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    • The Power of Ownership in Career and LifeOwnership leads to significant wealth and success in career, but can also bring emotional turmoil in personal life. Be mindful of the consequences of actions taken in both domains.

      Learning from the discussion and the excerpt from Henry Bushkin's book about Johnny Carson is the importance of ownership in one's career and personal life. Johnny Carson's story illustrates how being in control of one's professional endeavors can lead to significant wealth and success. In the first half of his career, Carson was underpaid because he didn't own the show. However, in the second half, after gaining ownership, he became unbelievably wealthy. The story also highlights the dangers and emotional turmoil that can come with discovering a spouse's infidelity, and the fine line between taking matters into one's own hands and crossing ethical boundaries. The anecdote about Carson's discovery of his wife's affair, as recounted in the book, is a vivid reminder of the potential consequences of such situations. Overall, the discussion and the excerpt provide valuable insights into the importance of ownership, the complexities of personal relationships, and the potential risks and rewards of taking action.

    • Johnny Carson's Journey to Becoming a Talk Show ChampionJohnny Carson's dedication, focus, and ability to seize opportunities made him the undisputed champion of talk shows, inspiring future hosts and leaving a lasting legacy.

      Johnny Carson, despite facing numerous challenges and not being NBC's first choice, made the most of his opportunity to host The Tonight Show and became a universally recognized champion in the world of talk shows. Carson's close relationship with his attorney and biographer, Henry, provides a unique perspective on Carson's complex personality, showcasing both his positive attributes and negative behaviors. Carson's dedication to his craft and focus on The Tonight Show set the standard for future talk show hosts, and his impact continues to be felt long after his retirement and passing. Carson's legacy as the undisputed champion of talk shows is evident in the countless imitators who have followed in his footsteps. Carson's story serves as a reminder that becoming the best in the world at anything requires hard work, focus, and the ability to seize opportunities when they arise.

    • Johnny Carson's Complexity: Entertainer vs. IntrovertStay true to yourself, rely on natural talents, own your work, and have leverage for financial success.

      Johnny Carson, despite entertaining millions of viewers every night, was a complex and introverted individual. His ability to connect with audiences and maintain his longevity in the entertainment industry came from staying true to himself and relying on his natural talents, rather than playing a role or seeking validation through relationships. Another key takeaway is the importance of owning one's work and having leverage in order to achieve financial success. Carson's show generated significant revenue for NBC, but he didn't build substantial wealth until he owned the program himself. Understanding Carson's artistry and the esteem in which he was held is essential to appreciating his unique complexity as a world-class entertainer and introverted loner.

    • Carson's unexpected tennis question during interviewCarson's focus on craft led to iconic status, but personal struggles remained. Success doesn't guarantee happiness.

      Johnny Carson, despite his immense success and wealth, struggled with emotional turmoil and the need for control. Another key takeaway is his focus and staying within his circle of competence, which allowed him to excel in his chosen field. During his job interview with Carson, Henry was surprised when Carson asked him about his tennis skills and expected him to join him for a game if he got the job. This shows Carson's unique way of building a world within his world, prioritizing what he enjoyed and expected those around him to do the same. Despite his personal struggles, Carson's determination and focus on his craft led him to become an icon in the entertainment industry. However, the book serves as a reminder that success and wealth do not guarantee happiness.

    • Wealth and success don't ensure happinessRegardless of wealth, success, or fame, personal growth and addressing past traumas are crucial for a fulfilling life. Trusting the wrong people can also negatively impact finances.

      Wealth and success do not guarantee happiness, as shown in the story of Johnny Carson. Despite having one of the best jobs in the world, fame, and high pay, Carson was not content due to unresolved issues from his past. His regrets and self-loathing led him to seek solace in heavy drinking and smoking, ultimately leading to his untimely death from emphysema. It's a reminder that personal growth and dealing with past traumas are essential for a fulfilling life, regardless of external circumstances. Additionally, the people around us can significantly impact our financial situation, as seen in Carson's case, where those he trusted mismanaged his money.

    • Protecting Investments with Deferred CompensationDeferred compensation can provide financial security and peace of mind, but individuals must learn financial management to avoid potential mismanagement.

      The entertainment industry can take advantage of talent, leaving them with little control over their finances. Johnny Carson, for instance, was paid $100,000 a week by NBC but only received $3,000, with the rest being deferred. This deal was a hedge against Carson's talent, protecting NBC's investment if his career had not lasted. However, Carson's personal situation left him vulnerable to financial mismanagement, with high expenses and a lack of savings or retirement funds. Similar situations can be seen in the Bobby Bonilla deal, where the baseball player receives annual payments long after his retirement. While some may argue that deferred compensation is a bad idea, it can provide financial security and peace of mind. Ultimately, it's crucial for individuals to learn about financial management and protect themselves from potential mismanagement by those around them.

    • Lessons from Johnny Carson's Career and Personal LifeUnderstanding contracts and equity, being present in parenting, having trustworthy advisors, and negotiating are crucial for success in both business and personal life.

      Having equity and understanding contracts are crucial for building wealth and avoiding exploitation. Johnny Carson learned this the hard way when he discovered he owned no equity in his apparel company, despite wearing their clothes on his show and having his name attached to it. This experience underscores the importance of reading contracts carefully and ensuring that one has a significant stake in business ventures. Another key lesson is the importance of attention and presence in parenting. Despite providing for his family financially, Johnny Carson was criticized for not being a significant presence in his children's lives. This highlights the need for a balance between providing for one's family and being present and engaged in their lives. Additionally, the anecdotes shared illustrate the importance of having trustworthy advisors and being willing to negotiate and stand up for oneself in business deals. Overall, these lessons serve as reminders for the importance of understanding the business side of one's career, being present in one's personal life, and being willing to advocate for oneself.

    • Johnny Carson's unwavering dedication to his workFocusing on your passions and putting in the necessary effort can lead to immense success despite personal challenges and insecurities.

      Johnny Carson's unwavering dedication to his work was the constant in his life, despite personal challenges and insecurities from others. He knew the value of putting in the required effort and took his craft seriously, leading to immense success. His mother, Ruth Carson, was a critical figure but impossible to please, adding to his professional insecurities. Despite this, Johnny continued to focus on his work and eventually found financial stability, even when faced with extortion attempts and other distractions. This unwavering commitment to his craft serves as an inspiring reminder to focus on our passions and put in the necessary effort to achieve our goals.

    • Protecting loved ones and avoiding mistakesSuccess and happiness come from prioritizing personal relationships and avoiding mistakes, as shown in Johnny Carson's life.

