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    Why Don't We Have a 15-hour Work Week?

    enJuly 08, 2024

    Podcast Summary

    • Keynes' vision vs. realityDespite technological advancements and increased standards of living, people today work longer hours and report more time stress than in previous decades, contradicting Keynes' prediction of a 15-hour work week and ample leisure time.

      The predictions of economist John Maynard Keynes about a utopian future with a 15-hour work week and ample leisure time may not have entirely materialized. Despite increased standards of living and technological advancements, people today work longer hours and report more time stress than in previous decades. This disconnect between Keynes' vision and reality highlights the complex relationship between work, productivity, and happiness. Understanding the science of the mind and challenging our assumptions about what truly makes us happy can help us reclaim the leisure time we deserve.

    • Efficiency trapThe constant pursuit of doing more can lead to a joyless state of busyness and overwhelm, rather than productivity or fulfillment. Instead, focus on living in the present moment and finding balance.

      Striving for maximum efficiency and productivity can lead to a never-ending cycle of busyness and stress. Oliver Crescent, in his article "This Column Will Change Your Life," shares his personal experience of trying to manage his overwhelming workload through various productivity hacks, only to realize that the more efficient he became, the more work he attracted. This phenomenon, which he calls the "efficiency trap," can apply to various aspects of life, including work projects and personal experiences. The constant pursuit of doing more can lead to a permanent state of feeling overwhelmed, and the desire to be busy can even become a status symbol. However, this relentless busyness often results in a joyless sense of urgency rather than productivity or fulfillment. It's essential to recognize that time is not a finite resource to be managed, but rather a series of moments to be lived. Instead of focusing on doing an infinite amount of things, try to appreciate the present moment and find balance in your life.

    • Productivity in Knowledge WorkTraditional productivity measurements can lead to misery, long hours, and lack of autonomy in knowledge work. Rethink productivity to focus on quality and autonomy.

      Our traditional ways of measuring productivity, particularly in knowledge work, are outdated and can lead to misery for workers. The focus on visible activity as a proxy for productivity has resulted in long hours, surveillance, and a lack of autonomy. With the rise of digital technology, the problem has worsened, leading to an unlimited supply of work and constant pressure to be visible. It's essential to rethink our approach to productivity and consider the unique challenges of knowledge work, allowing for autonomy and a focus on the quality of work rather than the quantity of visible activity.

    • Pseudo-productivityExcessive focus on leaving tangible evidence of work can hinder deep focus and decrease productivity, happiness, and well-being. Adopt principles of slow productivity for better focus, quality output, and well-being.

      The pressure to constantly show visible productivity in the digital age, known as pseudo-productivity, can significantly hinder the ability to focus deeply on important tasks and ultimately decrease overall productivity, happiness, and well-being. This phenomenon, which has influenced both managers and knowledge workers, leads to an excessive focus on leaving tangible evidence of work, often at the expense of uninterrupted focus and quality output. To combat this issue, it's essential to adopt a more humanistic and evidence-based approach to productivity, such as the principles of slow productivity, which emphasize doing fewer things at once, working at a more natural pace, and focusing on the quality of work. By adopting these principles, individuals can not only increase their productivity but also reduce stress and improve overall well-being.

    • Working at a natural paceEmbrace small seasonality and focus on quality to increase productivity and effectiveness in knowledge work, while minimizing distractions and avoiding burnout.

      To be more productive and effective in knowledge work, we need to work at a more natural pace and create a work environment that supports cognitive work. Applying a factory model to cognitive work doesn't work, as our brains don't operate like an assembly line. Instead, we should embrace small seasonality, which means intentionally building in periods of lower intensity to allow for recharging and inspiration. Additionally, we should separate our workspace from our living space to minimize distractions and focus on the quality of our work. Obsessing over quality justifies going slower and gives us more leverage and control over our work. However, this focus on quality also requires accepting that we may not have enough time to do everything we care about. Embracing these principles can help us avoid burnout and live more meaningful, focused lives.

