playing breaks, trance, drum & bass, and happy hardcore. The dj scene had begun to unfold from a few smaller collectives to large numbers of dj’s that were hard to keep track of.

In 2000 the Eskador crew of dj’s came together. They eventually changed their name to Annpro which consisted of DJ Poindexter and David Aaron to name a couple. They hosted one of the biggest parties that Reno had ever seen. The event was called Mission To Mars and drew 1600 people to the main showroom of the Ramada. That same year the Burning Man festival saw it’s first wave of law enforcement activity where more than 50 people were arrest for minor drug charges and the Bureau of Land Management issued citations. That number rose in 2001 when over 100 BLM citations were given out as well as several arrests.

By 2002, Burning Man received it’s first FAA approved airport and the festival was progressively gaining more news coverage. This is a testament to how much the festival had grown from it’s roots at the start of the nineties. In the Reno rave scene, newer dj’s and party promoters began to establish themselves. Music styles began to change and a large majority of event information was being communicated through a discussion forum called www.renoraves.com.

This mix was recorded live in December 2001. It was initially distributed as "Love Of Life Mix 1." The entire set is 2 hours long.

Benedictus - Nightmare
JS-16 - Stompin' To My Beat
Jaydee - Plastic Dreams 2000
Sil - Windows 98
Commander Tom - Eye Bee Em
SM Trax - Ignition!
DJ Quicksilver - Timerider
Baby Doc? - Higher
Tony De Vit - I Don't Care

Gil The DJ aka Goal Gil grew up in California through the sixties and was attracted to the San Francisco concert scene ‘s sound & light shows. By 1969 he grew fed up with the number of junkies who had crowded into San Francisco so he moved to India, where he encountered the sadhus – Hinduism’s wandering holy men. Gil followed them around to live in caves and he even wore the same robes. He continued to make his way to Goa every winter where he banged on acoustic guitars at drum circles. Eventually a man named Alan Zion smuggled a Fender PA to Goa and live guitar and pre-recorded band music became the soundtrack.

The crucial transition from guitars to electronic dance music came in 1983 when two French DJs named Fred & Laurent got sick of rock & reggae music. This was around the same time that “techno” had been proclaimed as well as “house music.” These two French dj’s used two cassette decks to cut and paste nightlong journeys of industrial music, electronic rock, Euro-disco and house. The mixes were designed to amplify the experience for psychedelic partygoers. Soon these dj’s were able to acquire underground music from the west. Sven Vath, a German trance producer/dj, showed up in Goa as one of the first booked nationally known dj’s.

Unfortunately the partygoers were not transitioning entirely well to full-on techno. They were very attached to Bob Marley and Santana and The Rolling Stones. The dj’s who were playing primarily techno were often assaulted by people demanding rock music. Goa DJ’s were soon able to plug the functional needs of heavy psychedelic trance dancers into the musical picture. Within a few years a distinct sound emerged. DJ Laurent admitted in an interview that people took a very strong disliking to electronic dance music in Goa, but once a formula was conceived for producing music that catered to people on psychedelic drugs there was a better response.

Towards the end of the 1980s the tracks played at Goa parties were produced primarily in the West with the colony of Goa in mind. Some trance records were made in Goa but not many. As time went on the evolution of the Goa trance state of mind continued as the word spread about the parties in this tiny state. Artistic developments began to emerge as visual artists displayed tapestries and paintings at events. Such art was visually stimulating to those who delved into the entire experience of “psy-trance.” The hypnotic, pulsing melodies & rhythms of psytrance mixed with lights, visual artwork displays and the hallucinations caused by psychedelic drugs created a blend created out of this world experiences for those who succumbed to the experience.

In 1993, Juno Reactor released their first single titled “Laughing Gas.” Shortly following this came a full on release titled “Transmissions” which is considered to be one of the first official goa trance releases. They also remixed a tune which became the theme for the Mortal Kombat movie in 1995.

By the end of the nineties, the psytrance culture had developed a large following worldwide. The music was not considered maintstream and often events were hosted which catered specifically to psytrance. By the year 2000 an Israeli group called Infected Mushroom became one of the most widely known acts of this nature. Their breakthrough album came just a year earlier titled “The Gathering.” Other artists such as Astral Projection, Hallucinogen, Man With No Name and Shpongle had become popular. Around that same time frame a record label named Tip World was pressing releases by artists like Logic Bomb, Yahel, Bio-Tonic, and Absolum.

While psytrance had gained much popularity, the genre was not a major feature at raves in Europe or America. It was also very rare to find a club that catered to psytrance. The genre was very limited to festivals, however this was not the case for countries like Brazil, Israel, and India. Psytrance in those countries became part of the majority of genres featured at events, if not the most widely represented by dj’s and show promoters of their regions.

The visual artwork at these events which included paintings and tapestries were often created using fluoro (fluorescent paint). The fluorenscent paint was used to reflect off of blacklights. The artwork often associated topics like aliens, Hinduism, or other religious images. The religious images were often eastern traditions. Mushrooms, Shamanism, and technology were also other topics used in the artwork.

Investigating deep into the spiritual realm of psychedelic drugs such as mushrooms indicates that human beings have been combining music and hallucinogenics since the Paleolithic Period. The oldest representation of mushrooms were produced as rock paintings in the Sahara Desert which date back to about 5000 BC. Images of enormous mythological beings of human or animal form were often depicted side by side with a host of small horned and feathered beings in dancing poses. One of the most important rock painting scenes was found in the Tin-Tazarift rock art site at Tassili, depicting a series of masked figures in line and dressed as dancers currounded by geometrical designs. Each dancer in the painting is holding mushroom-like objects with parallel lines extending from the mushroom into the head of the dancer.

In modern tribal areas the concept of shamanism is still prevalent. Shamanism is an ancient form of healing but shamans also excercise using hallucinogens to invoke shamanic spiritual journeys. The connection that we have in modern times at festivals and parties where hallucinogens are prevalent is that we are carrying on a tradition that dates back to prehistoric times. The psytrance methodology encompasses both musical and spiritual aspects of the rave scene, taking it to a level that is not necessarily the norm for other genres.

This mix was recorded sometime in 2002. In early 2001 a dj named Swayd from my hometown introduced me to psytrance at a rave I hosted called "Let's Roll." Since then I followed many psytrance parties and collected records. My aspiration was to become a psytrance dj around that time but my collection remained fairly limited. I made several mixes just for fun but never followed through. This is one of the better compilations that I put together.

Walhalla - Beathe In
Talamasca - Telepathic Atmospheres
Logic Bomb - Frequent Flyers
Opus Magnum - Three Elements (Mental Remix)
Delirious - Mushroom God
Alien Project - Artificial Beings
Atomic Pulse - Psychoactive
Absolum - Recovery
Twister - Venom
POTS & Chris Organic - Tuna Salad
Pixel - Black In, Black Out

In 1986 the Music Factory Mastermix DJ Service was organized, creating megamixes through a special license. These megamixes were for DJ use and were only available through very strict channels. Some of the earliest mixes were created by Andy Pickles and Martin Smith. A few years after, Amadeus Mozart and Guy Garrett joined the Mastermix team. Their duo was called The Two Little Boys. Their series known as "Hit The Decks" was later to become a massive influence on two young producers called Ben Keen and Nick Sentience.

By 1993 Amadeus Mozart had developed a strong friendship with Andy Pickles. This would be the start of what would later be known as The Tidy Boys. Their first release together was titled "Only Me" under the name Hyperlogic in 1994 which was the turning point in their career. The song used chord structure from U2's "New Years Day" and the vocals from Alison Williams "Sleep Talk." The song became a massive club anthem and was supported by every major club DJ in the UK, even Pete Tong. Red Jerry's label, Hooj Choons, created the buzz on this song by putting it out as a limited release.

In the meantime, a dj named Tony De Vit was on the rise. In 1993 he received a residency at a gay house music club called Trade. At this time he was also approached by the Fantazia crew to mix one of the discs on the second album of the Fantazia House Collection series. The mix went on to be a huge UK hit and sold over 100,000 copies.

