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    • Exploring the importance of having conversations about difficult topicsAnna Sale's book, 'Let's Talk About Hard Things', offers valuable advice on approaching difficult conversations about money, death, identity, and family.

      In today's world, we're expected to navigate complex and uncomfortable conversations more than ever before, but we're not taught the necessary skills. Anna Sale, host of WNYC's "Death, Sex & Money," has written a book, "Let's Talk About Hard Things," which explores the importance of having conversations about difficult topics and the lack of institutions and rituals that once guided us through such patches. Sale shares her personal experiences of growing up in a time when such learning was more evident and how, as an adult, she's had to rely on peers, mentors, and friends to figure out how to handle tough conversations. From discussing money and death to identity and family, Sale's book offers valuable advice on how to approach these hard topics and make conversations that need to be had, but aren't due to their complexity, feel less daunting.

    • Navigating Personal Relationships in a Changing WorldEffective listening and open, curious dialogue are essential for building deeper, more meaningful relationships as we navigate the loss of traditional rituals and institutions in our personal conversations about topics like death, sex, and relationships.

      As our world changes and we have more freedom to shape our personal relationships and conversations, we also bear more responsibility for navigating them effectively. The loss of traditional rituals and institutions can leave us feeling adrift, but the freedom to discuss topics like death, sex, and relationships openly can lead to deeper understanding and connection. Effective listening is crucial in these conversations, as it empowers individuals to share their experiences and feelings. Through open, curious dialogue, we can learn important things about ourselves and others, and build stronger, more meaningful relationships. The author's book aims to provide guidance and tools for engaging in these conversations with care and compassion. While we may not be in a worse place than before, we are in a different one, and our conversations must adapt accordingly.

    • Improve personal relationships with journalistic skillsAsking open-ended questions fosters deeper connections and authentic exchanges, leading to stronger bonds and a more fulfilling personal life.

      The skills learned as a journalist, such as asking open-ended questions, can significantly improve personal relationships. By moving beyond small talk and exchanging pleasantries, these questions foster deeper connections and a sense of exploration. Open questions create an opportunity for both parties to share their thoughts and feelings authentically, allowing for a more meaningful exchange. This approach can be applied to various situations, from casual conversations with friends to more sensitive topics, like discussing past traumas. The key is to frame the question in a way that acknowledges the importance of the topic and invites the other person to share their perspective. By doing so, we can build stronger bonds and create a more fulfilling personal life.

    • Effective listening requires adapting to unique communication stylesEmpathy, patience, and adapting to others' communication styles are key to effective listening. Short sentences can help navigate complex conversations, and children can teach us to communicate clearly.

      Effective listening involves pacing and understanding the unique communication styles of different individuals. According to the speaker, cooperative overlapping, where people start talking before someone else is finished, can be seen as polite in some cultures but rude in others. The key is to ensure that the person feels heard and validated. Short sentences can help navigate complex conversations, as they allow us to distill complex emotions and ideas into simple, clear statements. The speaker also emphasizes the importance of paying attention to the way people communicate with us and adapting our listening style accordingly. Children can serve as unexpected teachers in this area, as they often communicate their needs in straightforward terms. Ultimately, effective listening requires empathy, patience, and a willingness to adapt to the unique communication styles of those around us.

    • Approaching hard conversations with empathy and understandingRecognize that there's no easy fix when discussing hard topics like death. Instead, aim to be present and validate others' experiences, accepting a lack of closure.

      When it comes to discussing hard topics like death, it's essential to approach conversations with empathy and understanding, rather than trying to find quick solutions or fixes. According to the speaker, as we grow older, we tend to complicate our emotional experiences and focus on finding solutions, but the most helpful approach is to simply acknowledge and validate what's going on. When talking about death, it's important to recognize that there's no easy fix, and instead, we should aim to be present for those who are grieving or facing their own mortality. The speaker also emphasizes the importance of accepting a lack of closure in these conversations and focusing on understanding each other's experiences. By approaching hard conversations with this mindset, we can create more meaningful and powerful emotional experiences.

    • Validating someone's griefAcknowledge loss, offer support, and respect autonomy. Create space for grieving person to express feelings and offer comfort without pushing for solutions.