      Putting oneself in harm's way to protect loved ones and avoiding avoidable mistakes are key to success and happiness, as portrayed in the life story of Johnny Carson. Despite his fearlessness in protecting his family, his personal relationships, including marriages, suffered due to infidelity and prioritization issues. Carson's experience highlights Charlie Munger's philosophy that it's easier to be not stupid than brilliant. Carson's inability to sustain fake sociability and his need to be the number one priority in relationships led to the end of many relationships. Additionally, his friendships were often transactional, and he had few close friends. Despite his fame, it was difficult for Carson to distinguish true friends from those who used him for personal gain. Ultimately, Carson's life serves as a reminder that prioritizing personal relationships and avoiding mistakes can lead to greater success and happiness.

    • Johnny Carson's departure from NBC and ownership in HollywoodJohnny Carson's departure from NBC underscores the importance of ownership and control in Hollywood, even for successful entertainers.

      Johnny Carson's decision to leave NBC, despite being an indispensable asset and earning the network immense profits, was a bold move that led him to own the show. Carson's intentions for leaving were unclear, but it was revealed that he was tired and frustrated. However, it was also shown that the real money and power in Hollywood went to those who owned the companies producing the programs, such as Aaron Spelling and Merv Griffin. When word got out about a potential lawsuit between Johnny and NBC, ABC showed interest, leading to a private mediation. This incident highlights the importance of ownership and control in the entertainment industry, even for the most beloved and successful entertainers.

    • Leveraging Unique Talents and Popularity for Better DealsUnderstanding your value and potential for growth can give you negotiating power. Johnny Carson used his unique talents, popularity, and awards to secure better deals, ultimately leading to significant financial gains.

      Understanding the value of what you have and the potential for growth can give you leverage in negotiations. In the case of Johnny Carson, he used his unique talents and popularity to negotiate better deals, ultimately leading to significant financial gains. The advice of industry veteran Lew Wasserman, who emphasized the difficulty of changing viewer habits, played a crucial role in Carson's decision to stay with NBC. Despite his initial disdain for awards, Carson's numerous accolades added to his bargaining power. Ultimately, Carson's career shift brought him unprecedented wealth, as NBC offered him a record-breaking deal worth $1,000,000 a year, giving him ownership and control of the Tonight Show.

    • Johnny Carson's Unwanted White House TourJohnny Carson's ego led him to accept a hosting gig for Ronald Reagan, resulting in an unwanted White House tour and a public apology. Despite his success, he valued hard work and cherished experiences, especially those in Vegas with famous entertainers.

      Johnny Carson, the iconic television host of The Tonight Show, held a unique position of power and influence during his time, comparable to Oprah Winfrey in later years. However, his ego led him to accept hosting an event for Ronald Reagan, which resulted in an unwanted tour of the White House and a public apology from the president. Despite his immense success and wealth, Carson had a strong work ethic and preferred to perform and be the center of attention, often going on the road to avoid domestic life. The Vegas chapter of his memoir serves as a reminder to have fun and cherish experiences, as the memories made there with famous entertainers were some of the happiest moments of his life. Ultimately, Carson's story teaches us to keep our egos in check, value hard work, and embrace opportunities for personal growth and enjoyment.

    • The power of focusing on what you're good at and continuously adding value to itFocusing on your strengths and continuously adding value can lead to significant returns, even if not initially for the money. Enjoy the fruits of your labor and stay dedicated to your goals.

      Focusing on what you're good at and continuously adding value to it can lead to significant returns, even if the initial motivation isn't solely for the money. This was evident in Johnny Carson's decision to perform at Caesar's Palace, where he saw it as a challenge to compete against Sinatra rather than just for the financial gain. Similarly, Johnny's decision to not sell his company to Coca-Cola and instead focus on his show illustrates the power of dedication and the potential oversized returns it can bring. The text also emphasizes the importance of enjoying the fruits of your labor and not getting distracted by external pressures or opportunities that may not align with your goals. Ultimately, the success stories of great entrepreneurs like John D. Rockefeller, Andrew Carnegie, Sam Walton, Bill Gates, and Jeff Bezos all demonstrate the importance of singular focus and dedication to a product or innovation.

    • Prioritizing time and energy for what truly mattersUnderstanding that excess wealth or opportunities aren't always worth sacrificing valuable time and energy for personal growth and happiness

      Focusing on what truly matters in life and not getting distracted by excess material wealth is essential for personal growth and happiness. This idea was emphasized by both Johnny Carson and Ed Thorpe, who understood the importance of keeping the main thing the main thing. Johnny prioritized his time and energy for his show, while Ed Thorpe balanced various aspects of his life, including health, relationships, and adventure. Both men, despite their different approaches, achieved success and contentment by understanding that additional wealth or opportunities are not always worth sacrificing valuable time and energy.

    • Johnny Carson's Priorities: Show and Personal LifeJohnny Carson prioritized his work and personal life over business commitments, often appearing selective and aloof to some, but remained true to his priorities.

      Johnny Carson, despite his immense success and wealth, prioritized his personal interests and work over business commitments that would interfere with his show and personal life. He was known for his complex personality, displaying both generosity and meanness, and had a selective circle of friends. When it came to business deals, he was careful not to get tied down with unnecessary obligations. His mother's death brought out his generous side, but their relationship was strained, and he made a jokingly bitter remark upon her passing. Joan Rivers, one of his closest show business friends, felt they were not truly friends due to Carson's aloofness and selective social circle. Ultimately, Carson's focus on his work and personal life led him to make decisions that may have appeared selfish or unfriendly to some, but he remained true to his priorities.

    • The Lasting Effects of Emotional NeglectEmotional neglect from significant figures can impact personal and professional relationships, leading to difficulties with bonding, decision making, and depression. Loyalty and honesty are crucial in business relationships, while contrasting perspectives on wealth and freedom can lead to misunderstandings and conflict.

      The lack of love and emotional connection from a significant figure in one's life can have lasting impacts on an individual's personal and professional relationships. Johnny Carson's indifferent mother left him with emotional scars that manifested in difficulties with bonding, decision making, and depression. Despite his immense success and wealth, Carson carried this pain throughout his life. Another key takeaway is the importance of loyalty and honesty in business relationships. Henry's actions, such as negotiating deals behind Carson's back and hiding information from him, ultimately led to the destruction of their long-standing partnership. These poor decisions not only betrayed Carson's trust but also resulted in missed opportunities for the company. Furthermore, the book highlights the contrasting perspectives of Johnny Carson and Henry MacPherson on wealth and freedom. Carson's financial success granted him the freedom to pursue his passions and ignore business commitments when they no longer served him. However, Henry's actions demonstrate a different approach, where he was driven by personal gain and the desire to maintain control, even at the expense of his relationship with Carson. In conclusion, the book offers insights into the lasting effects of emotional neglect, the importance of loyalty and honesty in business relationships, and the contrasting perspectives of wealth and freedom.