By 1995 both Tony De Vit and The Tidy Boys were pushing a sound different from most other dj's. This sound combined vocal samples from hardcore tracks over up-tempo house beats with some trance aspects. The first release on Tidy Trax was released under the moniker The Handbaggers and was titled "U Found Out." To make the release look like it came from a dj's bedroom, Amadeus put his phone number on the disc as a contact detail. This was a move he later regretted due to late night phone calls and sexual harassment.

In 1996 a label titled Nukleuz was formed as an offshoot from an Italian record labeled known as UK Media Records. The label first produced funky, house driven tracks but shortly jumped into the hardhouse sound. During this same year a night called Sundissential started happening in Birmingham at a club called The Pulse with Tony De Vit regularly behind the decks. By the end of 1996, Tony De Vit had recorded the first Global Underground mix, GU001: Tel Aviv.

Some would consider 1997-1998 to be the breakthrough year of hardhouse. Artists like Baby Doc took to the scene and began to add new styles to the mix of hardhouse releases. The overall flavor of the genre was becoming harder and faster and in some senses, tougher. This could be seen in releases like Nuclear Shower which was released under UK Gold. Tony De Vit had, in 1998, joined the Tidy team after having a fallout with his previous sound engineer, Simon Parkes. He came to Tidy with six of Trade's main resident dj's to release songs on a 3 disc vinyl called the Trade EP. Tony De Vit worked with Paul Janes for his track titled "The Dawn." As they finalized the track Tony, Paul Janes, Amadeus and Andy Pickles listened to it. As it finished Tony De Vit took a deep breath and said "I can't go on from here without telling you something that may affect all of our future plans, especially mine... I have been diagnosed as HIV positive. But this new track has inspired me - it means a lot to me." The reason he titled his track "The Dawn" was because he wanted it to be the dawn of a new era in his life. He was diagnosed just six months prior to the release of this track. Sadly, Tony De Vit passed away on July 2nd of that year.

In 1999, The Tidy Girls was founded by Rachel Auburn, Lisa Pin Up, and Anne Savage. Other dj's like Paul Glazby and Mark Grey were rising in the scene. Superclubs in Europe were becoming the next big thing and the concept was spreading in the United States.

In the United States rave scene through the nineties, most rave production companies promoted mainly house, breaks and drum & bass talents. You would often find one or two trance, hardhouse or hardcore dj's on a lineup of 8-15 dj's. Around the crest of 1999 there was an uprising within the United States scene where harder or faster was better. The new generation of dj's started grabbing for hardhouse, hard trance, and hardcore records in their local record shops. This would soon pave the way for the rest of the rave scene.

This mix was recorded live sometime in 2001. I have no recollection of what party I recorded this at. This was dubbed from a cassette tape so the quality is not as crisp as I had hoped, but it's not bad. Some fun tunes on there which I have identified as the following:

Klubbheadz - Discohopping (Dub Foundation Mix)
Reverend Mike Crawley - Pow!
Klubbheadz - Work This Pussy
Soulman - Put Your House
The Ultimate Seduction '96 - Organ Seduction
The Difference - Funny Walker (Da Techno Bohemian Remix)
Club It - Real Stuff
Lords Of House - The Beat Is Back
Pulzemaster - U Got To Be There (Damon O'Conner Remix)

On April 9, 2001 in Houston, Texas the owner of Club Waxx at 101 Leeland began receiving pressure from the local sports authority. The owner, Mike Jacksis, was advised to shut down Club Waxx to make way for a new basketball arena parking garage. Jacksis had intentions of keeping the club open, however an agreement was reached that relinquished his lease of the hip-hop & underground club. Club Waxx featured techno, trance and jungle since 1997. After the demolition of the club, Jacksis teamed up with Neil Heller who owned Club Hyperia at 2001 Commerce Street. Together they continued to host a variety of music from house, trance and drum & bass to hip-hop.

Outside of the club scene in 2001, raves in Houston continued with fairly minimal disruption. Production companies like the KAOS crew hosted events like Revolution, KAOS Thursdays, and Mystery Machine. Bigtyme Productions hosted a massive on July 7, 2001 called “Audiotitstic.” The event was hosted in Audio Park at 2550 Reed Road in Houston. This party drew thousands of people and featured talent like Green Velvet, Mark Grant, Donald Glaude, Q-Bert, P-Trix, Dieselboy and DJ Brian.

The Houston electronic dance music scene originally began to flourish as early as many other cities with disco and gay nightlife. At the start of the 1990s, there was a huge buzz over house music and the “party ‘til dawn” lifestyle that it fostered. JD Arnold and Michael DeGrace, both established DJs pushed house music in clubs like Rich’s, Therapy and Club Some.

DJs that were not fully established in nightclubs had begun to host their own parties near the break of 1992. These were Houston’s first raves. The first full scale rave in Houston was called “Unity” which came later that year. Shortly after this first event a DJ named Chris Anderson of the Matrix Crew began hosting events, his first party was called "Brain Machine" and took place in October of 1992. The next year he started a radio show which was titled "Transmissions" on 91.7FM KTRU.

Another DJ named Chris Sill had also created major waves for the Houston scene. He began his career playing nightclubs in Austin, Texas, moved to Houston to work for the legendary Rich’s nightclub, and left for San Diego to open a second Rich’s club in 1991 He was the co-host of a Thursday night event called “Hedonism” which was promoting house music events in San Diego. The weekly event became so well known and the nights were so memorable that in 1994 he moved back to Houston and opened the second installment of “Hedonism" events.

In 1995, Albert Rowan aka DJ Bizz hosted his first rave in a Montrose club called Attica shortly after he was released from a short prison sentence for distribution of LSD. The party was called “Resurrection” and drew approximately 550 people. DJ Bizz’s event became popular and he began to work together with Chris Anderson who was still hosting parties as Matrix Crew. In 1998 the two became partners in Chemistry Records in Houston. Chemistry Records was a place for ravers to find party fliers and where dj's congregated to listen to and purchase new music. The operation became an epicenter of the city’s rave scene.

While raves in the city snowballed in frequency and size since “Resurrection”, there have been some bumps in the road as had been seen elsewhere in the world. On November 24, 1996, DJ Bizz & Chris Anderson became a target of a Houston police initiative as officials attempted to put an end to the growing rave culture in the city. Authorities raided a party called “Reach” by Bizz’s crew Good Vibe Tribe which was hosted at a nightclub called Middle Earth. The raid included local TV coverage and 59 people were taken into custody and most juveniles were cited for violating curfew laws.

The bust made it’s way onto news networks around the city while the nation was simultaneously receiving negative news regarding raves. For a short time the scene had diminished in Houston as parties shrank in size and less in frequency. Promoters during this time learned to become more thorough with their events by acquiring necessary permits and covering their bases legally.

From this point and leading up to the year 2001, a wide range of venues was used for events hosting electronic dance music in Houston. Some events were weekly events while others were one time parties. DJ Dizzy hosted “Suave” at Slider’s, Gotta Move Productions hosted “Soul Phusion” at Waxx, Sundance & Mercury hosted “Dragonfly” at Power Tools at 709 Franklin, Ducttape Productions hosted “Digital Interface” at 1815 Washington, and Protoculture hosted “Rhythmatic Technology” at International Ballroom.

The featured mix was a practice session that was recorded in 2001. This was a period where I was heavily involved in the trance scene. While I no longer have the recordings, some similar mixes that I released at the time played a major role in the acquiring the bookings that were offered to me nationwide.

Joker Jam - Innocence (Chillout Intro)
Shine - Feelings (DJ Tandu Remix)
Lillian - You Give Me Music (Jaimy & Kenny D remix)
Hardy Heller & Ray Boye - Lovin' (Fred Numf & Five Point-O remix)
Matt Darey - Liberation (Deep Mix)
Agnelli & Nelson - Vegas (Fear & Loathing Mix)
Mark Norman - Return 2 Eden
Patrick Reid - Splat
Free State - Release (Dirt Devils Remix)
Members of Mayday - 10 in 01 (Paul Van Dyk Club Mix)
Ralphie B - Massive
Cygnus X - Superstring (Rank 1 Remix)
Insigma - Open Our Eyes (Odyssey One Mix)

During the mid-nineties the sound of Northern California’s raves helped received it’s mold by DJs like Jeno, Galen, Solar and Spun. The scene in San Francisco was able to expand rapidly because there were no curfew laws and venues like Homebase and 85th & Baldwin were making it possible to host larger events. In the late nineties venues like Soma Art Museum, “Where The Wild Things Are” museum on top of the Sony metreon, and Maritime Hall were popular.