      When supporting someone through loss, it's important to validate their grief rather than trying to solve it or provide meaning. Grief therapist Megan Devine emphasized the importance of acknowledging the loss and offering support in a way that respects the grieving person's autonomy. It's natural to want to help, but it's crucial to remember that we cannot take away the sadness of loss. Instead, we can create space for the grieving person to express their feelings and offer comfort without pushing for solutions. Additionally, it's essential to recognize that some people may struggle to show up for those in grief due to their own fear or discomfort with the topic. In these situations, finding ways to communicate care and support while respecting the grieving person's dignity can be challenging but ultimately rewarding.

    • Communicating about sensitive topics: death, sex, and relationshipsOpen communication and understanding are essential for navigating sensitive topics. By acknowledging the power dynamics and desires involved, we can create a more productive and honest dialogue.

      Open communication and understanding are crucial in navigating sensitive topics such as death, sex, and relationships. These topics can be difficult to discuss due to societal norms, personal discomfort, and the fear of rejection or misunderstanding. However, having these conversations can lead to deeper connections and a greater sense of intimacy. The idea that every interaction, including sex, is a transaction can help frame these discussions in a more productive way. This doesn't mean that everything must be reduced to a financial transaction, but rather that each person brings something to the table and desires something in return, even if those desires are not identical. By acknowledging the power dynamics and desires involved in these interactions, we can create a more open and honest dialogue that allows us to better understand and meet each other's needs.

    • Shifting Conversations Around Sex and ConsentYounger generations are embracing a more nuanced approach to sex and consent, focusing on ongoing communication and clear expectations. However, having open conversations about money remains a challenge.

      There's a cultural shift happening in how we approach conversations around sex and consent, particularly among younger generations. This shift involves a more granular and ongoing discussion of desires and expectations, moving beyond a simple yes or no consent model. Additionally, there's a growing openness to various forms of relationships and the need to use clear communication to establish expectations. However, having open conversations about money remains challenging due to limited vocabulary and the complex history and factors that influence individual financial situations.

    • Misunderstanding Money: A Systemic ProblemRecognize money as a systemic issue, offer support and acceptance instead of blame to those struggling, and shift the conversation to one that is honest, compassionate, and inclusive.

      Money is a crucial yet often overlooked and misunderstood aspect of our lives, and the way we talk about it in our society is skewed. Money is essential like oxygen, and when we're short of it, everything else becomes insignificant. The media's conversation about money is heavily influenced by those who have enough, leading to a misrepresentation and moralization that can create a harmful societal narrative. People struggling with financial stability, such as students, are often left out of the conversation. Danielle Munoz, a student affairs worker, shares a valuable approach to addressing this issue: acknowledging it as a systemic problem and offering support and acceptance rather than blame. By recognizing the systemic challenges and providing resources and empathy, we can shift the conversation around money to one that is more honest, compassionate, and inclusive.

    • Understanding family dynamics in financial conversationsRecognize learned roles and power dynamics in family financial discussions and create an environment for genuine communication and listening

      Having open and honest conversations about money, especially with family members, can be challenging due to societal norms and learned power dynamics. The concept of family systems, as introduced by family therapist Murray Bowen, suggests that when conversing with family members, individuals may not bring their full selves to the table. Instead, they interact based on learned roles and power dynamics. To effectively communicate and listen, it's essential to create an environment where individuals can truly hear each other without reacting to familiar patterns. This concept can be particularly relevant when attempting to navigate financial conversations within families. By understanding the complexities of these dynamics, we can work towards fostering more productive and open discussions.

    • Navigating Distance in Family RelationshipsEmpathy and understanding are crucial in maintaining difficult family relationships, even when ideal communication isn't possible.

      Family conversations can be challenging due to the tension between the shared history and the natural separation that comes with growing up. This tension can result in a desire to assert personal identity while still feeling known within the family. Rafael Casale's description of navigating distance in family relationships is a loving way to understand this complex dynamic. One poignant example of this comes from a story of a woman who had to learn to validate her mother's paranoid delusions in order to maintain their relationship and keep the peace. While ideal conversations involve mutual understanding, not all relationships allow for this. By validating her mother's fears instead of disputing them, the woman was able to transform their communication during crises. This story highlights the importance of empathy and understanding in even the most difficult family conversations.

    • Validation and collaboration during challenging conversationsEffective communication requires recognizing and validating each other's experiences and beliefs during challenging conversations. Shifting to a collaborative approach can lead to productive dialogue and stronger relationships.