    • Personal goals vs professional obligationsPeople and relationships hold value beyond financial gain, prioritize connections even in professional challenges

      Personal goals and loyalties can sometimes clash with professional obligations, leading to difficult decisions and the potential dissolution of important relationships. The author's experience with Johnny Carson illustrates this, as they both had conflicting interests despite a long and successful partnership. While it's understandable for individuals to prioritize their own well-being, it's important to remember that people and relationships hold value beyond financial gain. The author learned this lesson the hard way, losing a cherished friendship over a business disagreement. Ultimately, the author's book serves as a poignant reminder of the importance of maintaining personal connections, even in the face of professional challenges. If you're interested in reading more about this intriguing relationship, consider purchasing the book using the link in the show notes. And if you'd like to support the podcast further, consider gifting a subscription to someone you know.

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    (2:30) Sam Walton built his business on a very simple idea: Buy cheap. Sell low. Every day. With a smile.

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    You can also ask SAGE (the Founders Notes AI assistant) any question and SAGE will read all my notes, highlights, and every transcript from every episode for you.

     A few questions I've asked SAGE recently: 

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    (2:00) My father was a self-made man who had known extreme poverty in his youth and had a practically limitless capacity for hard work.

    (6:00) I acted as my own geologist, legal advisor, drilling superintendent, explosives expert, roughneck and roustabout.

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    (21:00) I studied the lives of great men and women. And I found that the men and women who got to the top were those who did the jobs they had in hand, with everything they had of energy and enthusiasm and hard work.

    (22:00) 98 percent of our attention was devoted to the task at hand. We are believers in Carlyle's Prescription, that the job a man is to do is the job at hand and not see what lies dimly in the distance. — Charlie Munger

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    (34:00) Example is the best means to instruct or inspire others.

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    (43:00) Years ago, businessmen automatically kept administrative overhead to an absolute minimum. The present day trend is in exactly the opposite direction. The modern business mania is to build greater and ever greater paper shuffling empires.

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    "Learning from history is a form of leverage." — Charlie Munger. 

    Founders Notes gives you the superpower to learn from history's greatest entrepreneurs on demand. You can search all my notes and highlights from every book I've ever read for the podcast. 

    Get access to Founders Notes here

    You can also ask SAGE (the Founders Notes AI assistant) any question and SAGE will read all my notes, highlights, and every transcript from every episode for you.

     A few questions I've asked SAGE recently: 

    What are the most important leadership lessons from history's greatest entrepreneurs?

    Can you give me a summary of Warren Buffett's best ideas? (Substitute any founder covered on the podcast and you'll get a comprehensive and easy to read summary of their ideas) 

    How did Edwin Land find new employees to hire? Any unusual sources to find talent?

    What are some strategies that Cornelius Vanderbilt used against his competitors?

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    (2:00) Vice President Nelson Rockefeller did me the honor of saying that my entrepreneurial success in the oil business put me on a par with his grandfather, John D. Rockefeller Sr. My comment was that comparing me to John D. Sr. was like comparing a sparrow to an eagle. My words were not inspired by modesty, but by facts.

    (8:00) On his dad sending him to military school: The strict, regimented environment was good for me.

    (20:00) Entrepreneurs are people whose mind and energies are constantly being used at peak capacity.

    (28:00) Advice for fellow entrepreneurs: Don’t be like William Randolph Hearst. Reinvest in your business. Keep a fortress of cash. Use debt sparingly.

    (30:00) The great entrepreneurs I know have these traits:

    -Devoted their minds and energy to building productive enterprises (over the long term)

    -They concentrated on expanding

    -They concentrated on making their companies more efficient 

    -They reinvest heavily in to their business (which can help efficiency and expansion )

    -Always personally involved in their business

    -They know their business down to the ground

    -They have an innate capacity to think on a large scale

    (34:00) Five wives can't all be wrong. As one of them told me after our divorce: "You're a great friend, Paul—but as a husband, you're impossible.”

    (36:00) My business interests created problems [in my marriages]. I was drilling several wells and it was by no means uncommon for me to stay on the sites overnight or even for two days or more.

    (38:00) A hatred of failure has always been part of my nature and one of the more pronounced motivating forces in my life.  Once I have committed myself to any undertaking, a powerful inner drive cuts in and I become intent on seeing it through to a satisfactory conclusion.

    (38:00) My own nature is such that I am able to concentrate on whatever is before me and am not easily distracted from it.

    (42:00) There are times when certain cards sit unclaimed in the common pile, when certain properties become available that will never be available again. A good businessman feels these moments like a fall in the barometric pressure. A great businessman is dumb enough to act on them even when he cannot afford to. — The Fish That Ate the Whale: The Life and Times of America's Banana King by Rich Cohen. (Founders #255)

    (47:00) [On transforming his company for the Saudi Arabia deal] The list of things to be done was awesome, but those things were done.

    (53:00) Churchill to his son: Your idle and lazy life is very offensive to me. You appear to be leading a perfectly useless existence.

    (54:00) My father's influence and example where the principle forces that formed my nature and character.

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    I have listened to every episode released and look forward to every episode that comes out. The only criticism I would have is that after each podcast I usually want to buy the book because I am interested so my poor wallet suffers. ” — Gareth

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    #351 The Founder of Rolex: Hans Wilsdorf

    #351 The Founder of Rolex: Hans Wilsdorf

    What I learned from reading about Hans Wilsdorf and the founding of Rolex.

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    Can you give me a summary of Warren Buffett's best ideas? (Substitute any founder covered on the podcast and you'll get a comprehensive and easy to read summary of their ideas) 

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    ----

    (0:01) At the age of twelve I was an orphan.

    (1:00) My uncles made me become self-reliant very early in life. Looking back, I believe that it is to this, that much of my success is due.

    (9:00) The idea of wearing a watch on one's wrist was thought to be contrary to the conception of masculinity.

    (10:00) Prior to World War 1 wristwatches for men did not exist.

    (11:00) Business is problems. The best companies are just effective problem solving machines.

    (12:00) My personal opinion is that pocket watches will almost completely disappear and that wrist watches will replace them definitively! I am not mistaken in this opinion and you will see that I am right." —Hans Wilsdorf, 1914

    (14:00) The highest order bit is belief: I had very early realized the manifold possibilities of the wristlet watch and, feeling sure that they would materialize in time, I resolutely went on my way. Rolex was thus able to get several years ahead of other watch manufacturers who persisted in clinging to the pocket watch as their chief product.

    (16:00) Clearly, the companies for whom the economics of twenty-four-hour news would have made the most sense were the Big Three broadcasters. They already had most of what was needed— studios, bureaus, reporters, anchors almost everything but a belief in cable.   —  Ted Turner's Autobiography (Founders #327)

    (20:00) Business Breakdowns #65 Rolex: Timeless Excellence

    (27:00)   Rolex was effectively the first watch brand to have real marketing dollars put behind a watch. Rolex did this in a concentrated way and they've continued to do it in a way that is simply just unmatched by others in their industry.