At the end of the nineties, promoters had a variety of venues at their disposal ranging from warehouses to upscale nightclubs or illegal outdoor areas. San Francisco was booming as artists from around the world were eager to play in San Francisco and the city was seeing multiple events on a given night. In the year 2000 much of that began to change when the city began to place curfews on granted permits. The imposed curfew for parties was 2am which slowly halted all night massive rave events, however many promoters changed their plan to host longer daytime events that lasted through the night until curfew.

Two of San Francisco’s largest venues closed their doors not long after the new curfews had been imposed. There was diminishing momentum to host parties that drew tens of thousands of people. In the year 2000 the Homebase venue was beginning to see less usage and many parties opened in smaller, more intimate venues.

In 2001, San Francisco had a large host of weekly dance music events. As with most parties around the country, the scene had an increased momentum towards nightclubs because they had existing liquor licenses and existing sound & lighting. Nightclubs also did not require special permits.

On Sundays alone, partygoers could find nearly 15 events taking place throughtout San Francisco. "Freebeats" was held at An Sibin at 1176 Sutter St and featured an early lineup of dj’s playing music from 6pm-9pm. Stargate was hosted at 715 Harrison Street and charged $20 for a Sunday night lineup which featured 3 rooms of sound.

Spundae was one of the largest nights to pop up around this time. While Spundae began back in 1993 it was able to withstand the times as it was held at 1015 Folsom, a superclub that was used previously for raves in the early nineties. This nightclub was featuring the world’s biggest dj’s on a regular basis and became a known staple for electronic dance music worldwide.

During 2001 a plethora of other venues were utilitzed in San Francisco for rave events. Peacock Gap Country Club hosted “Heaven Eleven” by ANON SALON, Infected Mushroom played at 550 Barneveld St on June 8th 2001, and “Harmony Festival” was held at Sonoma Country Fairgrounds in Santa Rosa. “Metropolis” was a larger event hosted at 3COM Park on June 16th 2001 and featured Donald Glaude, Terry Mullan, Gene Ferris, Eddie Amador, Roy Davis Jr, Joey Mazola, Danny The Wildchild and Aphrodite.

Halfway across the country in the Midwest, the scene in New Orleans had become under attack after the indictment of rave promoters who hosted a party on June 12th, 2001. The DEA & New Orleans Police conducted a joint investigation called “Operation Rave Review.” The 1986 crack-house law that was used to combat crack cocaine was designed to punish operators of the houses for the manufacturing and storage of illegal drugs. Violators under this law faced a maximum of 20 years in prison. That year the DEA attempted to classify Vicks VapoRub, pacifiers and glowsticks as drug paraphernalia. An article on July 20th, 2001 from salon.com quoted a promotional video distributed by the DEA which states that “raves are just a venue for drug purchases. They are no more than analogous to a crack house in which you go to buy the drugs and go out the back door.”

Government attempts such a these led to a continued uphill battle for electronic dance music and raves. The fight lingered on for years to come, suppressing some of the most successful regions of the rave movement around the United States.

This mix was made shortly after I purchased a brand new pair of Technic 1200mk2 turntables. It was a major upgrade from the Gemini Battlemaster decks I was using. I can specifically recall making this set in the basement of my parent's house while they slept. It took me about 10 different attempts to finally be satisfied with the turnout. After it was finished I intended to finish the mixtape as this was only the first side. The tape went unfinished and I never gave it out as a demo.

Jurgen Driessen - Counter Culture
Sleepfreaks - PHB
Pako & Frederik - Hidden Obsession
Cevin Fisher - Love You Some More
POB & Boyd - Luna
Max Graham - Bar None
Salt Tank - Eugina
Goldenscan - Sunrise (Ronski Speed Remix)

“Ancient life was all silence. In the nineteenth century, with the invention of the machine, Noise was born. Today, Noise triumphs and reigns supreme over the sensibility of men. For many centuries life went by in silence, or at most in muted tones. The strongest noises which interrupted this silence were not intense or prolonged or varied. If we overlook such exceptional movements as earthquakes, hurricanes, storms, avalanches and waterfalls, nature is silent.

Amidst this dearth of noises, the first sounds that man drew from a pieced reed or streched string were regarded with amazement as new and marvelous things. Primitive races attributed sound to the gods; it was considered sacred and reserved for priests, who used it to enrich the mystery of their rites.” - Luigi Russolo, Art of Noises Manifesto

In 1913, Italian composer Luigi Russolo wrote a letter to a friend who was a Futurist Composer known as Francesco Balilla Pratella. The letter argues that the human ear has become accustomed to the noise of the urban industrial landscape and concludes that electronics and other new technology will help composers & futurist musicians to substitute for the limited sounds available through traditional orchestras.

An instrument known as the Theremin was used in the twenties by composers like Honegger, Messiaen, and Verese. The instrument was known for an eerie high pitched wailing sound that was often used in horror films in the fifties. Another early pioneer was Oskar Sala who, along with Dr. Trautwein, built the Trautonium. The instrument was later altered into the Mixturtrautonium which was used to compose the music for Alfred Hitchcock’s “The Birds.”

With the proliferation on musical tools, the musicians of the day were inspired to think about music in a different way. In 1939 John Cage’s “Imaginary Landscape #1” became the first piece of electronic music to be reproduced. When he was in college, John Cage studied at UCLA with the classical composer Arthur Schoenberg. Cage had demonstrated in his lessons that he had no skill in creating harmony and Schoenberg insisted that Cage would not be able to create music. Schoenberg told Cage, “You’ll come to a wall and won’t be able to get through it.” Cage replied, “Then I will beat my head against the wall.” Cage soon found others who were interested in challenging the concepts of art forms of the past.

Cage’s early experiments involved altering standard instruments, such as putting plates and screws between a piano’s strings before playing. As his alterations became more drastic he realized that he needed entirely new instruments. Pieces such as “Imaginary Landscape Vol. 4” used twelve radios played at once and depended entirely on the chance broadcasts at the time of the performance for it’s actual sound.

With the invention of the Moog synthesizer in 1964, the golden age of electronic music was born. The rock musicians of the sixties were already experimenting wildly with both instrumentation and form and had no hesitation embracing these new tools. Shortly after, the Mellotron was invented. This instrument was capable of playing samples. Sampling is the act of taking a portion, or sample, of one sound recording and re-using it as an instrument or different sound recording of the song.

This recording features the oldest electronic records in my collection and was recorded on July 21, 2009. It was imperative for me to do this recording because there was so much more that led to the rise of electronic dance music and it really began with experimental music and avant garde prior to becoming synchronized in a fashion that could be used on danceflooors. The songs on this session are very raw and will have an odd composure to most listeners, however it was these records that helped break the boundaries in standard classical music production to give way to the sampling and beat creation that we now take for granted.

Charles Dodge - He Destroyed Her Image
Oskar Sala - Elektronische Impressionen, Nr 2
Tod Dockstader - Eight Electronic Pieces #8
Tod Dockstader - Assembly
Laurie Spiegel - Appalachian Grove
Vladimir Ussachevsky - Wireless Fantasy
Oskar Sala - Elektronische Impressionen, Nr 1 (scratch in reverse)

Underground Resistance was a musical collective from Detroit, Michigan. They were the most militantly political example of Detroit Techno with a grungy sound and an anti-mainstream business strategy. The collective formed near the end of the 80's and related their music to the President Reagan era inner-city economic recession. Robert Hood joined the group after the cross-over into the nineties.