      Effective communication, especially during challenging conversations, requires validation of others' beliefs and experiences. This was exemplified in a story about a daughter and her mother during a hospitalization. Instead of fighting, they shifted to a more collaborative approach, allowing the daughter to take a leadership role in healthcare decisions. This required the daughter to let go of the idea that she could control her mother's reality and instead focus on maintaining the relationship. The lesson extends to conversations about identity, where respecting each other's experiences and validating each other's perspectives is crucial for productive dialogue. As Hassan Minhaj put it, "Do you want to be right or do you want to be together?" The choice depends on the circumstances. In conversations about identity, it's essential to recognize the different roles we play based on our experiences and to listen more than speak when necessary.

    • Power dynamics in relationships influenced by societal normsRecognizing societal norms' impact on personal experiences can lead to more equitable relationships, but remember power and identity are complex and multifaceted.

      Understanding power dynamics in intimate relationships requires recognizing both personal experiences and broader societal structures. A couple's interview revealed how gendered expectations led to unequal division of labor, causing tension and exhaustion. By acknowledging the influence of societal norms on their individual identities, they began to challenge and change their expectations, leading to a more equitable relationship. However, it's important to remember that power and identity are complex and multifaceted. Approaching conversations with an awareness of both personal experiences and societal structures can lead to more nuanced and inclusive discussions. It's essential to remember that individuals' experiences of their identity may not align with broad societal categories, and understanding this complexity is crucial for fostering empathy and respect in relationships.

    • Exploring relationships and personal growth through literatureEmpathy, understanding, and accurate language usage are essential in effective communication and personal growth. Books like 'Death in Mud Lick', 'Crying in H Mart', and 'The Secret Experiment' offer insights into various aspects of life.

      Effective communication in relationships requires empathy and understanding of different perspectives. This was highlighted in a conversation about power dynamics in marriage. Eric Iyer's book "Death in Mud Lick" was recommended for its insight into investigative journalism and the opioid epidemic, while Michelle Zauner's "Crying in H Mart" offers a personal exploration of grief and identity. Lastly, Alison Bechdel's graphic novel "The Secret Experiment" tackles themes of self-improvement, relationships, and mortality. These books, among many others, serve as valuable sources of inspiration and understanding in various aspects of life. Additionally, the importance of accurate language usage, such as the distinction between octopuses and octopi, was emphasized.

    Recent Episodes from The Ezra Klein Show

    How an Open Democratic Convention Would Work

    How an Open Democratic Convention Would Work

    After President Biden’s rough performance at the first presidential debate, the question of an open convention has roared to the front of Democratic politics. But how would an open convention work? What would be its risks? What would be its rewards? 

    In February, after I first made the case for an open Democratic convention, I interviewed Elaine Kamarck to better understand what an open convention would look like. She literally wrote the book on how we choose presidential candidates, “Primary Politics: Everything You Need to Know About How America Nominates Its Presidential Candidates.” But her background here isn’t just theory. She’s worked on four presidential campaigns and on 10 nominating conventions — for both Democrats and Republicans. She’s a member of the Democratic National Committee’s Rules Committee. And her explanation of the mechanics and dynamics of open conventions was, for me, extremely helpful. It’s even more relevant now than it was then. 

    Mentioned:

    The Lincoln Miracle by Ed Achorn

    Book Recommendations:

    All the King’s Men by Robert Penn Warren

    The Making of the President 1960 by Theodore H. White

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    Thoughts? Guest suggestions? Email us at ezrakleinshow@nytimes.com.

    You can find transcripts (posted midday) and more episodes of “The Ezra Klein Show” at nytimes.com/ezra-klein-podcast, and you can find Ezra on Twitter @ezraklein. Book recommendations from all our guests are listed at https://www.nytimes.com/article/ezra-klein-show-book-recs.

    This episode of “The Ezra Klein Show” was produced by Annie Galvin. Fact checking by Michelle Harris, with Kate Sinclair and Kristin Lin. Our senior engineer is Jeff Geld. Our senior editor is Claire Gordon. The show’s production team also includes Rollin Hu. Original music by Isaac Jones. Audience strategy by Kristina Samulewski and Shannon Busta. The executive producer of New York Times Opinion Audio is Annie-Rose Strasser. And special thanks to Sonia Herrero.

    This conversation was recorded in February 2024.

