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    Trump’s Bold Vision for America: Higher Prices!

    enJune 21, 2024

    Podcast Summary

    • Trump's economic plan and inflationDuring his presidency, Trump's policies led to inflation, now used in his campaign. However, his proposed economic plan with high tariffs could lead to higher prices for consumers and businesses.

      During Donald Trump's presidency, inflation has led to a significant increase in prices, causing many people to look back at his administration more fondly than they might have during the chaos and mismanagement. Trump is now using this nostalgia and the issue of high prices as a campaign angle for his potential return in 2024. However, his economic plan, which includes high tariffs on imported goods, could potentially lead to even higher prices for consumers and businesses, making it a controversial and potentially counterproductive approach. Trump's campaign, which focuses on immigration and inflation, is a stark contrast to Joe Biden's ambitious agenda to raise prices through policies such as tariffs and mass deportations. The policy stakes of these campaigns matter and should be closely examined, rather than just focusing on vibes and threats.

    • Trump's proposed tariffsImplementation of Trump's proposed tariffs on imported intermediate goods could lead to significant consumer price increases and job losses, potentially impacting American producers of complex manufactured goods the most.

      If former President Trump's proposed tariffs on imported intermediate goods are implemented, it could lead to significant increases in consumer prices, potentially up to 3%, and the loss of around half a million jobs. This could particularly impact American producers of complex manufactured goods, who might face challenges in obtaining waivers to import necessary components. The economic consequences could be politically significant, as prices are a major concern for voters, and Trump's policy seems to contradict his rhetoric on inflation. Despite Trump's claims, it's unclear whether the costs would be absorbed by foreign producers or passed on to American consumers. The overall economic impact would depend on factors like foreign reactions and fiscal policies.

    • Tariffs and PoliticsTariffs, while debatable in economic impact, have been politically effective in shaping voter behavior and economic policy. The Biden administration's protectionist stance has attracted foreign companies and created jobs, but also raises consumer costs and trade tensions.

      The use of tariffs as a tool in economic policy has proven to be politically effective, even if their economic impact is debatable. Economist David Otter found that while tariffs didn't significantly change employment or manufacturing in certain areas, they did make people more likely to identify as Republicans and vote for candidates like Trump who advocated for them. The Biden administration has also adopted a more protectionist stance, implementing targeted tariffs and subsidies to foster key industries, such as electric vehicle manufacturing, in the United States. While this approach is more nuanced than traditional free trade or protectionism, it has been effective in attracting foreign companies to set up shop in the US and create jobs. However, it's important to note that this approach also raises the cost of goods for consumers and can lead to trade tensions with other countries. The debate between free trade and protectionism continues, with each administration making strategic choices based on their economic goals and political considerations.

    • Tax Cuts and Budget DeficitsTrump's proposed tax cuts and extension of TCJA could lead to significant budget deficits, higher interest rates, and necessary spending cuts in areas like Social Security, Medicare, military, and immigration enforcement.

      The proposed tax cuts by Trump's team, along with the extension of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, could lead to significant budget deficits and higher interest rates. The costs of extending the TCJA and new tax cuts are much higher than the revenue generated from tariffs. With large spending commitments to areas like Social Security, Medicare, military, and immigration enforcement, significant spending cuts would be necessary to offset the deficits. The consequences could include higher borrowing costs for individuals and businesses, potential problems for the housing market, and challenges for municipalities and small businesses. The history of deficit reduction debates in Washington raises concerns about the long-term implications of these policies.

    • Trump's economic policiesTrump's proposed tax cuts, immigration, and deportation policies could lead to significant economic consequences such as budget crisis, inflation, and decreased production.

      The proposed policies of a potential Trump presidency, specifically regarding corporate tax cuts, immigration, and deportation operations, could lead to significant economic consequences if implemented. The lack of clear fiscal policy and the rhetoric of bringing back "old good times" without addressing the deficit concerns raises uncertainty and potential risks of a budget crisis. The proposed deportation operation, which could be the largest in American history, would require extensive resources and could lead to high costs for the economy, potentially causing inflation and a decrease in production. Additionally, Trump's plans to reduce legal immigration could further shrink the workforce and lead to less overall production in the United States. The interaction of these policies with the proposed tariff plan could lead to stagflation, a combination of high inflation and low growth. It's important to note that these are potential outcomes and the actual impact would depend on various factors, including the feasibility and implementation of these policies.