    (28:00) It's tempting during recession to cut back on consumer advertising. At the start of each of the last three recessions, the growth of spending on such advertising had slowed by an average of 27 percent. But consumer studies of those recessions had showed that companies that didn't cut their ads had, in the recovery, captured the most market share. So we didn't cut our ad budget. In fact, we raised it to gain brand recognition, which continued advertising sustains. — Four Seasons: The Story of a Business Philosophy by Isadore Sharp. (Founders #184)

    (32:00) Social proof is a form of leverage. — Poor Charlie's Almanack: The Wit and Wisdom of Charlie Munger. (Founders #329)

    (34:00) What really matters is Hans understood the opportunity better than anybody else, and invested heavily in developing the technology to bring his ideas to fruition.

    (35:00) On keeping the main thing the main thing for decades: In developing and extending my business, I have always had certain aims in mind, a course from which I never deviated.

    (41:00) Rolex wanted to only be associated with the best. They ran an ad with the headline: Men who guide the destinies of the world, where Rolex watches.

    (43:00) Opportunity creates more opportunites. The Oyster unlocked the opportunity for the Perpetual.

    (44:00) The easier you make something for the customer, the larger the market gets: “My vision was to create the first fully packaged computer. We were no longer aiming for the handful of hobbyists who liked to assemble their own computers, who knew how to buy transformers and keyboards. For every one of them there were a thousand people who would want the machine to be ready to run.” — Steve Jobs

    (48:00) More sources:

    Rolex Jubilee: Vade Mecum by Hans Wilsdorf

    Rolex Magazine: The Hans Wilsdorf Years

    Hodinkee: Inside the Manufacture. Going Where Few Have Gone Before -- Inside All Four Rolex Manufacturing Facilities 

    Vintage Watchstraps Blog: Hans Wilsdorf and Rolex

    Business Breakdowns #65 Rolex: Timeless Excellence

    Luxury Strategy: Break the Rules of Marketing to Build Luxury Brands by Jean Noel Kapferer and Vincent Bastien 

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    #350 How To Sell Like Steve Jobs

    #350 How To Sell Like Steve Jobs

    What I learned from reading The Presentation Secrets of Steve Jobs: How to Be Insanely Great in Front of Any Audience by Carmine Gallo 

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    (1:00) You've got to start with the customer experience and work back toward the technology—not the other way around.  —Steve Jobs in 1997

    (6:00) Why should I care = What does this do for me?

    (6:00) The Match King: Ivar Kreuger, The Financial Genius Behind a Century of Wall Street Scandals by Frank Partnoy.  (Founders #348)

    (7:00) Easy to understand, easy to spread.

    (8:00) An American Saga: Juan Trippe and His Pan Am Empire by Robert Daley 

    (8:00) The Fish That Ate the Whale: The Life and Times of America's Banana King by Rich Cohen. (Founders #255)

    (9:00)  love how crystal clear this value proposition is. Instead of 3 days driving on dangerous road, it’s 1.5 hours by air. That’s a 48x improvement in time savings. This allows the company to work so much faster. The best B2B companies save businesses time.

    (10:00) Great Advertising Founders Episodes:

    Albert Lasker (Founders #206)

    Claude Hopkins (Founders #170 and #207)

    David Ogilvy (Founders #82, 89, 169, 189, 306, 343) 

    (12:00) Advertising which promises no benefit to the consumer does not sell, yet the majority of campaigns contain no promise whatever. (That is the most important sentence in this book. Read it again.) — Ogilvy on Advertising 

    (13:00) Repeat, repeat, repeat. Human nature has a flaw. We forget that we forget.

    (19:00) Start with the problem. Do not start talking about your product before you describe the problem your product solves.

    (23:00) The Invisible Billionaire: Daniel Ludwig by Jerry Shields. (Founders #292)

    (27:00) Being so well known has advantages of scale—what you might call an informational advantage.

    Psychologists use the term social proof. We are all influenced-subconsciously and, to some extent, consciously-by what we see others do and approve.

    Therefore, if everybody's buying something, we think it's better.

    We don't like to be the one guy who's out of step.

    The social proof phenomenon, which comes right out of psychology, gives huge advantages to scale.

    —  the NEW Poor Charlie's Almanack: The Wit and Wisdom of Charlie Munger (Founders #329)

    (29:00) Marketing is theatre.

    (32:00) Belief is irresistible. — Shoe Dog: A Memoir by the Creator of Nike by Phil Knight.  (Founders #186)

    (35:00) I think one of the things that really separates us from the high primates is that we’re tool builders. I read a study that measured the efficiency of locomotion for various species on the planet. The condor used the least energy to move a kilometer. And, humans came in with a rather unimpressive showing, about a third of the way down the list. It was not too proud a showing for the crown of creation. So, that didn’t look so good. But, then somebody at Scientific American had the insight to test the efficiency of locomotion for a man on a bicycle. And, a man on a bicycle, a human on a bicycle, blew the condor away, completely off the top of the charts.

    And that’s what a computer is to me. What a computer is to me is it’s the most remarkable tool that we’ve ever come up with, it’s the equivalent of a bicycle for our minds.

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    I have listened to every episode released and look forward to every episode that comes out. The only criticism I would have is that after each podcast I usually want to buy the book because I am interested so my poor wallet suffers. ” — Gareth

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    #349 How Steve Jobs Kept Things Simple

    #349 How Steve Jobs Kept Things Simple

    What I learned from reading Insanely Simple: The Obsession That Drives Apple's Success by Ken Segall. 

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    What are the most important leadership lessons from history's greatest entrepreneurs?

    Can you give me a summary of Warren Buffett's best ideas? (Substitute any founder covered on the podcast and you'll get a comprehensive and easy to read summary of their ideas) 

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    ----

    (1:30) Steve wanted Apple to make a product that was simply amazing and amazingly simple.

    (3:00) If you don’t zero in on your bureaucracy every so often, you will naturally build in layers. You never set out to add bureaucracy. You just get it. Period. Without even knowing it. So you always have to be looking to eliminate it.  — Sam Walton: Made In America by Sam Walton. (Founders #234)

    (5:00) Steve was always easy to understand. He would either approve a demo, or he would request to see something different next time. Whenever Steve reviewed a demo, he would say, often with highly detailed specificity, what he wanted to happen next.  — Creative Selection: Inside Apple's Design Process During the Golden Age of Steve Jobs by Ken Kocienda. (Founders #281)

    (7:00) Watch this video. Andy Miller tells GREAT Steve Jobs stories

    (10:00) Many are familiar with the re-emergence of Apple. They may not be as familiar with the fact that it has few, if any parallels.
    When did a founder ever return to the company from which he had been rudely rejected to engineer a turnaround as complete and spectacular as Apple's? While turnarounds are difficult in any circumstances they are doubly difficult in a technology company. It is not too much of a stretch to say that Steve founded Apple not once but twice. And the second time he was alone. 