    The Ezra Klein Show
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    What Is the Democratic Party For?

    What Is the Democratic Party For?

    Top Democrats have closed ranks around Joe Biden since the debate. Should they? 

    Mentioned:

    This Isn’t All Joe Biden’s Fault” by Ezra Klein

    Democrats Have a Better Option Than Biden” by The Ezra Klein Show

    Here’s How an Open Democratic Convention Would Work” with Elaine Kamarck on The Ezra Klein Show

    The Hollow Parties by Daniel Schlozman and Sam Rosenfeld

    Thoughts? Guest suggestions? Email us at ezrakleinshow@nytimes.com.

    You can find transcripts (posted midday) and more episodes of “The Ezra Klein Show” at nytimes.com/ezra-klein-podcast. Book recommendations from all our guests are listed at https://www.nytimes.com/article/ezra-klein-show-book-recs.

    This audio essay was produced by Rollin Hu and Kristin Lin. Fact-Checking by Jack McCordick and Michelle Harris. Mixing by Efim Shapiro. Our senior editor is Claire Gordon. The show’s production team also includes Annie Galvin, Jeff Geld, Elias Isquith and Aman Sahota. Original music by Isaac Jones. Audience strategy by Kristina Samulewski and Shannon Busta. The executive producer of New York Times Opinion Audio is Annie-Rose Strasser.

    The Ezra Klein Show
    enJune 30, 2024

    After That Debate, the Risk of Biden Is Clear

    After That Debate, the Risk of Biden Is Clear

    I joined my Times Opinion colleagues Ross Douthat and Michelle Cottle to discuss the debate — and what Democrats might do next.

    Mentioned:

    The Biden and Trump Weaknesses That Don’t Get Enough Attention” by Ross Douthat

    Trump’s Bold Vision for America: Higher Prices!” with Matthew Yglesias on The Ezra Klein Show

    Democrats Have a Better Option Than Biden” on The Ezra Klein Show

    Here’s How an Open Democratic Convention Would Work” with Elaine Kamarck on The Ezra Klein Show

    Gretchen Whitmer on The Interview

    The Republican Party’s Decay Began Long Before Trump” with Sam Rosenfeld and Daniel Schlozman on The Ezra Klein Show

    Thoughts? Guest suggestions? Email us at ezrakleinshow@nytimes.com. You can find transcripts (posted midday) and more episodes of “The Ezra Klein Show” at nytimes.com/ezra-klein-podcast. Book recommendations from all our guests are listed at https://www.nytimes.com/article/ezra-klein-show-book-recs.

    The Ezra Klein Show
    enJune 28, 2024

    Trump’s Bold Vision for America: Higher Prices!

    Trump’s Bold Vision for America: Higher Prices!

    Donald Trump has made inflation a central part of his campaign message. At his rallies, he rails against “the Biden inflation tax” and “crooked Joe’s inflation nightmare,” and promises that in a second Trump term, “inflation will be in full retreat.”

    But if you look at Trump’s actual policies, that wouldn’t be the case at all. Trump has a bold, ambitious agenda to make prices much, much higher. He’s proposing a 10 percent tariff on imported goods, and a 60 percent tariff on products from China. He wants to deport huge numbers of immigrants. And he’s made it clear that he’d like to replace the Federal Reserve chair with someone more willing to take orders from him. It’s almost unimaginable to me that you would run on this agenda at a time when Americans are so mad about high prices. But I don’t think people really know that’s what Trump is vowing to do.

    So to drill into the weeds of Trump’s plans, I decided to call up an old friend. Matt Yglesias is a Bloomberg Opinion columnist and the author of the Slow Boring newsletter, where he’s been writing a lot about Trump’s proposals. We also used to host a policy podcast together, “The Weeds.”

    In this conversation, we discuss what would happen to the economy, especially in terms of inflation, if Trump actually did what he says he wants to do; what we can learn from how Trump managed the economy in his first term; and why more people aren’t sounding the alarm.

    Mentioned:

    Trump’s new economic plan is terrible” by Matthew Yglesias

    Never mind: Wall Street titans shake off qualms and embrace Trump” by Sam Sutton

    How Far Trump Would Go” by Eric Cortellessa

    Book Recommendations:

    Take Back the Game by Linda Flanagan

    1177 B.C. by Eric H. Cline

    The Rise of the G.I. Army, 1940-1941 by Paul Dickson

    Thoughts? Guest suggestions? Email us at ezrakleinshow@nytimes.com.