    • Economic Impact of Immigration PoliciesPolicies reducing workforce through mass deportations and universal base tariff could shrink productivity, increase service costs, and decrease economic growth

      The proposed policies of reducing the workforce through mass deportations and implementing a universal base tariff could significantly impact the American economy by shrinking productivity and increasing the cost of services, particularly in labor-intensive sectors. This could lead to a decrease in economic growth and an increase in the price of essential services for American families. While some argue that raising wages for American workers could offset the loss of immigrant labor, the practicality and desirability of such a scenario are debatable. The discussion also highlighted the importance of acknowledging the complexity of economic issues and avoiding oversimplification or fantastical debates.

    • Immigration Reform and EconomyHigh-skill immigration plays a crucial role in American growth and innovation, but comprehensive reform, including skilled immigration, border security, and a path to citizenship, has been hindered by lack of clear constituency and political pressures. Economic implications of potential Federal Reserve changes could also impact inflation and dollar value.

      High-skill immigrant labor plays a significant role in driving American growth and innovation, particularly in industries like software engineering and semiconductors. However, comprehensive immigration reform, which includes skilled immigration, border security, and a path to citizenship, has been a contentious issue for decades. The lack of a clear constituency for high-scale immigration, coupled with political pressures, has hindered progress. Meanwhile, the economic implications of potential changes to the Federal Reserve, such as lower interest rates and a larger budget deficit under a Republican president, could have significant consequences for inflation and the value of the dollar. These issues underscore the importance of balancing various economic priorities and addressing immigration in a thoughtful, comprehensive manner.

    • Trump's Economic Policies Second TermA second Trump term could lead to significant economic uncertainty and instability due to potential deviations from established policies and unconventional appointments.

      The potential economic policies under a second term of Donald Trump could lead to significant uncertainty and instability, as his administration may deviate from established financial and monetary policies and appoint unconventional figures to key positions. Trump's first term saw the appointment of highly credentialed individuals from the business and military sectors, but their tenures were often tumultuous. A second term could see an even greater influence of Trumpist ideology, potentially leading to a less predictable and less stable economic environment. The uncertainty surrounding Trump's policies and appointments is compounded by his unconventional communication style and his ability to keep people guessing. The outcome of a second Trump term could be vastly different from what many expect, adding to the uncertainty for investors and the economy as a whole.

    • Trump's Economic PoliciesTrump's outdated economic policies could lead to negative consequences, while Biden's flexibility shows promise but more action is needed to address inflation

      Donald Trump's economic policies, which were effective in the context of the economic situation in 2017, are now outdated and potentially harmful given the current economic challenges. Trump's insistence on continuing with his same policies despite the changed circumstances is a cause for concern. His proposals, such as adding tariffs and mass deportations, are simple but could lead to negative consequences, including higher prices and a loss of workers. The Biden administration, on the other hand, has shown some flexibility in response to the changing economic landscape, but could do more to address the inflation issue directly. Overall, Trump's economic intuitions may have served him well in the past, but they are not a good fit for the present economic situation.

    • Biden's Economic MessagingPresident Biden faces a challenge in effectively communicating his economic policies to voters, particularly in contrast to Trump's perceived economic normalcy. He needs to position himself as a defender of orthodoxy and address concerns over inflation and taxes to differentiate himself.

      The Democratic Party, led by President Joe Biden, faces a challenge in effectively communicating their economic policies to voters, particularly in contrast to the perceived economic normalcy associated with former President Donald Trump. The discussion highlights the importance of Biden positioning himself as a defender of orthodoxy and addressing concerns over inflation and taxes. The success of Democrats like Josh Shapiro, Gretchen Whitmer, and Jared Polis in focusing on the issues of everyday people has been noted. However, the Biden administration has not effectively conveyed this message, and Trump's association with economic normalcy poses a significant challenge. The lack of vocal opposition from business leaders and CEOs has further complicated the situation. To overcome this, Biden needs to find a way to effectively communicate his economic policies and differentiate himself from Trump's agenda. Recommended Books: 1. Taking Back the Game by Linda Flanagan 2. 1177, The Year Civilization Collapse by Eric Klein 3. The Rise of the G.I. Army by Paul Dixon

    • Political ForesightUnderstanding historical examples of political leaders who had the ability to see the future and shape it accordingly can provide valuable insights for navigating political complexities today.