    —  Return to the Little Kingdom: Steve Jobs and the Creation of Appleby Michael Moritz.

    (15:00) If the ultimate decision maker is involved every step of the way the quality of the work increases.

    (20:00) "You asked the question, What was your process like?' I kind of laugh because process is an organized way of doing things. I have to remind you, during the 'Walt Period' of designing Disneyland, we didn't have processes. We just did the work. Processes came later. All of these things had never been done before. Walt had gathered up all these people who had never designed a theme park, a Disneyland. So we're in the same boat at one time, and we figure out what to do and how to do it on the fly as we go along with it and not even discuss plans, timing, or anything. We just worked and Walt just walked around and had suggestions." — Disney's Land: Walt Disney and the Invention of the Amusement Park That Changed the World by Richard Snow. (Founders #347)

    (23:00) The further you get away from 1 the more complexity you invite in.

    (25:00) Your goal: A single idea expressed clearly.

    (26:00) Jony Ive: Steve was the most focused person I’ve met in my life

    (28:00) Editing your thinking is an act of service.

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    Can you give me a summary of Warren Buffett's best ideas? (Substitute any founder covered on the podcast and you'll get a comprehensive and easy to read summary of their ideas) 

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    Michael Jordan In His Own Words

    Michael Jordan In His Own Words

    What I learned from reading Driven From Within by Michael Jordan and Mark Vancil. 

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    Episode Outline: 

    Players who practice hard when no one is paying attention play well when everyone is watching.

    It's hard, but it's fair. I live by those words. 

    To this day, I don't enjoy working. I enjoy playing, and figuring out how to connect playing with business. To me, that's my niche. People talk about my work ethic as a player, but they don't understand. What appeared to be hard work to others was simply playing for me.

    You have to be uncompromised in your level of commitment to whatever you are doing, or it can disappear as fast as it appeared. 

    Look around, just about any person or entity achieving at a high level has the same focus. The morning after Tiger Woods rallied to beat Phil Mickelson at the Ford Championship in 2005, he was in the gym by 6:30 to work out. No lights. No cameras. No glitz or glamour. Uncompromised. 

    I knew going against the grain was just part of the process.

    The mind will play tricks on you. The mind was telling you that you couldn't go any further. The mind was telling you how much it hurt. The mind was telling you these things to keep you from reaching your goal. But you have to see past that, turn it all off if you are going to get where you want to be.

    I would wake up in the morning thinking: How am I going to attack today?

    I’m not so dominant that I can’t listen to creative ideas coming from other people. Successful people listen. Those who don’t listen, don’t survive long.

    In all honesty, I don't know what's ahead. If you ask me what I'm going to do in five years, I can't tell you. This moment? Now that's a different story. I know what I'm doing moment to moment, but I have no idea what's ahead. I'm so connected to this moment that I don't make assumptions about what might come next, because I don't want to lose touch with the present. Once you make assumptions about something that might happen, or might not happen, you start limiting the potential outcomes. 

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    Founders
    en-usMay 12, 2024

    #348 The Financial Genius Behind A Century of Wall Street Scandals: Ivar Kreuger

    #348 The Financial Genius Behind A Century of Wall Street Scandals: Ivar Kreuger

    What I learned from reading The Match King: Ivar Kreuger, The Financial Genius Behind a Century of Wall Street Scandals by Frank Partnoy. 

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    Episode Outline: 

    1. Ivar was charismatic. His charisma was not natural. Ivar spent hours every day just preparing to talk. He practiced his lines for hours like great actors do.

    2. Ivar’s first pitch was simple, easy to understand, and legitimate: By investing in Swedish Match, Americans could earn profits from a monopoly abroad.

    3. Joseph Duveen noticed that Europe had plenty of art and America had plenty of money, and his entire astonishing career was the product of that simple observation. — The Days of Duveen by S.N. Behrman.  (Founders #339 Joseph Duveen: Robber Baron Art Dealer)

    4. Ivar studied Rockefeller and Carnegie: Ivar's plan was to limit competition and increase profits by securing a monopoly on match sales throughout the world, mimicking the nineteenth century oil, sugar, and steel trusts.

    5. When investors were manic, they would purchase just about anything. But during the panic that inevitably followed mania, the opposite was true. No one would buy.

    6. The problem isn’t getting rich. The problem is staying sane. — Charlie Munger

    7. Ivar understood human psychology. If something is limited and hard to get to that increases desire. This works for both products (like a Ferrari) and people (celebrities). Ivar was becoming a business celebrity.

    8.  I’ve never believed in risking what my family and friends have and need in order to pursue what they don't have and don't need. — The Essays of Warren Buffett by Warren Buffett and Lawrence Cunningham. (Founders #227)

    9. Great ideas are simple ideas: Ivar hooked Durant with his simple, brilliant idea: government loans in exchange for match monopolies.

    10. Ivar wrote to his parents, "I cannot believe that I am intended to spend my life making money for second-rate people. I shall bring American methods back home. Wait and see - I shall do great things. I'm bursting with ideas. I am only wondering which to carry out first."

    11. Ivar’s network of companies was far too complex for anyone to understand: It was like a corporate family tree from hell, and it extended into obscurity.

    12. “Victory in our industry is spelled survival.”   —Steve Jobs

    13. Ivar's financial statements were sloppy and incomplete. Yet investors nevertheless clamored to buy his securities.

    14. As more cash flowed in the questions went away. This is why Ponzi like schemes can last so long. People don’t want to believe. They don’t want the cash to stop.

    15. A Man for All Markets: From Las Vegas to Wall Street, How I Beat the Dealer and the Market by Ed Thorp. (Founders #222)

    16.  A summary of Charlie Munger on incentives:

    1. We all underestimate the power of incentives.
    2. Never, ever think about anything else before the power of incentives.
    3. The most important rule: get the incentives right.

    17. This is nuts! Fake phones and hired actors!

    Next to the desk was a table with three telephones. The middle phone was a dummy, a non-working phone that Ivar could cause to ring by stepping on a button under the desk. That button was a way to speed the exit of talkative visitors who were staying too long. Ivar also used the middle phone to impress his supporters. When Percy Rockefeller visited Ivar pretended to receive calls from various European government officials, including Mussolini and Stalin. That evening, Ivar threw a lavish party and introduced Rockefeller to numerous "ambassadors" from various countries, who actually were movie extras he had hired for the night.

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    Related Episodes

    #169 David Ogilvy (The King of Madison Avenue)

    #169 David Ogilvy (The King of Madison Avenue)

    What I learned from reading The King of Madison Avenue: David Ogilvy and the Making of Modern Advertising by Kenneth Roman. 