    You can find transcripts (posted midday) and more episodes of “The Ezra Klein Show” at nytimes.com/ezra-klein-podcast. Book recommendations from all our guests are listed at https://www.nytimes.com/article/ezra-klein-show-book-recs.

    This episode of “The Ezra Klein Show” was produced by Rollin Hu. Fact-checking by Kate Sinclair and Mary Marge Locker. Mixing by Isaac Jones, with Aman Sahota. Our senior editor is Claire Gordon. The show’s production team also includes Annie Galvin, Elias Isquith and Kristin Lin. Original music by Isaac Jones. Audience strategy by Kristina Samulewski and Shannon Busta. The executive producer of New York Times Opinion Audio is Annie-Rose Strasser. Special thanks to Sonia Herrero, Adam Posen and Michael Strain.

    The Ezra Klein Show
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    The Biggest Political Divide Is Not Left vs. Right

    The Biggest Political Divide Is Not Left vs. Right

    The biggest divide in our politics isn’t between Democrats and Republicans, or even left and right. It’s between people who follow politics closely, and those who pay almost no attention to it. If you’re in the former camp — and if you’re reading this, you probably are — the latter camp can seem inscrutable. These people hardly ever look at political news. They hate discussing politics. But they do care about issues and candidates, and they often vote.

    As the 2024 election takes shape, this bloc appears crucial to determining who wins the presidency. An NBC News poll from April found that 15 percent of voters don’t follow political news, and Donald Trump was winning them by 26 points.

    Yanna Krupnikov studies exactly this kind of voter. She’s a professor of communication and media at the University of Michigan and an author, with John Barry Ryan, of “The Other Divide: Polarization and Disengagement in American Politics.” The book examines how the chasm between the deeply involved and the less involved shapes politics in America. I’ve found it to be a helpful guide for understanding one of the most crucial dynamics emerging in this year’s election: the swing to Trump from President Biden among disengaged voters.

    In this conversation, we discuss how politically disengaged voters relate to politics; where they get their information about politics and how they form opinions; and whether major news events, like Trump’s recent conviction, might sway them.

    Mentioned:

    The ‘Need for Chaos’ and Motivations to Share Hostile Political Rumors” by Michael Bang Petersen, Mathias Osmundsen and Kevin Arceneaux

    Hooked by Markus Prior

    The Political Influence of Lifestyle Influencers? Examining the Relationship Between Aspirational Social Media Use and Anti-Expert Attitudes and Beliefs” by Ariel Hasell and Sedona Chinn

    One explanation for the 2024 election’s biggest mystery” by Eric Levitz

    Book Recommendations:

    What Goes Without Saying by Taylor N. Carlson and Jaime E. Settle

    Through the Grapevine by Taylor N. Carlson

    Sorry I’m Late, I Didn’t Want to Come by Jessica Pan

    Thoughts? Guest suggestions? Email us at ezrakleinshow@nytimes.com.

    You can find transcripts (posted midday) and more episodes of “The Ezra Klein Show” at nytimes.com/ezra-klein-podcast. Book recommendations from all our guests are listed at https://www.nytimes.com/article/ezra-klein-show-book-recs.

    This episode of “The Ezra Klein Show” was produced by Annie Galvin. Fact-checking by Michelle Harris. Our senior engineer is Jeff Geld, with additional mixing by Efim Shapiro and Aman Sahota. Our senior editor is Claire Gordon. The show’s production team also includes Rollin Hu, Elias Isquith and Kristin Lin. Original music by Isaac Jones. Audience strategy by Kristina Samulewski and Shannon Busta. The executive producer of New York Times Opinion Audio is Annie-Rose Strasser. Special thanks to Sonia Herrero.

    The Ezra Klein Show
    enJune 18, 2024

    The View From the Israeli Right

    The View From the Israeli Right

    On Tuesday I got back from an eight-day trip to Israel and the West Bank. I happened to be there on the day that Benny Gantz resigned from the war cabinet and called on Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu to schedule new elections, breaking the unity government that Israel had had since shortly after Oct. 7.

    There is no viable left wing in Israel right now. There is a coalition that Netanyahu leads stretching from right to far right and a coalition that Gantz leads stretching from center to right. In the early months of the war, Gantz appeared ascendant as support for Netanyahu cratered. But now Netanyahu’s poll numbers are ticking back up.