      While it may be challenging to predict political outcomes, it's worth looking back at the past for valuable insights. In this episode of The Ezra Klein Show, Matt Iglesias discussed the importance of foresight in politics and shared examples from history where political leaders had the ability to see the future and shape it accordingly. This thought-provoking conversation was made possible by a talented team of producers, fact-checkers, mixers, and editors, as well as the executive producer of New York Times' opinion audio. Overall, this episode serves as a reminder that understanding the past can help us navigate the complexities of the present and future in politics.

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    Trump’s Bold Vision for America: Higher Prices!

    Donald Trump has made inflation a central part of his campaign message. At his rallies, he rails against “the Biden inflation tax” and “crooked Joe’s inflation nightmare,” and promises that in a second Trump term, “inflation will be in full retreat.”

    But if you look at Trump’s actual policies, that wouldn’t be the case at all. Trump has a bold, ambitious agenda to make prices much, much higher. He’s proposing a 10 percent tariff on imported goods, and a 60 percent tariff on products from China. He wants to deport huge numbers of immigrants. And he’s made it clear that he’d like to replace the Federal Reserve chair with someone more willing to take orders from him. It’s almost unimaginable to me that you would run on this agenda at a time when Americans are so mad about high prices. But I don’t think people really know that’s what Trump is vowing to do.

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    In this conversation, we discuss what would happen to the economy, especially in terms of inflation, if Trump actually did what he says he wants to do; what we can learn from how Trump managed the economy in his first term; and why more people aren’t sounding the alarm.

    Mentioned:

    Trump’s new economic plan is terrible” by Matthew Yglesias

    Never mind: Wall Street titans shake off qualms and embrace Trump” by Sam Sutton

    How Far Trump Would Go” by Eric Cortellessa

    Book Recommendations:

    Take Back the Game by Linda Flanagan

    1177 B.C. by Eric H. Cline

    The Rise of the G.I. Army, 1940-1941 by Paul Dickson

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    Mentioned:

    The ‘Need for Chaos’ and Motivations to Share Hostile Political Rumors” by Michael Bang Petersen, Mathias Osmundsen and Kevin Arceneaux

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    What Goes Without Saying by Taylor N. Carlson and Jaime E. Settle

    Through the Grapevine by Taylor N. Carlson

    Sorry I’m Late, I Didn’t Want to Come by Jessica Pan

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    At the time, prices weren’t the big topic in the economy; the focus was more on jobs and wages. So it was easier for this trend to slip notice, like a frog boiling in water, quietly, putting more and more strain on American budgets. But today, after years of high inflation, prices are the biggest topic in the economy. And I think that explains the anger people feel: They’re noticing the price of things all the time, and getting hammered with the reality of how expensive these things have become.

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    Mentioned:

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    The Republican Party’s Decay Began Long Before Trump

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    After Donald Trump was convicted last week in his hush-money trial, Republican leaders wasted no time in rallying behind him. There was no chance the Republican Party was going to replace Trump as their nominee at this point. Trump has essentially taken over the G.O.P.; his daughter-in-law is even co-chair of the Republican National Committee.

    How did the Republican Party get so weak that it could fall victim to a hostile takeover?

    Daniel Schlozman and Sam Rosenfeld are the authors of “The Hollow Parties: The Many Pasts and Disordered Present of American Party Politics,” which traces how both major political parties have been “hollowed out” over the decades, transforming once-powerful gatekeeping institutions into mere vessels for the ideologies of specific candidates. And they argue that this change has been perilous for our democracy.

    In this conversation, we discuss how the power of the parties has been gradually chipped away; why the Republican Party became less ideological and more geared around conflict; the merits of a stronger party system; and more.

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    Your Mind Is Being Fracked

    Your Mind Is Being Fracked

    The steady dings of notifications. The 40 tabs that greet you when you open your computer in the morning. The hundreds of unread emails, most of them spam, with subject lines pleading or screaming for you to click. Our attention is under assault these days, and most of us are familiar with the feeling that gives us — fractured, irritated, overwhelmed.

    D. Graham Burnett calls the attention economy an example of “human fracking”: With our attention in shorter and shorter supply, companies are going to even greater lengths to extract this precious resource from us. And he argues that it’s now reached a point that calls for a kind of revolution. “This is creating conditions that are at odds with human flourishing. We know this,” he tells me. “And we need to mount new forms of resistance.”