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    One characteristic of geniuses, said Einstein, is they are passionately curious. Ogilvy’s great secret was an inquiring mind.In conversation, he never pontificated; he interrogated.

    There were piles of books all over his house, most about successful leaders in business and government. He was interested in how they used their leadership. How they made their money. He was interested in people — people who had accomplished remarkable things.

    Reading Ogilvy’s short autobiography is like having dinner with a charming raconteur.

    His Scottish grandfather is portrayed as cold — hearted, formidable, and successful — and his hero. 

    When you write a book about advertising, you’re competing with midgets. When you write an autobiography, you’re competing with giants.

    He took the occasion to remind everyone that he was not a big shot at school. I wasn’t a scholar. I detested the philistines who ruled the roost. I was an irreconcilable rebel — a misfit. In short, I was a dud. Fellow duds, take heart! There is no correlation between success at school and success in life.

    If you can’t advertise yourself, what hope do you have of being able to advertise anything else?

    Although he entered advertising to make money, Ogilvy had become interested — obsessively interested — in the business itself. He said he had read every book that had been written on the subject, and, as a young man, had reason to believe he would be good at it and would enjoy it. Since American advertising was years ahead of advertising anywhere else, he decided to study the trade where it was done best.

    Nobody, at any level, should be allowed to have anything to do with advertising until he has read this book seven times (Scientific Advertising by Claude Hopkins). Every time I see a bad advertisement, I say to myself, “The man who wrote this copy has never read Claude Hopkins.”

    In print, it should lead with a headline that offers a consumer benefit. Often it should rely on long text packed with facts. “The more you tell, the more you sell,” as he would later preach.

    David also learned something about writing from his time in the intelligence service. Stephenson was a master of the terse note. Memos to him were returned swiftly to the sender with one of three words written at the top of the page: YES, NO, or SPEAK, meaning to come see him.

    Here Ogilvy describes himself as of the day he started the agency: “He is 38 and unemployed. He dropped out of college. He has been a cook, a salesman and a diplomat. He knows nothing about marketing and has never written any copy. He professes to be interested in advertising as a career and is ready to go to work for $5,000 a year. I doubt if any American agency will hire him.

    Like De Gaulle, he felt that praise should be a rare commodity lest you devalue the currency.

    He had a near psychopathic hatred of laziness in all its forms. He was the least lazy person I have ever encountered. His advertising philosophy was shot through with intolerance of sloth. Lazy people accept mediocrity, which he hated.

    You cannot bore people into buying. Committees can criticize advertisements, but they cannot create them. Compromise has no place in advertising. Whatever you do, go the whole hog. You can’t save souls in an empty church.

    American Express built its business in part with an effective direct mail letter that started: “Quite frankly, the American Express Card is not for everyone.”

    I am a lousy copywriter. But a good editor.

    My crusade is in favor of advertising which sells. My war cry is: “We Sell. Or Else.” This has been my philosophy for 50 years, and I have never wavered from it, no matter what the temptations have been.

    Be happy while you’re living, for you’re a long time dead.

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    #98 Enzo Ferrari (the making of an automobile empire)

    #98 Enzo Ferrari (the making of an automobile empire)

    What I learned from reading Enzo Ferrari: Power, Politics, and the Making of an Automobile Empire by Luca Dal Monte.

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    [0:01] Ferrari was animated by an extraordinary passion that led him to build a product with no equal

    [3:52] Lee Iacocca on why Enzo Ferrari will go as the greatest car manufacturer in history: "Ferrari spent every dollar chasing perfection." 

    [8:50] Business lessons from his father  

    [11:47] Enzo Ferrari was not interested in school. He wanted to start working immediately. 

    [16:36] The deaths of his father and brother 

    [18:20] No job. No money. No connections. A young man desperate to succeed in life. 

    [23:06] He learned something that he would never forget for the rest of his life: Not even the best driver had any chance of victory if he was not at the wheel of the best car

    [24:20] Starting his first business which ends in bankruptcy.

    [28:31] Enzo learned from those who already accomplished what he was trying to do. 

    [31:10] He does the best possible job at whatever task he is given. Even if he doesn't want to do it. Enzo focuses on being useful. 

    [33:35] A young Enzo Ferrari is plagued with doubts and close to a nervous breakdown. 

    [38:28] The large leave gaps for the small: The start of Scuderia Ferrari. 

    [49:38] Enzo Ferrari at 33 years old. 

    [51:30] For Enzo Ferrari it was always day 1.

    [52:33] Alfa Romeo pulls the plug/the end of Scuderia Ferrari, the birth of Ferrari.

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    I have listened to every episode released and look forward to every episode that comes out. The only criticism I would have is that after each podcast I usually want to buy the book because I am interested so my poor wallet suffers. ” — Gareth

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    #249 Steve Jobs In His Own Words

    #249 Steve Jobs In His Own Words

    What I learned from reading I, Steve: Steve Jobs In His Own Words by George Beahm.

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    [1:05]

    On Steve Jobs

    #5 Steve Jobs: The Biography
    #19 Becoming Steve Jobs: The Evolution of a Reckless Upstart into a Visionary Leader
    #76 Return To The Little Kingdom: Steve Jobs and The Creation of Apple
    #77 Steve Jobs & The NeXT Big Thing
    #204 Inside Steve Jobs' Brain
    #214 Steve Jobs: The Exclusive Biography
    #235 To Pixar And Beyond: My Unlikely Journey with Steve Jobs to Make Entertainment History

    Bonus Episodes on Steve Jobs

    Insanely Simple: The Obsession That Drives Apple's Success (Between #112 and #113)
    Creative Selection: Inside Apple's Design Process During the Golden Age of Steve Jobs (Between #110 and #111)

    On Jony Ive and Steve Jobs

    #178 Jony Ive: The Genius Behind Apple's Greatest Products

    On Ed Catmull and Steve Jobs

    #34 Creativity Inc: Overcoming The Unseen Forces That Stand In The Way of True Inspiration

    On Steve Jobs and several other technology company founders

    #157 The Innovators: How a Group of Hackers, Geniuses, and Geeks Created the Digital Revolution

    #208 In the Company of Giants: Candid Conversations With the Visionaries of the Digital World

    [3:13] We're not going to be the first to this party, but we're going to be the best.

    [4:54] Company Focus: We do no market research. We don't hire consultants. We just want to make great products.

    [5:06] The roots of Apple were to build computers for people, not for corporations. The world doesn't need another Dell or Compaq.

    [5:52] Nearly all the founders I’ve read about have a handful of ideas/principles that are important to them and they just repeat and pound away at them forever.

    [7:00] You can oftentimes arrive at some very elegant and simple solutions. Most people just don't put in the time or energy to get there.