    So one thing I did in Israel was deepen my reporting on Israel’s right. And there, Amit Segal’s name kept coming up. He’s one of Israel’s most influential political analysts and the author of “The Story of Israeli Politics” is coming out in English.

    Segal and I talked about the political differences between Gantz and Netanyahu, the theory of security that’s emerging on the Israeli right, what happened to the Israeli left, the threat from Iran and Hezbollah and how Netanyahu is trying to use President Biden’s criticism to his political advantage.

    Mentioned:

    Biden May Spur Another Netanyahu Comeback” by Amit Segal

    Book Recommendations:

    The Years of Lyndon Johnson Series by Robert A. Caro

    The World of Yesterday by Stefan Zweig

    The Object of Zionism by Zvi Efrat

    The News from Waterloo by Brian Cathcart

    Thoughts? Guest suggestions? Email us at ezrakleinshow@nytimes.com.

    You can find transcripts (posted midday) and more episodes of “The Ezra Klein Show” at nytimes.com/ezra-klein-podcast. Book recommendations from all our guests are listed at https://www.nytimes.com/article/ezra-klein-show-book-recs.

    This episode of “The Ezra Klein Show” was produced by Claire Gordon. Fact-checking by Michelle Harris with Kate Sinclair. Our senior engineer is Jeff Geld, with additional mixing by Aman Sahota. Our senior editor is Claire Gordon. The show’s production team also includes Annie Galvin, Rollin Hu, Elias Isquith and Kristin Lin. Original music by Isaac Jones. Audience strategy by Kristina Samulewski and Shannon Busta. The executive producer of New York Times Opinion Audio is Annie-Rose Strasser. And special thanks to Sonia Herrero.

    The Ezra Klein Show
    enJune 14, 2024

    The Economic Theory That Explains Why Americans Are So Mad

    The Economic Theory That Explains Why Americans Are So Mad

    There’s something weird happening with the economy. On a personal level, most Americans say they’re doing pretty well right now. And according to the data, that’s true. Wages have gone up faster than inflation. Unemployment is low, the stock market is generally up so far this year, and people are buying more stuff.

    And yet in surveys, people keep saying the economy is bad. A recent Harris poll for The Guardian found that around half of Americans think the S. & P. 500 is down this year, and that unemployment is at a 50-year high. Fifty-six percent think we’re in a recession.

    There are many theories about why this gap exists. Maybe political polarization is warping how people see the economy or it’s a failure of President Biden’s messaging, or there’s just something uniquely painful about inflation. And while there’s truth in all of these, it felt like a piece of the story was missing.

    And for me, that missing piece was an article I read right before the pandemic. An Atlantic story from February 2020 called “The Great Affordability Crisis Breaking America.” It described how some of Americans’ biggest-ticket expenses — housing, health care, higher education and child care — which were already pricey, had been getting steadily pricier for decades.

    At the time, prices weren’t the big topic in the economy; the focus was more on jobs and wages. So it was easier for this trend to slip notice, like a frog boiling in water, quietly, putting more and more strain on American budgets. But today, after years of high inflation, prices are the biggest topic in the economy. And I think that explains the anger people feel: They’re noticing the price of things all the time, and getting hammered with the reality of how expensive these things have become.

    The author of that Atlantic piece is Annie Lowrey. She’s an economics reporter, the author of Give People Money, and also my wife. In this conversation, we discuss how the affordability crisis has collided with our post-pandemic inflationary world, the forces that shape our economic perceptions, why people keep spending as if prices aren’t a strain and what this might mean for the presidential election.

    Mentioned:

    It Will Never Be a Good Time to Buy a House” by Annie Lowrey

    Book Recommendations:

    Franchise by Marcia Chatelain

    A Place of Greater Safety by Hilary Mantel

    Nickel and Dimed by Barbara Ehrenreich

    Thoughts? Guest suggestions? Email us at ezrakleinshow@nytimes.com.

    You can find transcripts (posted midday) and more episodes of “The Ezra Klein Show” at nytimes.com/ezra-klein-podcast. Book recommendations from all our guests are listed at https://www.nytimes.com/article/ezra-klein-show-book-recs.