    Burnett is a professor of the history of science at Princeton University and is working on a book about the laboratory study of attention. He’s also a co-founder of the Strother School of Radical Attention, which is a kind of grass roots, artistic effort to create a curriculum for studying attention.

    In this conversation, we talk about how the 20th-century study of attention laid the groundwork for today’s attention economy, the connection between changing ideas of attention and changing ideas of the self, how we even define attention (this episode is worth listening to for Burnett’s collection of beautiful metaphors alone), whether the concern over our shrinking attention spans is simply a moral panic, what it means to teach attention and more.

    Mentioned:

    Friends of Attention

    The Battle for Attention” by Nathan Heller

    Powerful Forces Are Fracking Our Attention. We Can Fight Back.” by D. Graham Burnett, Alyssa Loh and Peter Schmidt

    Scenes of Attention edited by D. Graham Burnett and Justin E. H. Smith

    Book Recommendations:

    Addiction by Design by Natasha Dow Schüll

    Objectivity by Lorraine Daston and Peter L. Galison

    The Confidence-Man by Herman Melville

    Thoughts? Guest suggestions? Email us at ezrakleinshow@nytimes.com.

    You can find transcripts (posted midday) and more episodes of “The Ezra Klein Show” at nytimes.com/ezra-klein-podcast. Book recommendations from all our guests are listed at https://www.nytimes.com/article/ezra-klein-show-book-recs.

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    ‘Artificial Intelligence?’ No, Collective Intelligence.

    ‘Artificial Intelligence?’ No, Collective Intelligence.

    A.I.-generated art has flooded the internet, and a lot of it is derivative, even boring or offensive. But what could it look like for artists to collaborate with A.I. systems in making art that is actually generative, challenging, transcendent?

    Holly Herndon offered one answer with her 2019 album “PROTO.” Along with Mathew Dryhurst and the programmer Jules LaPlace, she built an A.I. called “Spawn” trained on human voices that adds an uncanny yet oddly personal layer to the music. Beyond her music and visual art, Herndon is trying to solve a problem that many creative people are encountering as A.I. becomes more prominent: How do you encourage experimentation without stealing others’ work to train A.I. models? Along with Dryhurst, Jordan Meyer and Patrick Hoepner, she co-founded Spawning, a company figuring out how to allow artists — and all of us creating content on the internet — to “consent” to our work being used as training data.

    In this conversation, we discuss how Herndon collaborated with a human chorus and her “A.I. baby,” Spawn, on “PROTO”; how A.I. voice imitators grew out of electronic music and other musical genres; why Herndon prefers the term “collective intelligence” to “artificial intelligence”; why an “opt-in” model could help us retain more control of our work as A.I. trawls the internet for data; and much more.

    Mentioned:

    Fear, Uncertainty, Doubt” by Holly Herndon

    xhairymutantx” by Holly Herndon and Mat Dryhurst, for the Whitney Museum of Art

    Fade” by Holly Herndon

    Swim” by Holly Herndon

    Jolene” by Holly Herndon and Holly+

    Movement” by Holly Herndon

    Chorus” by Holly Herndon

    Godmother” by Holly Herndon

    The Precision of Infinity” by Jlin and Philip Glass

    Holly+

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    Intelligence and Spirit by Reza Negarestani

    Children of Time by Adrian Tchaikovsky

    Plurality by E. Glen Weyl, Audrey Tang and ⿻ Community

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    You can find transcripts (posted midday) and more episodes of “The Ezra Klein Show” at nytimes.com/ezra-klein-podcast. Book recommendations from all our guests are listed at https://www.nytimes.com/article/ezra-klein-show-book-recs.

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    The Ezra Klein Show
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    A Conservative Futurist and a Supply-Side Liberal Walk Into a Podcast …

    A Conservative Futurist and a Supply-Side Liberal Walk Into a Podcast …

    “The Jetsons” premiered in 1962. And based on the internal math of the show, George Jetson, the dad, was born in 2022. He’d be a toddler right now. And we are so far away from the world that show imagined. There were a lot of future-trippers in the 1960s, and most of them would be pretty disappointed by how that future turned out.

    So what happened? Why didn’t we build that future?