    [8:09] I think of Founders as a tool for working professionals. And what that tool does is it gets ideas from the history of entrepreneurship into your brain so then you can use them in your work. It just so happens that a podcast is a great way to achieve that goal.

    [8:48] Tim Ferriss Podcast #596 with Ed Thorp

    [8:50] A Man for All Markets: From Las Vegas to Wall Street, How I Beat the Dealer and the Market by Ed Thorp. (Founders 222)

    [10:43] In most people's vocabularies, design means veneer. It's interior decorating. It's the fabric of the curtains and the sofa. But to me, nothing could be further from the meaning of design. Design is the fundamental soul of a man-made creation that ends up expressing itself in successive outer layers of the product or service.

    [12:05] The Essential Difference: The Lisa people wanted to do something great. And the Mac people want to do something insanely great. The difference shows.

    [14:21] Sure, what we do has to make commercial sense, but it's never the starting point. We start with the product and the user experience.

    [15:57] Becoming Steve Jobs: The Evolution of a Reckless Upstart into a Visionary Leader by Brent Schlender and Rick Tetzeli. (Founders #19)

    [16:41] We had a passion to do this one simple thing.

    [16:51] And that's really important because he's saying I wasn't trying to build the biggest company. I wasn't trying to build a trillion dollar company. It wasn't doing any of that. Those things happen later as a by-product of what I was actually focused on, which is just building the best computer that I wanted to use.

    [17:14] In the Company of Giants: Candid Conversations With the Visionaries of the Digital World by Rama Dev Jager and Rafael Ortiz.  (Founders #208 )

    [17:41] It comes down to trying to expose yourself to the best things that humans have done and then try to bring those things in to what you're doing. Picasso had a saying: good artists copy, great artists steal. And we have always been shameless about stealing great ideas.

    [20:29] Our belief was that if we kept putting great products in front of customers, they would continue to open their wallets.

    [21:06]  A Mind at Play: How Claude Shannon Invented the Information Age by Jimmy Soni and Rob Goodman (Founders #95) “A very small percentage of the population produces the greatest proportion of the important ideas. There are some people if you shoot one idea into the brain, you will get half an idea out. There are other people who are beyond this point at which they produce two ideas for each idea sent in.”

    [22:29] Edwin land episodes:

    Insisting On The Impossible: The Life of Edwin Land and Instant: The Story of Polaroid (Founders #40)

    The Instant Image: Edwin Land and The Polaroid Experience by Mark Olshaker. (Founders #132)

    Land’s Polaroid: A Company and The Man Who Invented It by Peter C. Wensberg. (Founders #133)

    A Triumph of Genius: Edwin Land, Polaroid, and the Kodak Patent War by Ronald K. Fierstein. (Founders #134)

    [25:01] Macintosh was basically this relatively small company in Cupertino, California, taking on the goliath, IBM, and saying "Wait a minute, your way is wrong. This is not the way we want computers to go. This is not the legacy we want to leave. This is not what we want our kids to be learning. This is wrong and we are going to show you the right way to do it and here it is and it is so much better.

    [27:47] Jony Ive: The Genius Behind Apple's Greatest Productsby Leander Kahney. (
    (Founders #178)

    [29:00] Enzo Ferrari: Power, Politics, and the Making of an Automobile Empire by Luca Dal Monte (Founders #98)

    [34:39] On meeting his wife, Laurene: I was in the parking lot, with the key in the car, and I thought to myself: If this is my last night on earth, would I rather spend it at a business meeting or with this woman? I ran across the parking lot, asked her if she'd have dinner with me. She said yes, we walked into town, and we've been together ever since.

    [37:26] It's not about pop culture, and it's not about fooling people, and it's not about convincing people that they want something they don't. We figure out what we want. And I think we're pretty good at having the right discipline to think through whether a lot of other people are going to want it, too. That's what we get paid to do.

    [41:29] Constellation Software Inc. President's Letters by Mark Leonard. (Founders #246)

    [42:30] Made in Japan: Akio Morita and Sony by Akio Morita. (Founders #102)

    [44:36] Victory in our industry is spelled survival.

    [45:21] Once you get into the problem you see that it's complicated, and you come up with all these convoluted solutions. That's where most people stop, and the solutions tend to work for a while. But the really great person will keep going, find the underlying problem, and come up with an elegant solution that works on every level.

    [48:15] Churchill by Paul Johnson (Founders #225)

    [48:25] I would trade all my technology for an afternoon with Socrates.

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    I have listened to every episode released and look forward to every episode that comes out. The only criticism I would have is that after each podcast I usually want to buy the book because I am interested, so my poor wallet suffers. ”— Gareth

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    #90 Charlie Munger (Poor Charlie's Almanack)

    #90 Charlie Munger (Poor Charlie's Almanack)

    What I learned from reading Poor Charlie's Almanack: The Wit and Wisdom of Charles T. Munger.

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    Cicero, learned man that he was, believed in self-improvement so long as breath lasts.

    In business we often find that the winning system goes almost ridiculously far in maximizing and/or minimizing one or a few variables-like the discount warehouses of Costco.

    "Invert, always invert." It is in the nature of things, as Jacobi knew, that many hard problems are best solved only when they are addressed backward.

    It's quite interesting to think about Wal-Mart starting from a single store in Arkansas-against Sears with its name, reputation and all of its billions. How does a guy in Bentonville, Arkansas, with no money, blow right by Sears? And he does it in his own lifetime-in fact, during his own late lifetime because he was already pretty old by the time he started out with one little store. He played the chain store game harder and better than else. Walton anyone invented practically nothing. But he copied everything anybody else ever did that was smart. So he blew right by them all.

    Charlie's redundancy in expressions and examples is purposeful: for the kind of deep "fluency" he advocates, he knows that repetition is the heart of instruction.

    He enjoyed challenging the conventional wisdom of teachers and fellow students with his ever-increasing knowledge gained through voracious reading, particularly biographies.

    He never forgot the sound principles taught by his grandfather: to concentrate on the task immediately in front of him and to control spending.

    I would say everything about Charlie is unusual. I've been looking for the usual now for forty years, and I have yet to find it. Charlie marches to his own music, and it's music like virtually no one else is listening to. So, I would say that to try and typecast Charlie in terms of any other human that I can think of, no one would fit. He's got his own mold.

    Charlie Munger has spent a professional lifetime studying lives that have worked well and others that have glitches or have experienced failures.

    Despite his healthy self-image, Charlie would prefer to be anonymous.

    I am a biography nut myself. And I think when you're trying to teach the great concepts that work, it helps to tie them into the lives and personalities of the people who developed them. I think you learn economics better if you make Adam Smith your friend. That sounds funny, making friends among 'the eminent dead,' but if you go through life making friends with the eminent dead who had the right ideas, I think it will work better for you in life and work better in education. It's way better than just giving the basic concepts.