    This episode of “The Ezra Klein Show” was produced by Rollin Hu. Fact-checking by Michelle Harris. Our senior engineer is Jeff Geld, with additional mixing by Efim Shapiro and Aman Sahota. Our senior editor is Claire Gordon. The show’s production team also includes Annie Galvin, Elias Isquith and Kristin Lin. Original music by Isaac Jones and Aman Sahota. Audience strategy by Kristina Samulewski and Shannon Busta. The executive producer of New York Times Opinion Audio is Annie-Rose Strasser. Special thanks to Sonia Herrero.

    The Ezra Klein Show
    enJune 07, 2024

    The Republican Party’s Decay Began Long Before Trump

    The Republican Party’s Decay Began Long Before Trump

    After Donald Trump was convicted last week in his hush-money trial, Republican leaders wasted no time in rallying behind him. There was no chance the Republican Party was going to replace Trump as their nominee at this point. Trump has essentially taken over the G.O.P.; his daughter-in-law is even co-chair of the Republican National Committee.

    How did the Republican Party get so weak that it could fall victim to a hostile takeover?

    Daniel Schlozman and Sam Rosenfeld are the authors of “The Hollow Parties: The Many Pasts and Disordered Present of American Party Politics,” which traces how both major political parties have been “hollowed out” over the decades, transforming once-powerful gatekeeping institutions into mere vessels for the ideologies of specific candidates. And they argue that this change has been perilous for our democracy.

    In this conversation, we discuss how the power of the parties has been gradually chipped away; why the Republican Party became less ideological and more geared around conflict; the merits of a stronger party system; and more.

    Mentioned:

    Democrats Have a Better Option Than Biden” by The Ezra Klein Show

    Here’s How an Open Democratic Convention Would Work” by The Ezra Klein Show with Elaine Kamarck

    Book Recommendations:

    The Two Faces of American Freedom by Aziz Rana

    Rainbow’s End by Steven P. Erie

    An American Melodrama by Lewis Chester, Godfrey Hodgson, Bruce Page

    Thoughts? Guest suggestions? Email us at ezrakleinshow@nytimes.com.

    You can find transcripts (posted midday) and more episodes of “The Ezra Klein Show” at nytimes.com/ezra-klein-podcast. Book recommendations from all our guests are listed at https://www.nytimes.com/article/ezra-klein-show-book-recs.

    This episode of “The Ezra Klein Show’‘ was produced by Elias Isquith. Fact-checking by Michelle Harris, with Mary Marge Locker, Kate Sinclair and Rollin Hu. Our senior engineer is Jeff Geld, with additional mixing by Aman Sahota and Efim Shapiro. Our senior editor is Claire Gordon. The show’s production team also includes Annie Galvin and Kristin Lin. Original music by Isaac Jones. Audience strategy by Kristina Samulewski and Shannon Busta. The executive producer of New York Times Opinion Audio is Annie-Rose Strasser. Special thanks to Sonia Herrero.

    The Ezra Klein Show
    enJune 04, 2024

    Your Mind Is Being Fracked

    Your Mind Is Being Fracked

    The steady dings of notifications. The 40 tabs that greet you when you open your computer in the morning. The hundreds of unread emails, most of them spam, with subject lines pleading or screaming for you to click. Our attention is under assault these days, and most of us are familiar with the feeling that gives us — fractured, irritated, overwhelmed.

    D. Graham Burnett calls the attention economy an example of “human fracking”: With our attention in shorter and shorter supply, companies are going to even greater lengths to extract this precious resource from us. And he argues that it’s now reached a point that calls for a kind of revolution. “This is creating conditions that are at odds with human flourishing. We know this,” he tells me. “And we need to mount new forms of resistance.”

    Burnett is a professor of the history of science at Princeton University and is working on a book about the laboratory study of attention. He’s also a co-founder of the Strother School of Radical Attention, which is a kind of grass roots, artistic effort to create a curriculum for studying attention.

    In this conversation, we talk about how the 20th-century study of attention laid the groundwork for today’s attention economy, the connection between changing ideas of attention and changing ideas of the self, how we even define attention (this episode is worth listening to for Burnett’s collection of beautiful metaphors alone), whether the concern over our shrinking attention spans is simply a moral panic, what it means to teach attention and more.