    The answer, I think, lies in the 1970s. I’ve been spending a lot of time studying that decade in my work, trying to understand why America is so bad at building today. And James Pethokoukis has also spent a lot of time looking at the 1970s, in his work trying to understand why America is less innovative today than it was in the postwar decades. So Pethokoukis and I are asking similar questions, and circling the same time period, but from very different ideological vantages.

    Pethokoukis is a senior fellow at the American Enterprise Institute, and author of the book “The Conservative Futurist: How to Create the Sci-Fi World We Were Promised.” He also writes a newsletter called Faster, Please! “The two screamingly obvious things that we stopped doing is we stopped spending on science, research and development the way we did in the 1960s,” he tells me, “and we began to regulate our economy as if regulation would have no impact on innovation.”

    In this conversation, we debate why the ’70s were such an inflection point; whether this slowdown phenomenon is just something that happens as countries get wealthier; and what the government’s role should be in supporting and regulating emerging technologies like A.I.

    Mentioned:

    U.S. Infrastructure: 1929-2017” by Ray C. Fair

    Book Recommendations

    Why Information Grows by Cesar Hidalgo

    The Expanse series by James S.A. Corey

    The American Dream Is Not Dead by Michael R. Strain

    Thoughts? Guest suggestions? Email us at ezrakleinshow@nytimes.com.

    You can find transcripts (posted midday) and more episodes of “The Ezra Klein Show” at nytimes.com/ezra-klein-podcast. Book recommendations from all our guests are listed at https://www.nytimes.com/article/ezra-klein-show-book-recs.

    This episode of “The Ezra Klein Show” was produced by Rollin Hu. Fact-checking by Michelle Harris, with Mary Marge Locker and Kate Sinclair. Our senior engineer is Jeff Geld, with additional mixing by Aman Sahota. Our senior editor is Claire Gordon. The show’s production team also includes Annie Galvin, Elias Isquith and Kristin Lin. Original music by Isaac Jones. Audience strategy by Kristina Samulewski and Shannon Busta. The executive producer of New York Times Opinion Audio is Annie-Rose Strasser. And special thanks to Sonia Herrero.

    The Ezra Klein Show
    enMay 21, 2024

    The Disastrous Relationship Between Israel, Palestinians and the U.N.

    The Disastrous Relationship Between Israel, Palestinians and the U.N.

    The international legal system was created to prevent the atrocities of World War II from happening again. The United Nations partitioned historic Palestine to create the states of Israel and Palestine, but also left Palestinians with decades of false promises. The war in Gaza — and countless other conflicts, including those in Syria, Yemen and Ethiopia — shows how little power the U.N. and international law have to protect civilians in wartime. So what is international law actually for?

    Aslı Ü. Bâli is a professor at Yale Law School who specializes in international and comparative law. “The fact that people break the law and sometimes get away with it doesn’t mean the law doesn’t exist and doesn’t have force,” she argues.

    In this conversation, Bâli traces the gap between how international law is written on paper and the realpolitik of how countries decide to follow it, the U.N.’s unique role in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict from its very beginning, how the laws of war have failed Gazans but may be starting to change the conflict’s course, and more.

    Mentioned:

    With Schools in Ruins, Education in Gaza Will Be Hobbled for Years” by Liam Stack and Bilal Shbair

    Book Recommendations:

    Imperialism, Sovereignty and the Making of International Law by Antony Anghie

    Justice for Some by Noura Erakat

    Worldmaking After Empire by Adom Getachew

    The Constitutional Bind by Aziz Rana

    The United Nations and the Question of Palestine by Ardi Imseis

    Thoughts? Guest suggestions? Email us at ezrakleinshow@nytimes.com.

    You can find transcripts (posted midday) and more episodes of “The Ezra Klein Show” at nytimes.com/ezra-klein-podcast. Book recommendations from all our guests are listed at https://www.nytimes.com/article/ezra-klein-show-book-recs.

    This episode of “The Ezra Klein Show” was produced by Annie Galvin. Fact-checking by Michelle Harris. Our senior engineer is Jeff Geld, with additional mixing by Aman Sahota and Isaac Jones. Our senior editor is Claire Gordon. The show’s production team also includes Rollin Hu, Elias Isquith and Kristin Lin. Original music by Isaac Jones. Audience strategy by Kristina Samulewski and Shannon Busta. The executive producer of New York Times Opinion Audio is Annie-Rose Strasser. Special thanks to Carole Sabouraud.

    The Ezra Klein Show
    enMay 17, 2024