As rave music began to flourish in the early nineties and techno had turned into gabber, Robert Hood felt that the soul of techno was becoming lost. He disagreed with the notion of techno transforming to be geared to ravers. When people complained that techno did not have enough feeling, producers began to add vocals with a piano on top of the music so that it would appeal to more people. Robert Hood wanted to bring techno back to the way it was meant to be and make it more underground again. This notion brought about the concept of minimalism in techno and house music.

At the time Robert Hood described minimal techno as "Stripped down. It's just drums, basslines, and only what is essential to make people move." The concept caught on a few years afterward in house music, creating the genre known as microhouse. It also similarly helped to inspire a style called glitch.

The origins of the glitch aesthetic can be traced back to noise music. In a Computer Music Journal article published in 2000, composer and writer Kim Cascone used the term post-digital to describe various experimentations associated with the glitch aesthetic. Glitch is characterized by a preoccupation with the sonic artifacts that can result from malfunctioning digital technology, such as those produced by bugs, crashes, system errors, hardware noise, CD skipping, and digital distortion.

Minimal techno had not become widely popular throughout the many peaks of the rave scene. During the year 2001 there was a final insurgence of new ravers and new clubbers. Every new wave of partygoers often resulted in a more closed-minded approach to music, ignoring lesser known genres or more underground genres.

The Detroit Electronic Music Festival (DEMF) continued to give Detroit and its overlooked history of electronic music major exposure both locally and nationally. Each festival has been held at Hart Plaza in downtown Detroit, and has been sanctioned and financially supported by the City of Detroit. The city's support for the festival has been seen by many as the first high-profile acknowledgment and celebration of the city as the birthplace of techno music.

This mix incorporates a mixture of deep minimal techno paired with ambient & downbeat - all were selections from between the years 2000-2001.

Markus Guentner - Aepfel & Birnen
Sutekh - Dumpster
Betrieb - Gobe Landschaft Mit Kuh
Peter F. Spiess - Symbol Shift
Goldfish Und Der Dulz - Couch Legere
Bjoern Stolpmann - Being So Nice
Audision - Gamma Limit
Dick Richards - Breathe
Savvas Ysatis - On The Hook
Hakan Lidbo - Wiretripping

Lonnie Fisher founded Ultraworld in 1992 after attending several Catastrophic raves that were hosted in DC by the Baez brothers. Ultraworld is known for throwing the first rave in Baltimore city on October 3, 1992 which was titled “Ultraworld Excursions.” The warehouse that this party was hosted in was located in a segment of Baltimore known as Canton. Canton is located along the outer harbor on the southeastern section of the city and is considered to be centered around O’Donnell Square. With an attendance of 600+ people, it was the first of over a decade of successful Ultraworld events.

For the next two years Ultraworld hosted parties in the Erdman Ave Warehouse, 40 West Warehouse, Moravia Park Drive, a campground in south central Pennsylvania, and eventually at Timonium State Fairgrounds in Baltimore County which drew 3500+ in attendance. By 1994 Lonnie had moved into a warehouse where he & his roommates began to host events. In 1996 a narcotics investigator named Sergeant Smith became interested in the events at the Azar Court warehouse. Soon after, Sergeant Smith arrested both Lonnie & his roommates in an attempt to cite them with utilizing their warehouse events to distribute illegal substances.

During that same year Ultraworld had begun planning for an event at a Baltimore City Park called “Lost City”, however plans became halted when Sergeant Smith contacted Ultraworld’s co-sponsor for the event to slander Lonnie by referencing the Azar Court arrest & criminal charges. Another narcotics officer named Detective Galbreath was then assigned to investigate Ultraworld. “Lost City” was moved to Tracks nightclub in DC after the police refused to grant a permit to Ultraworld for the event.

After being told by the DC police “you can have a rave anytime” the next Ultraworld event called “Phoenix” was scheduled for November 27, 1996 at the DC Armory. The Baltimore police contacted DC officials and warned them that the Ultraworld event at the Armory would be a hotbed of drug activity. “Phoenix” pulled a crowd of 4000 people and had no issues.

Ultraworld’s next few events went off without a hitch but in May of 1997 Detective Galbreath continued to cause permit problems for Ultraworld by slandering the company in conversations with their sponsors as Ultraworld planned their next Sunrise Festival. Detective Galbreath had collected data from rave email lists to use against Ultraworld in an attempt to prove that drug use was rampant at raves, particularly Ultraworld events. In a meeting with the Baltimore police & the detective it was determined that the permit for Sunrise Festival would be denied.

On August of that same year Ultraworld hosted a party on one of Baltimore’s Harbor Cruise ships, The Lady of Baltimore. The event sold out at $50 per ticket, resulting in 550+ partygoers attending the event. In the middle of the night the Coast Guard came onboard and advised the crew that certain permits were not in order. The boat was directed back to the harbor where Detective Galbreath waited with a large group of police officers who were ordered to search everyone attending the event. No drugs or paraphernalia was found on anyone or on the cruise ship but one person had $1200 hidden inside his shoe. As a result Lonnie Fisher was detained and charged with three infractions which were made up by Detective Galbreath. The charges were eventually dropped by the city in 1998.

Lonnie Fisher met with Mayor Schmoke of Baltimore on April 27, 1998 to discuss the issues with Detective Galbreath and the city. He & Mayor Schmoke discussed the culture of the American DJ scene and it’s impact on a global scale, referencing magazines like URB, DJ Times & Mixmag. By the end of the meeting, the Mayor asked: “What is it that you want?” To which Lonnie Fisher proposed that Ultraworld host two outdoor festivals in Baltimore every year. One to be held at Ferry Bar Park and the other to be held at Fort Armistead Park. Later that year Sunrise Festival 1998 took place at Ferry Bar Park but the event did not last past 1999 as Starscape at Fort Armistead proved to be the most superior venue and most successful event. The Starscape Festival of 1999 is where Scott Henry claimed his famous “sunrise sets” as he closed out the last timeslot of the party.

In 2000, Starscape was rated by URB as the year’s best party. However the event continued to grow in size for every year consecutively from 2001 to present day.

This mix was recorded in 2008 after The Oldskool Series became fully established. A majority of my breakbeat records were from the early millennium so this gave me a perfect opportunity to dust off some old wax and create a unique journey with tracks from Lot49 and Botchit & Scarper.

Momu – This Is Momu
Sensei – I’m The Only One
Orange Krush – Swerve On
Karsh Kale – Distance (Might Junn Remix)
Beber Tamra – Traveling (Koma & Bones Remix)
Apex – Jump Funk
Meat Katie – Lapdance
DJ 43 – Pepper Spray (DJ Infiniti Remix)
Robin Fox – I See Stars
Backdraft - Demons

The evolution of house music in the UK in the mid 1990s led to the term "garage" to describe the style. It is said to have been previously coined by the Paradise Garage DJs in New York. Artists such as The Artful Dodger and Sillo brought garage music to the mainstream in the UK. Other artists like Dizzee Rascal were pushing an offshoot of the "garage" genre called "grime."

Grime associated complex 2-step breakbeats, often between 130-140 beats per minute and incorporated hip hop and dancehall samples. While grime had become popular throughout the UK, major record labels were apprehensive to sign record deals due to a fear that the style would not sell on an international level. Both grime and garage had become predecessors to styles like 2-step, bassline house and speed garage.

In the mid-nineties when drum & bass was becoming popular garage was often played in the second room of jungle events. DJ's began to speed up garage tracks to make them more suitable for the UK jungle audience. The media began to call this tempo-altered form of garage "speed garage." When tracks were being sped up the dj's would often use dub versions to prevent vocals from sounding like chipmunks.

The the middle of 1998 speed garage and UK Garage were similar terms. Either term can be described by their mixture of sped up garage beats with heavy, almost junglistic bassline combined with timestretched vocals. Speed garage tracks often included a break in the middle where the beat is stripped down before the track builds up again.

In 1998 "Gunman" by 187 Lockdown had become a popular dancefloor tune in clubs around the world. This was the year that everyone was learning about speed garage and the music had made it's way into clubs and raves everywhere. It can be argued, however that the year 2000 was the biggest year for speed garage as many dj's either switched genres to play primarily speed garage, worked it into their house music sets, or dabbled with it on the side.