    • Limited Time, Intentional ChoicesEmbrace the idea of a limited life to make intentional choices about high-quality work and avoid distractions, multitasking, and time-wasting activities.

      Recognizing the finite nature of our time can help us make more intentional choices about how we spend it. Former productivity junkie Oliver Berkman encourages embracing the idea of a limited life and focusing on high-quality work rather than trying to do everything. By acknowledging that we won't have time for all the things that seem important, we can become more deliberate about what we prioritize. This can help us avoid distractions, multitasking, and other time-wasting activities, allowing us to be more productive and focused on what truly matters.

    • Mortality and ProductivityEmbracing mortality and practicing effective time management can lead to increased happiness and productivity. The slow productivity approach can help focus on important projects, but accepting the finite nature of time may provide additional benefits.

      Embracing the reality of our mortality and practicing effective time management can lead to increased happiness and productivity. The speaker has adopted Cal Newport's slow productivity approach, which involves doing less at one time and focusing on the projects that truly matter. However, she has struggled with Oliver Berkman's advice to accept our mortality and the finite nature of our time. Despite her initial discomfort with this idea, she wonders if embracing it could lead to greater happiness. The speaker also announced a new podcast, "Medal of Honor," where they will explore stories of courage and sacrifice from recipients of the highest military decoration in the United States.

    Recent Episodes from The Happiness Lab with Dr. Laurie Santos

    Pushkin Goes to the Olympics

    Pushkin Goes to the Olympics

    Legends are made at the Olympics and this summer shows across the Pushkin network are bringing their unique takes to Olympic stories. This special episode includes excerpts from a few: a Cautionary Tale about underestimating female marathoners, a Jesse Owens story from Revisionist History’s series on Hitler’s Olympics, and—from What’s Your Problem—the new technology that’s helping Olympic athletes get stronger.

    Check out other show feeds as well, the Happiness Lab and A Slight Change of Plans are also going to the Games.

    Sylvia Blemker of Springbok Analytics on What’s Your Problem

    The Women Who Broke the Marathon Taboo on Cautionary Tales

    Hitler’s Olympics from Revisionist History

    See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

    The Happiness of the Long Distance Runner

    The Happiness of the Long Distance Runner

    Georgia Bell was a great runner as a child - but in college she fell out of love with the sport. She hung up her running shoes - and they gathered dust until Covid hit and she began to run again for fun. Turns out that aged 30, she's one of the fastest women in the world and is now headed to the Olympics!

    Georgia tells Dr Laurie Santos how she regained her enthusiasm for the 1500m race - and reflects on the happiness lessons she's picked up in her dramatic return to the very pinnacle of her sport.  

    Check out more Olympics related content from Pushkin Industries and iHeartPodcasts here.

    See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

    How Talking to a Friend Helps (Live at The International Festival of Arts and Ideas)

    How Talking to a Friend Helps (Live at The International Festival of Arts and Ideas)

    Making shows about her own happiness challenges was both fun and instructive for Dr Laurie, but it also took guts to be so vulnerable and open. She later spoke to her close friend at Yale Dr Tamar Gendler about the experience. This private chat threw up lots of interesting insights, so when the duo were asked to speak at the 2024 International Festival of Arts and Ideas... they decided to share parts of that private conversation with the public.  

    See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

    A Matter of Life and Death

    A Matter of Life and Death

    Dr Laurie HATES thinking about her own death. It's scary, creepy and morbid, right? Wrong. Thinking about our finite lives can makes us better, happier people.  The shadow of death makes us behave more kindly towards others, and can motivate us both to enjoy the little joys of life and seek out greater fulfilment in our careers and in our relationships. 