    Mentioned:

    Friends of Attention

    The Battle for Attention” by Nathan Heller

    Powerful Forces Are Fracking Our Attention. We Can Fight Back.” by D. Graham Burnett, Alyssa Loh and Peter Schmidt

    Scenes of Attention edited by D. Graham Burnett and Justin E. H. Smith

    Book Recommendations:

    Addiction by Design by Natasha Dow Schüll

    Objectivity by Lorraine Daston and Peter L. Galison

    The Confidence-Man by Herman Melville

    Thoughts? Guest suggestions? Email us at ezrakleinshow@nytimes.com.

    You can find transcripts (posted midday) and more episodes of “The Ezra Klein Show” at nytimes.com/ezra-klein-podcast. Book recommendations from all our guests are listed at https://www.nytimes.com/article/ezra-klein-show-book-recs.

    This episode of “The Ezra Klein Show” was produced by Rollin Hu and Kristin Lin. Fact-checking by Michelle Harris, with Mary Marge Locker and Kate Sinclair. Our senior engineer is Jeff Geld, with additional mixing by Isaac Jones and Aman Sahota. Our senior editor is Claire Gordon. The show’s production team also includes Annie Galvin and Elias Isquith. Original music by Isaac Jones and Aman Sahota. Audience strategy by Kristina Samulewski and Shannon Busta. The executive producer of New York Times Opinion Audio is Annie-Rose Strasser. Special thanks to Sonia Herrero.

    The Ezra Klein Show
    enMay 31, 2024

    ‘Artificial Intelligence?’ No, Collective Intelligence.

    ‘Artificial Intelligence?’ No, Collective Intelligence.

    A.I.-generated art has flooded the internet, and a lot of it is derivative, even boring or offensive. But what could it look like for artists to collaborate with A.I. systems in making art that is actually generative, challenging, transcendent?

    Holly Herndon offered one answer with her 2019 album “PROTO.” Along with Mathew Dryhurst and the programmer Jules LaPlace, she built an A.I. called “Spawn” trained on human voices that adds an uncanny yet oddly personal layer to the music. Beyond her music and visual art, Herndon is trying to solve a problem that many creative people are encountering as A.I. becomes more prominent: How do you encourage experimentation without stealing others’ work to train A.I. models? Along with Dryhurst, Jordan Meyer and Patrick Hoepner, she co-founded Spawning, a company figuring out how to allow artists — and all of us creating content on the internet — to “consent” to our work being used as training data.

    In this conversation, we discuss how Herndon collaborated with a human chorus and her “A.I. baby,” Spawn, on “PROTO”; how A.I. voice imitators grew out of electronic music and other musical genres; why Herndon prefers the term “collective intelligence” to “artificial intelligence”; why an “opt-in” model could help us retain more control of our work as A.I. trawls the internet for data; and much more.

    Mentioned:

    Fear, Uncertainty, Doubt” by Holly Herndon

    xhairymutantx” by Holly Herndon and Mat Dryhurst, for the Whitney Museum of Art

    Fade” by Holly Herndon

    Swim” by Holly Herndon

    Jolene” by Holly Herndon and Holly+

    Movement” by Holly Herndon

    Chorus” by Holly Herndon

    Godmother” by Holly Herndon

    The Precision of Infinity” by Jlin and Philip Glass

    Holly+

    Book Recommendations:

    Intelligence and Spirit by Reza Negarestani

    Children of Time by Adrian Tchaikovsky

    Plurality by E. Glen Weyl, Audrey Tang and ⿻ Community

    Thoughts? Guest suggestions? Email us at ezrakleinshow@nytimes.com.

    You can find transcripts (posted midday) and more episodes of “The Ezra Klein Show” at nytimes.com/ezra-klein-podcast. Book recommendations from all our guests are listed at https://www.nytimes.com/article/ezra-klein-show-book-recs.

    This episode of “The Ezra Klein Show” was produced by Annie Galvin. Fact-checking by Michelle Harris. Our senior engineer is Jeff Geld, with additional mixing by Aman Sahota. Our senior editor is Claire Gordon. The show’s production team also includes Rollin Hu, Elias Isquith and Kristin Lin. Original music by Isaac Jones. Audience strategy by Kristina Samulewski and Shannon Busta. The executive producer of New York Times Opinion Audio is Annie-Rose Strasser. And special thanks to Sonia Herrero and Jack Hamilton.

    The Ezra Klein Show
    enMay 24, 2024

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