Starting in 2001, both speed garage and 2-step experienced a decline in popularity. Some experimental artists such as Horsepower Productions, Zed Bias, Wookie, and Steve Gurley stripped the R&B influence from both genres and the styles took on temporary terms such as "dark 2-step" and "nu dark swing." These changes in production helped to pave a new direction for the grime umbrella and eventually became direct precursors to what is known today as dubstep.

The featured mix is without a recording date but was recorded somewhere between 1999-2001. It was another mix that I had not released to the public possibly near the end of my highschool years or early college. It features mostly speed garage tracks that were popular around that time.

Mr. Oizo - Flat Beat
Dreem Teem - The Theme
Nicole - Runnin Away (E-Smoove Remix)
187 Lockdown - Gunman
Baffled Republic - Bad Boys (Blouse & Skirt Remix)
Boris Dlugosch - Hold Your Head Up High (Julian Jonah)
Somore - I Refuse
Sneaker Pimps - Spin Spin Sugar
Tori Amos & Armand Van Helden - Professional Widow
Ultra Nate - Free (Rip Up North Remix)
Coco - I Need A Miracle (Sol Brothers Remix)
Dsk - What Would We Do?

On December 28, 2000 the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel reported "Officials Cancel Party After Website Bills As Rave." The article then proceeded, "Washington County Fair Park officials have cancelled a contract for a New Year's Eve party after learning that it was being advertised as a rave party on the internet."

The internet had become a major marketing tool since it's conception. Since then partykids and even federal & municipal authorities were using the internet to track down local raves. Websites like Hyperreal and email listserves were helping to spread the word of the next upcoming party. The irony is that raves have been historically reserved for those "in the know." In the early days it was hard to find a party unless you knew where to get rave flyers, had already attended events, or were friends with someone else who knew. It was often a matter of finding a local record shop or clothing store in order to find party flyers. However, the internet slowly began to replace this method as more and more people got connected.

In 1996, a website called www.ravedata.com was founded by developer Matt Zinicola. The site put in place a real-time searchable database which was essentially a replacement of Hyperreal's "The GRID." The site was finally launched in 1997 and received 1100 hits on it's first day. Shortly after September of 1999 the site took on three regional rave mailing lists: Boston Raves, Florida Raves, and Southeast Raves. The number of subscribers had exceeded 4,000 and by the year 2000 the server was moving more than 500,000 messages per day.

Similarly a private website had formed in Pittsburgh, PA which was hosted by Rich Stroud, titled www.lolli.org. The project had it's origin at the end of 1998 and the page was launched in 1999. The focus was to provide another way of communicating online with a single-page messageboard. The site also featured a series of Flash games. Ravers sought this site for entertainment as they played games like "Virtual Rave" or "Raver Beaker." The site was promoted completely by word of mouth and helped establish a tight clique of ravers. The site spawned out of a period where the region was utilizing www.andythepooh.com, PB-CLE or SCRIS. By 2000 www.lolli.org had begun to flesh itself out with the addition of member profiles which were featured in "Da Hood" and "Gangs" which members could use to create private user groups within the site. By late 2000 the site had 4 gangs and approximately 400 users.

During the same year a movie titled "Groove" was released, dramatizing the underground warehouse experience in the San Francisco rave scene. The premise of the movie is that through a single email the word spread about a major party to take place at an abandoned warehouse. The movie illustrated many aspects of rave culture from finding a venue and setting up to personal interactions and relationships, tied together with music. The movie became immediately popular but did not receive great reviews.

This mix was created at the end of the year 2000 and archived.

Afterburn - Frattboy
Mainline - Narcotic
Steve Gibbs - Azure
James Holden - Horizons
Filter Tip - Liquid Lunch
Gus Gus - Purple (T-World Remix)
M.I.K.E. - Someone Somewhere
Sonorous - Glass Garden
Anjunabeats - Volume 1 (AnjunaDeep Mix)

During the early years, dissemination of "rave" within North American media was relatively slow. However during the late 1990s noise complaints were waking up neighbors in cities all over the continent. After the 90's more parties had media hype surrounding events as a result of overdoses, and other drug-related deaths such as overheating.

Cities like Toronto, Phoenix and Pittsburgh were on the map after a small amount of drug related deaths which were associated with rave events. In 2000, Dateline NBC produced a segment titled "All The Rave" which showed footage of rave attendees talking about the drugs they were on and admitting the drugs they have experimented with. Also combined in the segment was a story of Hilary Farias who was given GHB at a rave. When she came home she went directly to sleep and was found dead the next morning. This segment led to parental outrage around the world and the follow-up called Teen Drug Polo" helped to seal any additional outrage regarding raves, despite the number of responsible party people attending events.

A number of newspaper articles were written in effort to substantiate the claims that raves were unsafe. On May 5, 2000 the Toronto Sun's first page announced that the city's police chief had invited the Prime Minister to a rave to show him "how drug parties are threatening the youth." The article included a quote where the police chief claimed that "raves are threatening the very fabric of Canadian life." One week later the city council made a decision to ban raves on public property. Toronto's mayor Mel Lastman stepped to the plate after this to vow to shut down afterhours clubs and raves.

While media coverage has been exploiting raves as being dangerous havens since the beginning of the acid house movement in the eighties, the overblown coverage in the new millenium formed a rift between parents and their kids and also within the rave community. By the end of the year 2000 it was prominent that party promoters were becoming more cautious of the hype regarding their events. Many nightclubs and afterhours locations had banned both possession and use of any form of camera at events. Other promoters had banned bookbags, doctors masks, binkies and in some instances glowsticks and kandi bracelets.

As a result of these changes, some parties experienced small hits in attendance while others recieved larger hits in attendance. The scene as a whole, however, remained strong.

This mix was recorded live in 2000. The tracklisting is not entirely accurate as these records are no longer in my collection but I tried to do my best in identifying them.

DJ Jacq - Symbolism
Retroflex - Moments Resistance
Pound Boys - Time Baby
Silicone Soul - Chic O Laa (H Foundation Mix)
GBR X-Perience - Put Your Hands
Matea & Matos - Got A Message (DJ Sneak Remix)
Fondue - Pump The Boogie (Pumpin Dub)
Statis Revenger - Happy People
Soul Providers - Rise
Layo & Bushwacka! - Side A

Humans have the tendency to demonstrate a need to connect with one another in some form of group activity. For all communities to be psychologically healthy there needs to be a way for people to gather and exchange ideas or expressions as well as share common goals. Primitive humans spent a lot of their time sitting around fires and staring at the dancing flames & smoky forms. Anyone who has done this can understand how relaxing it can be and it gives your mind a chance to wander. It allows your thoughts to become fluid yet abstract. This is a trance-like state and in this state we have the ability to see the world from a different perspective.

Doing this in a group setting, in an altered state of consciousness (be it drugs or alcohol) and performed in a ritual type setting can, in some ways, be considered a tribal experience. Though it is packaged differently today, people continue to flock to group events where they can make some form of group connection, Be it nightclubs or sporting events or social clubs.

Rave culture had increasingly become an embodiment of modern neo-tribalism with the party as the ritual center. Although many younger ravers were unaware of the tribal roots of the rave movement, they became instinctively attracted to the rave scene because it gave them something they couldn't find anywhere else. Exceeding everything was a universal sense of the acceptance of differences amongst party kids. Raves had become a haven for people of all races, sexuality, religions and social backgrounds.

By surveying attendees at raves at the change of the millenium you could find lawyers, teachers, psychologists, high school students, drop-outs, dreamers, scammers, nurses, nerds and college students. With diversity came growth and each raver, in themself, was a special promotional piece as they often collected flyers for upcoming events and memorized what the next major party would be. The millenium had shown that this growing bubble had no signs of popping anytime soon.

The following mix was created in 2003 as a demo for a weekly event I hosted in the basement lounge of a restaurant in college, however it was only given to 10 people. The music I was playing during the early stages of this party consisted of a very tech-house selection. However my collection was not yet at the time up to date. This entire mix is strictly music from the turn of the new millenium.