    But you need to look death square in the face - and that's not easy for a thanatophobe like Dr Laurie. To help her, she enlists psychologist Jodi Wellman (author of You Only Die Once: How to Make It to the End with No Regrets) and death doula Alua Arthur (author of  Briefly Perfectly Human: Making an Authentic Life by Getting Real About the End).

    See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

    Why Don't We Have a 15-hour Work Week?

    Why Don't We Have a 15-hour Work Week?

    By 2030 we'll only work 15 hours a week, predicted the legendary economist John Maynard Keynes back in 1930. He thought advances in technology and wealth would let us earn enough money to live in a day or two - leaving the rest of the week for leisure and community service. 

    How wrong he was. We seem to be working more than ever - with technology adding extra tasks to our workdays (like answering emails and monitoring Slack). Dr Laurie longs for more leisure time, but how can she tame her fear of being "unproductive"? 

    Computer scientist Cal Newport explains how we all got into this mess - and why we still treat modern employees as if they were farm laborers or assembly line workers. Reformed "productivity junkie" Oliver Burkeman also offers tips on how to concentrate our minds on fulfilling and important work - and not little tasks that chew up so much of our days. 

    See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

    Does the You of Today Hate the You of Tomorrow?

    Does the You of Today Hate the You of Tomorrow?

    We often do things now that will make our lives more difficult or stressful in the future. We spend money, when we should save. We eat junk food, when we should exercise. We agree to commitments, when we should protect our free time. We act so thoughtlessly that it's almost like we hate our future selves. 

    Dr Laurie asks UCLA's Hal Hershfield to help her find the happiness balance between listening to what she wants now, and the preferences she might have in the future. And she steps into an AI time machine to get some happiness advice for herself decades from today. 

    See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

    The Power of Awe... and Where to Find it

    The Power of Awe... and Where to Find it

    Awe reduces stress, helps us forget our minor worries and makes us feel more connected to the people around us. We all need more awe in our lives - but surely it's not that easy to find awesome experiences on your average Tuesday?

    Actor Tony Hale explains how everyday awe helps ease his anxieties, while UC Berkeley's Dacher Keltner shows us how to find awe in music, art, scenery... even in a walk around our block. And Dr Laurie explores the things that give her a sense of awe with the help of Mike Menzel - who built a space telescope that lets us see billions of years into the past.  

    See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

    How to Tame Stress

    How to Tame Stress

    Dr Laurie is stressed, and it's harming her health. Constant worry and stress is bad for our bodies and our minds, but how can we break the cycle and relax? It turns out scientists have learned a lot from one of America's most stressed-out communities - caregivers.  

    Hollywood star Steve Guttenberg talks about the toughest chapter of his life - caring for his dying dad - and Dr Elissa Epel explains why some caregivers suffer badly from stress, while others seem to find ways to live with the awful situation they find themselves in daily.  

    Further reading:

    Steve Guttenberg - Time to Thank: Caregiving for My Hero.

    Dr Elissa Epel - The Stress Prescription: Seven Days to More Joy and Ease

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    How I Stopped Fearing Boredom

    How I Stopped Fearing Boredom

    Dr Laurie HATES boredom! Since childhood she's found it so painful that she'll do anything to avoid being bored. She'll watch crappy TV. She'll find extra work to do. She'll snack. But boredom is actually an incredibly useful tool to boost our happiness and creativity.  

    With the help of leading boredom experts, Dr Laurie learns how to embrace doing nothing and finds that in the midst of tedium our brains can come up with the most amazing breakthrough ideas. 

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    How to Fight Perfectionism

    How to Fight Perfectionism

    Holding yourself to impossibly high standards is self-defeating and makes for a miserable life. Can Dr Laurie Santos find ways to tackle her constant perfectionism so she can perform better and have more fun? 

    She hears from researcher Thomas Curran about a worrying growth in perfectionism in society, and asks "recovering perfectionist" Jordana Confino how to tackle the nagging voice in your head telling you to always push yourself and work harder.  

    See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.