    His underlying philosophical view was one of deep and realistic cynicism about human nature, including a distaste for pure mob rule and demagogues.

    Find out what you're best at and keep pounding away at it. This has always been Charlie's basic approach to life.

    Take a simple idea and take it seriously.

    Charlie likes the analogy of looking at one's ideas and approaches as "tools." “When a better tool (idea or approach) comes along, what could be better than to swap it for your old, less useful tool?Warren and I routinely do this, but most people, cling to their old, less useful tools."

    Henry Singleton has the best operating and capital deployment record in American business...if one took the 100 top business school graduates and made a composite of their triumphs, their record would not be as good as Singleton's.

    You have to figure out what your own aptitudes are. If you play games where other people have the aptitudes and you don't, you're going to lose. And that's as close to certain as any prediction that you can make. You have to figure out where you've got an edge. And you've got to play within your own circle of competence.

    The other aspect of avoiding vicarious wisdom is the rule for not learning from the best work done before yours. . .There once was a man who assiduously mastered the work of his best predecessors, despite a poor start and very tough time. Eventually, his own work attracted wide attention, and he said of his work: “If I have seen a little farther than other men, it is because I stood on the shoulders of giants."

    In my whole life, I have known no wise people who didn't read all the time-none, zero. You'd be amazed at how much Warren reads-and at how much I read.

    There is no better teacher than history in determining the future. There are answers worth billions of dollars in a $30 history book.

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    I have listened to every episode released and look forward to every episode that comes out. The only criticism I would have is that after each podcast I usually want to buy the book because I am interested so my poor wallet suffers. ” — Gareth

    Be like Gareth. Buy a book: All the books featured on Founders Podcast

    #132 Edwin Land (Steve Jobs's Hero)

    #132 Edwin Land (Steve Jobs's Hero)

    What I learned from reading The Instant Image: Edwin Land and the Polaroid Experience by Mark Olshaker. 

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    [1:42] The word “problem” had completely departed from Edwin land's vocabulary to be replaced by the word “opportunity”. 

    [2:01] What was it about this man and his company that allowed such confidence and seeming lack of concern with the traditional top priorities of American business? 

    [2:38] There is something unique about Polaroid having to do both with the human dimension of the company, and with a unity of vision of its founder and guiding genius.  

    [3:36] Perhaps the single most important aspect of Land's character is his ability to regard things around him in a new and totally different way.  

    [4:14] Right from the beginning of his career Land had paid scant attention to what experts had to say, trusting his own instincts instead.  

    [4:49] Land has always believed that for any item sufficiently ingenious and intriguing, a new market could be created. Conventional wisdom has little capacity with which to evaluate a market that did not exist prior to the product that defines it. 

    [5:21] He feels that creativity is an individual thing. Not generally applicable to group generation. 

    [5:52] Land is a man deeply caught up in the creative potential of the individual. 

    [6:33] An institution is the lengthened shadow of one man. 

    [7:43] Apple founder Steve Jobs once hailed Edwin Land, the founder of Polaroid and the father of instant photography, as "a national treasure" and once confessed to a reporter that meeting Land was "like visiting a shrine." By his own admission, Jobs modeled much of his own career after Land’s. Both Jobs and Land stand out today as unique and towering figures in the history of technology. Neither had a college degree, but both built highly successful and innovative organizations. Jobs and Land were both perfectionists with an almost fanatic attentiveness to detail, in addition to being consummate showmen and instinctive marketers. In many ways, Edwin Land was the original Steve Jobs.  

    [8:36] There's a rule that they don't teach you at the Harvard business school. It is, if anything is worth doing it's worth doing to excess

    [11:22] Steve Jobs: I always thought of myself as a humanities person as a kid, but I liked electronics. Then I read something that one of my heroes, Edwin Land of Polaroid, said about the importance of people who could stand at the intersection of humanities and sciences. And I decided that's what I wanted to do.  

    [12:51] In a world full of cooks, Edwin Land was a chef. [Link to The Cook and The Chef: Elon Musk’s Secret Sauce]  

    [19:34] Land was asked what he wanted to be when he was younger: I had two goals. To be the world's greatest scientist and to be the world's greatest novelist. 

    [21:28] Everyone acknowledged that the future of Polaroid corporation would be determined by what went on in the brain of Edwin Land. 

    [22:01] My motto is very personal and may not fit anyone else or any other company. It is: Don't do anything that someone else can do.  

    [22:54] Fortunately our company has been one which has been dedicated throughout its life to making only things which others can not make.  

    [25:06] Land had far more faith in his own potential, and that of the company he inspired, than did any of the experts looking in from the outside.  

    [27:30] Polaroid failed to build a successful company by selling to other businesses: Each [product] would have involved millions of dollars in revenue for the company, but each invention involved a certain degree of transformation of an existing industry controlled by an existing power structure. From this Land realizes he needs to control the relationship with the customer. He realizes he needs to sell directly to the end user

    [36:16] Edwin Land is inspired by, and learned from, people that came before him. One example of this is Alexander Graham Bell. Edwin Land is not worried about the marketing [of a new product] because Bell went through the same thing: Land apparently lost little sleep over the initial situation, calling to mind that the same sort of reaction had greeted the public introduction of Bell's telephone, 70 years earlier. The telephone had been a dominant symbol in Land's thinking. He began making numerous connections between his camera and the telephone.  

    [40:16] Over the years, I have learned that every significant invention has several characteristics. By definition it must be startling, unexpected, and must come into a world that is not prepared for it. If the world were prepared for it, it would not be much of an invention.  

    [40:46] It is the public's role to resist [a new invention, a new product/service]. 

    [41:29] It took us a lifetime to understand that if we're to make a new commodity —a commodity of beauty —then we must be prepared for the extensive teaching program needed to prepare society for the magnitude of our invention

    [45:12] Only the individual— and not the large group— can see a part of the world in a totally new and different way.  

    [48:08] Land's view is that a company should be scientifically daring and financially conservative. 

    [50:30] To understand more about every aspect of light, Edwin Land read every single book on light that was available in the New York City Public Library. That reminded me of one of my favorite lectures ever: Running Down A Dream: How to Succeed and Thrive in a Career You Love

    [51:59] Land on the problem with formal education: Young people for the most part —unless they are geniuses— after a very short time in college, give up any hope of being individually great. 

    [54:16] Among all the components and Land's intellectual arsenal, the chief one seems to be simple concentration.  

    I have listened to every episode released and look forward to every episode that comes out. The only criticism I would have is that after each podcast I usually want to buy the book because I am interested, so my poor wallet suffers.”— Gareth

    Be like Gareth. Buy a book. It's good for you. It's good for Founders. A list of all the books featured on Founders Podcast.