LoSoul - Lies Watch Your Lift
Reactor Music - Holes In Space
Terry Lee Brown Junior - Fever
Loudeast - Thank You (Jack Mix)
Luke Slater - Body Freefall, Electronic Inform (Counterplan Mix)
Hakan Lidbo - Televinken
Get Fucked - De Icing
Rob Mello - Love Nasty
Jackmate - The Jacker
The RC Groove Project - The Sermon (B. McCarthy Remix)
Silicone Soul - Nosferatu
Brothers Vibe - Manos Libre
Homebase - Constant Love

The year 1999 was said to have been the major explosion of the global rave culture. Just as the life of stars in our cosmos, the year 1999 built up to one of the last years of the main sequence which carried across the span of a decade. Interest had grown dramatically in the dance & rave scene despite many ups & downs.

Since 1991 an event called Winter Music Conference had taken place in Miami's South Beach. The conference was aimed at record labels, producers, and dj's. However as time grew on the event became a catalyst for the burgeoning South Beach club scene. In 1999 the first Ultra Music Festival took place on the Saturday immediately after the conference, which was hosted directly on South Beach.

Gatecrasher, although founded in 1993, had become very popular at The Republic in Sheffield, UK. The club had been primarily house and techno oriented, however by the end of the nineties it was a haven for trance artists like Judge Jules, Paul Oakenfold and Van Dyk. Similarly, trance was becoming a bigger phenomena on a global scale.

After the release of Paul Oakenfold's "Tranceport" in November of 1998, trance hit a breaking point. The CD featured many trance songs that were recieving a lot of play at the time, featuring artists like The Light, Paul Van Dyk, Transa, Three Drives on a Vinyl and Binary Finary. The follow-up to the series, Tranceport 2, was mixed by Dave Ralph and featured artists like Oliver Leib, X-Cabs, Sasha, Andy Ling, and Fragma.

DJ Mag, which began featuring a Top 100 dj's of the world poll in 1997 started with only 700 people voting in the poll. The first two years, Carl Cox was nominated the #1 DJ in the world the first year of the poll. In 1998 Paul Oakenfold was nominated #1 with Carl Cox and Judge Jules falling behind. In 1999, Paul Oakenfold claimed the #1 spot again.

Inside party scene, rave had become an often unspoken religion for many. While there are no formal priests in the rave culture, DJ's were often thought of as the equivalent as they were technically the head of proceedings, administering music and serving as the conductor of an inner journey of either thoughts or emotions. Drugs often contributed to the journey and especially by the end of the decade many people were sold on going to raves for "the experience." The experience included friends, drugs, music and an intense journey deep into one's self.

While the dj used records to take people on a journey, the music became a common line of communication & understanding for most partygoers. It did not matter who a person was, what nationality or religion or sexual preference there was a common sense of acceptance. It was a promoter's job to ensure that no bad vibes would enter parties, therefore most flyers in the late nineties featured two acronyms on flyers which stated the basic norms for the events. The first was Right Of Admission Refusion (ROAR) which meant that anyone could be turned away from an event. Often this meant that bad attitudes or people that looked untrust-worthy would not be permitted into the event.

The second acronym stood for Peace, Love, Unity & Respect (PLUR) which is said to have originated by techno dj, Frankie Bones, in the early 90s after a fight broke out at one of the Storm Raves. Frankie was said to have picked up the microphone and shouted "I want to see some peace, love & unity here or I'll break your fucking necks!" It was not until some time after this incident that the "R" was added to include respect. The full acronym was not coined until after Laura La Gassa had written an essay about "Peace, Love, Unity & Respect." This was an essay that she was inspired to write after her husband, Brian Behlendorf, came to visit her in 1993 to attend a renegade party in Washington, DC at RFK Stadium. Prior to the party, Brian had given her a booklet written by DJ Geoff of Wicked Soundsystem in San Francisco called "The Four Pillars of the House Community." After her essay was written, a raver on the ne-raves mailing list signed an email with "PLUR" and since then the term had caught on like wildfire and continues to be used to this day, primarily with candyravers.

This session was mixed live near the break of the millenium. It was inspired by a spiritual experience I had of my own, which has remained over the years to be the best day of my life. This was also during a period where I had switched (temporarily) from being interested in primarily techno and house to a growing interest in progressive trance which stayed the course of a three years crossing through the millenium.


3 Phase feat. Dr. Motte - Der Klang Der Familie (King of Spin Remix)
The M&M's - Four Play
Timo Mass vs. Ian Wilkie - Twin Town (Main Mix)
Joshua Ryan - Pistolwhip
Dj Remy - Backstabber
Mea Culpa - Spiritual Light
Aurora - Hear You Calling (Fire & Ice Remix)
Transa - Enervate (ETS Remix)

In 1999 drum & bass some of the most popular drum & bass dj's were AK1200, Dara, Aphrodite, J Smooth and Dieselboy. Along with them was dj's like Shy FX, DJ SS, DB and John B were popular. J. Majik was continuing to innovate, having started his own label known as Infrared a few years prior, he then released the Nightvision EP. This 3 disk set contained music by Goldie, System 3, John B, and Total Science. Other notable releases were tracks like "Stalker" by Usual Suspects which was featured on Dieselboy's "A Soldiers Story."

"A Soldiers Story" was aptly named because it was popular to feature drum & bass dj's on side stages or second stages at multi-room events. While there were many parties aimed primarily at drum & bass it was rare to find house music or techno as side stage music to a drum & bass main floor. "A Solider's Story" was referring to the fight in getting drum & bass the recognition that it deserved.

Outside of the drum & bass industry, raves continued to grow in popularity. However many ravers of earlier generations had begun to feel that the influx of new event attendees was damaging to the culture. Drug use was as much of a problem as it had always been, however it was clear to the older generation that kids were coming to raves specifically to use drugs. Trance, happy hardcore and even faster pitched techno had become popular with party attendees looking to indulge in party drugs like acid, ecstasy or derivatives of such.

Many of the drug abusers falling into this category or interest of music were "candy ravers." Candy ravers often exchanged or shared small gifts, primarily toys, necklaces, beads, bracelets and stickers. The defining part of their appearance is that they typically wear a large number of homemade bracelets made of colorful plastic beads known as "kandi." The fundamental idea behind the bracelets was to remember past raves and commemorate new friendships. In many cases a Kandi Kid found one or more things to wear that would make them stand out from other ravers, often wearing the same outfit or similar style outfits at events in order to be easily recognized or known. It was also popular for people to come up with rave names which were aliases used in the party scene.

On the other side of the spectrum, typical fans of drum & bass did not dawn kandi as their attire. Junglists throughout the span of the rave scene often wore hoodies and ball caps. During the end of the nineties almost all ravers were wearing clothing made by Mecca and Ecko. They also often wore Addidas or Kangol visors. Kikwear jeans and JNCO jeans were also popular as well as UFOs.

UFO Clothing was actually developed in 1967, using military surplus as inspiration. UFO Clothing adapted it to the times by using music, art and contemporary ideologies as its foundation. The UFO cargo pants and skirts were made of a light weight, polyester & cotton blend which were made baggy which were popular for ravers dancing all night long.

This session features a few popular tracks from the 1999 period of drum & bass. Some of the releases were from J. Magik's 3-disc Nightvision set which was one of my favorite releases at the time.

Futurebound - Sustain
Accidental Heroes - Dragster
Konflict - Cyanide
The Ganja Kru - Ghetto Brother
System 3 - Gatekeeper
Accidental Heroes - Elements
Red One - Strangled Duck
DJ Freedom - Chainsaw
John B - Gollum vs. Poison Arrow

As the nineties rushed on the media hype surrounding raves continued to grow. Daily newspapers as well as the evening news dedicated themselves to attempting to uncover the underground world of the rave scene and educate the public about the events, selling the older demographic on the notion that raves were a danger and a threat. The coverage in many ways created a promotion for the rave culture and as interest in the parties grew, so did attendance, as well as the budgets for hosting these events.

In Washington DC, Buzzlife had been successful with their event at the Capital Ballroom. In 1998 the venue was purchased by John Boyle who soon renovated the venue and changed the name to Nation. In 1999, Nation became one of the only venues to own the famous EAW Avalon soundsystem. Unfortunately by May of that year, Fox 5 News did a report which sensationalized what took place inside the venue. They released a report which focused almost completely on drug use and also sited the DC Metro police for being involved as one officer who was on camera was alleged to have had a relationship with one of the ravers who they had been filming. The news report was the cause of a great deal of controversy leading to the closing of Buzz. For two weeks, Buzz patrons protested outside of the Fox 5 studio on Wisconsin Ave in DC. After a few months of being closed the party re-opened.

During the same year a Philadelphia production company called Local 13 had thrown one of their largest events called Whistle 2 which was held at the South Jersey Expo Center in Pennsauken, NJ. The venue was sepereated into different rooms called dome: Pleasure Dome, Super Dome, Power Dome, Drum Dome and Industrial Strength Dome. The lineup featured dj's like Green Velvet, Nigel Richards, Frankie Bones, and DJ Icey.

In Pittsburgh a company called Downlow had thrown their first party together in 1997 called Intergalactic Circus. Since then they had pioneered new venues that gave a home to many ravers through the end of the nineties. Some of these venues included the Rostraver Ice Garden in Bell Vernon, PA as well as multi-room Paintball Arena near the intersection of 21st & Smallman Street in Pittsburgh's Strip District. In 1999, Downlow hosted Magick! at the Paintball Arena which featured Roy Davis Jr and Felix the Housecat.

In Ohio venues like Moda, Metropolis and The Eagles nest had become popular spots for raves. Most of the flyers that were designed for Ohio parties had very futuristic themes, often involving robots in the graphics. Between Cleveland, Akron, Columbus and Cincinnati several local dj's had made good names for themselves. Most parties between Ohio and Pittsburgh were featuring dj's like Tigger, Darwin, Ben Kenobi, Hazey, Deep Blue, and Lemon Lyman.

This podcast is an unfinished studio mix that was meant to be discarded nearly a decade ago. It was recovered from an old PC that I was preparing to throw away. The tracklisting is as accurate as I could make it, however there may be some mis-listings.

Green Velvet - Flash
Percy X - Worklife
Frank Dubois - Buckled
Steve Stoll - Thirty
S.O.L. - Solaris
Mijk van Dijk & Thomas Schumacher - Delivery
Ade Fenton - The Stalker
Yousef & Sharam - Into The Groove
Heckmann - Stahlwerk
Gerd - Arkest's Blaze
Sender Berlin - Nana (Alexander Kowalski Remix)

The untold story of Chicago is that after the birth of house, the city developed a major underground scene that mirrored other areas of the United States. By 1993 the Chicago rave scene had really begun to flourish with parties like 100% Pure Hardcore which featured Phantom 45 & Hyperactive; Rejoice which hosted Dubtribe along with Terry Mullan & DB; and See The Light which hosted Moby, Orbital & Aphex Twin.

Throughout the nineties other popular acts in Chicago were Danny Breaks, Ruffneck, Woody Mcbride, John Acquaviva, Sleepy C, and Underground Resistance. The rave scene in Chicago mostly carried over the drum & bass sounds from artists like Phantom 45, techno from Detroit and a lot of Chicago-style acid house. Straight house music dj's were still often featured on lineups with artists like Derrick Carter & Doc Martin.

The dj mixing style of Chicago has, since the days of disco, been a competitive format. As was seen with the birth of house music when dj's were constantly trying to outdo each other, the tradition continued the entire way through the nineties and into present day. Many Chicago dj's specialized in scratching and turntablism and most competed in DMC-style battles. Danny the Wildchild was one of these dj's who competed in and won the 1998 DMC Championships as well as Bad Boy Bill who won First Place one decade earlier in the 1988 DMC Championships.

Bad Boy Bill became famous for taking Chicago house music to a level it had never reached before. Having started his dj'ing with the WBMX dj mixing team "Hot Mix 5" and soon undertaking the challenge of mass producing mixtapes, Bad Boy Bill had developed a base to springboard onto the international music scene. Bill showcased a great deal of local Chicago flavor in his mix series Bangin' the Box which also incorporated a great deal of regional techno. In 1997 he formed House Connection with Richard Humpty Vission. Together they produced two mix compilations that had set the tone for Chicago house mixing in the late nineties.

In 1999 house music continued to progress forward. Pete Heller's "Big Love" was ranked as the #1 dance song of the year by Billboard Magazine while Junior Jack's "My Feeling" reached #31 on the UK Chart. Michael Moog's "That Sound" had also reached #1 on Billboard Magazine's chart, except this did not happen until the year 2000.

The featured session is a house mix that was recorded live during my college years nearly a decade ago. In it's entirety it featured some of the most popular and well-known house and disco house tracks of the 1999 period.

Kamasutra - Burnin
Hardsoul - Fight The Feeling
Celeda - Let The Music Use You Up
Jose Nunez - Hold On (Jazz N Groove Dub)
Ministers De La Funk - Believe (Dub)
Junior Jack - My Feeling (Kick N Deep Mix)
Paul Jacobs - Happy Days (PJ's Unreleased Mix)
Michael Moog - That Sound (Full Intention Dub)
Gambafreaks - Down Down Down (Vocal Mix)
Pete Heller - Big Love (Dronez Mix)

House music hit big internationally in 1987. It was popular in most big cities and in New York and Chicago it was primarily played in gay nightclubs. However in San Francisco, the gayest city in the United States, the crowds continued to listen to high energy disco. A lot of people felt that house music wasn't gay enough. It was too repetitive and too cold for many listeners. Similarly the majority of clubbers did not want to change. After the major AIDS breakouts in the eighties, people living in San Francisco wanted some stability and worrying about the hot new wave of music was not a priority.

In February of 1989, DOc Martin started a Saturday weekly called Recess at City Nights. His idea was to mix gays and straights together which was a completely new concept at the time. Unfortunately the night only lasted a few weeks as attendance began to wear thin after the novelty of the new party wore off. Doc Martin soon moved to Los Angeles to become a dj on their rave circuit while a man named Pete Avila took over things in San Francisco and opened a party called Osmosis.

Osmosis was barely successful, however it provided a haven for people to gather. This haven was a meeting ground for a group of people who would soon form San Francisco's first rave movement. During the year 1990 a group of about a dozen British kids had moved to San Francisco and began dj'ing at Osmosis. These dj's were Garth, Markie Mark, and Jeno. Each of these dj's had participating in the Tonka movement in the late 80s in during England's acid uprising. The Tonka movement was part of the DIY method of traveling sound systems & free parties. Having the same background these dj's stayed together as a collective and called themselves WICKED. Their vision was to bring this DIY method of partying to San Francisco.

The members of WICKED left England to get away from the stress that was surrounding the rave scene. The busts. The promoters that were in it for the money. The clubs and their door policies. Everything was crumbling to them in England. They wanted to live a free partying lifestyle. This ideology struck well with the partykids of San Francisco. The stories of WICKED peace parties and one-love, open air events were attractive. WICKED's full moon parties were the most defining piece of San Francisco's rave history.

WICKED raised money for their free full moon events by hosting a weekly in the basement of a Thai restaurant called Big Heart City. The venue was often used for Goth bands. The party was simply titled "WICKED" and often had a smiley face logo on the front with a quote and a lineup on the back. They were simply flyers which was quite standard back then.

The first Full Moon Rave was in March of 1991 and only drew 80 people. However the people that showed spread the word of the good time and more people caught on to the parties.

While each crew member was dj'ing the WICKED events, Jeno made a large impact on music listeners that came out to the events. He collected broken beat tracks, primarily off of the Shut Up & Dance label. His mixing has been described as "alien" because at the time people were anticipating pounding four-to-the-floor acid house. This method of using breakbeats was new to every dj in San Francisco and pushed the envelope to inspire the rave culture of the United States.

DJ Freshtrax & Ace - Troy
Fantasy UFO - Fantasty (Master of the Universe)
Feel the Power - Feel the Power (Feel the Klonk)
Frankie Bones - Call It Techno (Bonesbreak Dub)
Nation 12 - Hear the Drummer Get Wicked
4 Hero - All Be Free
Direct - Let It Ride

1988-1991 was considered "The Summer of Love" because the expression of youth culture and their culmination at mass gatherings reflected the same sort of hedonism seen in the original Summer of Love in San Francisco in the 1960's. During this time warehouse parties began getting busted by the police frequently and nightclubs were becoming so overcrowded that it was necessary to enforce rigid door policies.

In 1989 the scene made its way from the inner city clubs & warehouses to the countryside. Soon parties such as Sunrise, Biology, Energy, and World Dance came about. All of which maintained to be unlicensed parties drawing thousands of people per event. Acid house became a term that wore off as parties began to be known within the scene as "raves" and broken beats started to be introduced into the music by labels such as Shut Up & Dance.

On September 16, 1989 the first fully licensed event took place at Jankins Lane on the London/Essex border hosted by a crew called Raindance. However within weeks police busted more than a dozen raves as well as raiding pirate radio station Centre Force and arresting their dj's.

Promoters and partygoers became so infuriated that by the end of January of 1990 the "Freedom to Party" campaign marched in London against the "Increased Penalties Bill." Eight hundred people gathered in Trafalgar Square to hear speeches from both promoters & dj's. Later that same night a nearby warehouse was cracked by Weekend World and invited other crews like Sunrise, Genesis, and Biology for a free party that was organized in just a few hours. Police tried to break up the party but there were so many people trying to get into th building that it ended up being allowed to continue until 9am.

Across the world the idea of raving had become well known. Cities all over the world were getting a slow glimpse at the new music culture that quickly flourished. Even in cities around the United States dj's had begun to play what was known as acid house. At that time many dj's had to mix house music with other forms of music, most often electro, eighties synth pop, and rock.

This mix was made in 2003 after I had purchased my first lot of records from the 1987-1990 range. At the time I did not have a wide variety to choose from but the journey begins with Inner City which is a group that reached the #1 spot on international charts 11 times. It is followed by an eclectic mix of other popular songs during that time period.

Inner City - Good Life
808 State - Pacific State
LFO - LFO
A Guy Called Gerald - Emotions Electric
Critical Rhythm - Fall Into A Trance
Maurice - This Is Acid
Bang The Party - Release Your Body
ID
Liasons D - Sirenas
101 - Rock To The Beat
Lil Louis - French Kiss

The underground scene of Australia in the 1980s was made up of artists such as Soho, Planet Patrol, Yaz, and Serious Intention. Many of which were producing a combination of electro, disco and funk. A popular form of dance called the Melbourne shuffle came out of this era. It was a fast heel-toe action that incorporated body movements suitable for underground dance music.

Melbourne becamse a haven for large-scale raves in the nineties era. In 1992 a crew known as the Melbourne Underground Development (MUD) began a series of parties called Every Picture Tells a Story. The parties were held in the Global Village warehouse complex in Footscray, Melbourne and drew crowds by the thousands.

Outside of Melbourne in the Bushland areas, production crews were hosting "doof" parties. Doofs were essentially outdoor festivals held in remote country areas. The most popular area for this type of partying was around Mt. Disappointment for parties such as Earthcore and Kryal Castle.

Across the country, Perth developed it's rave roots when dj's like Roy Jopson, Colin Clarke and Dave Jackson were mixing Detroit and German techno into their dj sets at the Limbos nightclub in 1990. On October 13, 1990 the first official rave was held in Perth that was titled NRG and held at the Network Dance Club on James Street Northbridge.

By 1999 there was a plethora of production companies hosting events anywhere they could get their hands on. Sydney primarily held down a warehouse scene and focused on house music. Perth production crews mainly used nightclubs as their rave havens but catered more towards a hardcore, drum & bass, and trance crowd.

Popular crews in the Perth region were Storm Productions, Bass Agenda Crew, Raggabone, and Technotainment. Some of the venues used by these crews in 1999 were The Factory Nightclub, the warehouse at 65 Edward St, Belmont Park, Osborne Park warehouse (Hutton St), Greenwich Bar, and a "superclub" called Redheads.

The featured mix is a selection from my deep house archives from 1999. During this time much of the dance scene to me had become all about hard trance, hard house, hardcore, hardstep, hard this & hard that. However during that time I always enjoyed taking a step back and going deep & groovy. The majority of these kinds of sets were never played out since it was almost taboo to spin anything deep with the current influx of ravers that had popped up around that time.

Romanthony & DJ Predator - Clap Ya Handz
Joshua - Remember
Miguel Migs - Easy Does It (Discoteque Mix)
Aka Electric - My Sweet Meat
Brooks - Inside the Heads
Petalpusher - Breakin It Down (Migs Dub)
Atjazz - Come & Play
Kerri Chandler - I Know
Blaze - Lovelee Dae (Primitive Dub)
Romanthony & DJ Predator - Music Mind

Owner of Marine Parade Records and one-half of the production crew Tsunami One, Adam Feeland, released a breaks album called "Coastal Breaks" in 1996. At that time Freeland, Rennie Pilgrem and Tayo were hosting a party called Friction. They coined the term "nu skool" to describe the music that they were playing.

Other dj's and producers such as Uberzone, Plump DJ's and Aquasky have since pioneered the nu skool arena. Hybrid was one of the prominent artists to come out of this revolution. In 1999 they released their first album called Wide angle. The compilation was a combination of progressive house and nu skool breaks with vocals and symphonic textures. While they may not necessarily be the originators of the genre, Hybrid was one of the most widely known artists that were producing "progressive breaks."

On the other side of the spectrum there were groups like FreQ Nasty. FreQ Nasty broke down barriers with his music from tracks like "Boomin Back Atcha" to "Move Back". FreQ Nasty was mostly featured on the label Botchit & Scarper.

By the end of 1999 Botchit & Scarper were gearing to change their name to Botchit Breaks. Distinctive Breaks Records was formed shortly after featuring artists such as Way Out West, Icey, Nick Hook and Hybrid.

The nu skool sound had been characterized by most people as slower tempo drum & bass. It was unlike the funky Florida sound or big beat. The primary distinction was in the often growling, sometimes sinister basslines where the funky style of breaks had a lot of focus on using popular samples from funk songs, 80's pop and hip hop. Florida breaks was also influenced by Miami bass which was described in Episode 21. The most notable artists in the Florida breaks scene were DJ Sharaz, Icey and Baby Anne.

While the Orlando scene was highly popularized due to Baby Anne & Icey, it mirrored the nu skool sound while still retaining it's "Florida" feel. However Tampa, FL had forged its own unique sound which was very heavy on sampling and became one of the most notable sound in the Florida breaks category of music. Tampa's biggest pioneers were Huda Hudia & DJ Volume. They formed Kaleidoscope Records in 1997 and churned out 20 classic records before the turn of the millenium.

Since Florida was a prime area for drug trafficking, use of MDMA & cocaine had continued at a high level. A case study performed in 1999 by the DEA showed 3500 drug violation arrests. Around this time a drug known as GHB was being widely used around the country, especially in Florida. The drug was originally meant to be used as a sedative or sleep aid but became recreationally used in the latter period of the nineties. The drug was also popularized by date rapists as high doses of GHB would create a coma-like sleep that would last several hours. In 1999 GHB had become a Federally controlled substance and people became more alert to it's side effects.

This mix was recorded live in 1999. It primarily focused on the nu skool sound which was quite popular at the time, however the end of the mix delves into some of the Tampa style of breaks with Huda Hudia, Sharaz & DJ Volume on the tracklisting.

FreQ Nasty - Taking Liberties
Raw Deal - Oscillators
Tonic & NG - Phoenix
Tonic & NG - San Siro
BT & Tsunami One - Hip Hop Phenomenon
Lenne de Ice - We are I.E.
Inner City - Good Life (Way Out West Remix)
DJ Volume - Unknown
DJ Volume - Get Loose (Sharaz's 4:20 Remix)
Pull's Plastic Playground - 4 On The Floor
Huda Hudia - Drop The Bass Now (Woofer Candy Mix)